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【luogu P4180 嚴格次小生成樹[BJWC2010]】 模板

題目連結:https://www.luogu.org/problemnew/show/P4180

這個題卡樹剖。記得開O2。

這個題inf要到1e18。

定理:次小生成樹和最小生成樹差距只有在一條邊上

非嚴格次小生成樹:列舉每一條不在最小生成樹上的邊,加入到最小生成樹中構成一個環。刪去這個環上的最大值。(此最大值有可能與加入生成樹中的邊相等,故為非嚴格次小生成樹。)重複此操作取min,得到次小生成樹。(基於kruskal實現。)

嚴格次小生成樹:與非嚴格次小生成樹類似,不同在於為了避免刪去環上的最大值等於加入生成樹中的邊,需要記錄次最大值。噁心點所在。

於是維護最大值和次小值又成了一道資料結構題。

樹剖:剖MST,查詢加進來的邊的兩端點編號 = =

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define ll long long
#define lson l, mid, rt<<1
#define rson mid+1, r, rt<<1|1
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 300010;
const ll inf = 1e18;
inline ll read() 
{
    char ch = getchar(); ll u = 0, f = 1;
    while (!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch == '-')f = -1; ch = getchar();}
    while (isdigit(ch)) {u = u * 10 + ch - 48; ch = getchar();}return u * f;
}
ll n, m, fa[maxn], deep[maxn], size[maxn], son[maxn], top[maxn], seg[maxn], rev[maxn], W[maxn], ans = inf, num;
ll father[maxn], mstans, mstcnt;
bool vis[maxn];
struct EDG{
    ll u, v, w;
}G[maxn];//mst
struct edge{
    ll to, next, len;
}e[maxn<<2];
ll head[maxn], cnt;
void add(ll u, ll v, ll w)
{
    e[++cnt].len = w; e[cnt].next = head[u]; e[cnt].to = v; head[u] = cnt;
    e[++cnt].len = w; e[cnt].next = head[v]; e[cnt].to = u; head[v] = cnt;
}
//kruskal
bool cmp(EDG a, EDG b)
{
    return a.w < b.w;
}
ll find(ll x)
{
    return father[x] == x ? x : father[x] = find(father[x]);
}
void init()
{
    for(ll i = 1; i <= n; i++) father[i] = i;
    sort(G+1, G+1+m, cmp);
}
void kruskal()
{
    init();
    for(ll i = 1; i <= m; i++)
    {
        if(mstcnt == n-1) break;
        ll x = find(G[i].u), y = find(G[i].v);
        if(x != y)
        {
            mstans += G[i].w;
            mstcnt++;
            vis[i] = 1;
            add(G[i].u, G[i].v, G[i].w);
            father[x] = y;
        }
    }
}
//Segment_Tree
bool maxcmp(ll a, ll b)
{
    return a > b;
}
ll get_sec(ll a, ll b, ll c, ll d)
{
    ll z[5] = {a, b, c, d};
    sort(z, z+4, maxcmp);
    for(ll i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
    {
        if(z[i] != z[0]) return z[i];
    }
}
struct Segment_Tree{
    ll fir, sec;
}tree[maxn<<2];
void PushUPfir(ll rt)
{
    tree[rt].fir = max(tree[rt<<1].fir, tree[rt<<1|1].fir);
}
void PushUPsec(ll rt)
{
    tree[rt].sec = get_sec(tree[rt<<1].fir, tree[rt<<1|1].fir, tree[rt<<1].sec, tree[rt<<1|1].sec);
}
void build(ll l, ll r, ll rt)
{
    if(l == r)
    {
        tree[rt].fir = rev[l];
        return;
    }
    ll mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build(lson);
    build(rson);
    PushUPfir(rt);
    PushUPsec(rt);
}
Segment_Tree query(ll left, ll right, ll l, ll r, ll rt)
{
    Segment_Tree max1 = {-inf,-inf}, max2 = {-inf,-inf};
    if(left <= l && r <= right)
    {
        return (Segment_Tree){tree[rt].fir, tree[rt].sec};
    }
    ll mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if(left <= mid) max1 = query(left, right, lson); 
    if(right > mid) max2 = query(left, right, rson);
    return (Segment_Tree) {max(max1.fir, max2.fir), get_sec(max1.fir, max1.sec, max2.fir, max2.sec)}; 
}
//Tree_cut
void dfs1(ll u, ll f, ll d)
{
    ll maxson = -1;
    size[u] = 1;
    deep[u] = d;
    fa[u] = f;
    for(ll i = head[u]; i != -1; i = e[i].next)
    {
        ll v = e[i].to;
        if(f != v)
        {
            W[v] = W[u] + e[i].len;
            dfs1(v, u, d+1);
            size[u] += size[v];
            if(maxson < size[v]) maxson = size[v], son[u] = v;
        }
    }
}
void dfs2(ll u, ll t)
{
    seg[u] = ++num;
    rev[num] = W[u] - W[fa[u]];//字首和邊權上點權 
    //rev[num] = node[u];
    top[u] = t;
    if(!son[u]) return;
    dfs2(son[u], t);
    for(ll i = head[u]; i != -1; i = e[i].next)
    {
        ll v = e[i].to;
        if(v == fa[u] || v == son[u]) continue;
        dfs2(v, v);
    }
}
ll LCA(ll x, ll y, ll d)//當前邊的權值 
{
    ll res = -inf;
    while(top[x] != top[y])
    {
        if(deep[top[x]] < deep[top[y]]) swap(x, y);
        Segment_Tree temp1 = query(seg[top[x]], seg[x], 1, n, 1);
        x = fa[top[x]];
        res = max(res, (temp1.fir == d) ? temp1.sec : temp1.fir);
    }
    if(deep[x] < deep[y]) swap(x, y);
    Segment_Tree temp2 = query(seg[y] + 1, seg[x], 1, n, 1);
    return res = max(res, (temp2.fir == d) ? temp2.sec : temp2.fir);
}
int main()
{
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
    n = read(); m = read(); //scanf("%lld%lld",&n,&m);
    for(ll i = 1; i <= m; i++) {G[i].u = read(); G[i].v = read(); G[i].w = read();}//scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&G[i].u,&G[i].v,&G[i].w);
    kruskal();
    dfs1(1, 0, 1); dfs2(1, 1);
    build(1, n, 1);
    for(ll i = 1; i <= m; i++)
    {
        if(vis[i]) continue;
        ll temp = mstans + G[i].w - LCA(G[i].u, G[i].v, G[i].w);
        if(ans > temp && temp != mstans + G[i].w && temp > mstans) ans = temp;
    }
    printf("%lld",ans);
    return 0;
}