1. 程式人生 > >四天搞定bootstrap---第二天

四天搞定bootstrap---第二天

1.Boostrap第二部分:全域性CSS樣式——輔助類

  .pull-left

  .pull-right   

  .caret

  .close

  .center-block

2.Boostrap第二部分:全域性CSS樣式——排版&程式碼

3.Boostrap第二部分:全域性CSS樣式——表格

  .table                                                   

  .table-bordered         帶邊框的表格

  .table-striped            隔行變色的表格

  .table-hover              滑鼠懸停變色的表格

  .table-responsive       響應式表格,用於TABEL父元素DIV

Bootlint:官方提供的一個用於檢查HTML/CSS使用方面錯誤的工具。

  練習:如何為tr和td修改背景顏色 —— 自己檢視手冊

4.Boostrap第二部分:全域性CSS樣式——柵格佈局系統——重點

  頁面內容佈局的三種方式:

  (1)TABLE佈局

       好處:簡單容易控制

       問題:語義錯誤,渲染效率低

  (2)DIV+CSS佈局

       好處:語義正確,渲染效率高

       問題:不容易控制

  (3)Bootstrap柵格佈局系統

       好處:語義正確,渲染效率高,簡單容易控制,實現了響應式

       不足:沒有!

柵格佈局系統的使用方法:

(1)柵格系統的父元素必須是:

       div.container   - 定寬容器 

              LG:1170px MD:970px SM: 750px XS:100%

       div.container-fluid - 變寬容器

              width:100%

(2)在容器中宣告“行”

       div.container > div.row

(3)在“行”中宣告“列”

       div.container > div.row > div.col-*-*

(4)列根據不同的螢幕尺寸分為四組:

       .col-lg-*

       .col-md-*

       .col-sm-*

       .col-xs-*

(5)一行均分為12等份,每個列必須指定自己的佔比:

       .col-lg-1

       .col-lg-2

       .col-lg-3

       .col-lg-...

       .col-lg-12

(6)列可以向後“偏移”指定的寬度

       .col-lg-offset-1

       .col-lg-offset-2

       .col-lg-offset-....

       .col-lg-offset-12

      

(7)不同螢幕寬度下的列寬度佔比適用於指定螢幕以及更大螢幕

       .col-xs-*         適用於xs/sm/md/lg螢幕

       .col-sm-*        適用於sm/md/lg螢幕

       .col-md-*       適用於md/lg螢幕

       .col-lg-*         適用於lg螢幕

(8)一個列可以指定不同螢幕下的不同寬度佔比

       <div class="col-xs-12  col-sm-9  col-md-6">

       <div class="col-xs-12  col-md-6">

(9)可以指定列在特定的螢幕下實現隱藏

       .hidden-lg

       .hidden-md

       .hidden-sm

       .hidden-xs

       .hidden

       注意:隱藏只對指定螢幕有效!

(10)柵格系統可以巢狀使用

       <div class="row">

              <div class="col-xs-1">

                     <div class="row">

                            <div class="col-xs-6"></div>

                     </div>

              </div>

       </div>

(11)列的排序問題——待續

 

午間練習:使用柵格系統實現如下頁面佈局:         

              <input class="form-control">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title></title>
  <link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <!--標題欄-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-12">
        <h1>Bootstrap <i>CSS </i> <small>type</small></h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--搜尋框-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-9">
        <input class="form-control" type="text">
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--主體內容-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-3">
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
          <li><a href="">startup</a></li>
          <li><a href="">globalcss</a></li>
          <li><a href="">component</a></li>
          <li><a href="">js plugin</a></li>
          <li><a href="">customize</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-6">
        <blockquote>
          <h3>三人行必有我師焉</h3>
          <footer>摘自孔子 論語 </footer>
        </blockquote>
        <table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
          <thead>
          <tr>
            <th>編號</th>
            <th>書名</th>
            <th>價格</th>
            <th>作者</th>
          </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td>101</td>
            <td>三國志</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>羅貫中</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>102</td>
            <td>西遊記</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>吳承恩</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>103</td>
            <td>紅樓夢</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>曹雪芹</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>104</td>
            <td>水滸傳</td>
            <td>35.5</td>
            <td>施耐庵</td>
          </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-3">
        <h2>特色課程</h2>
        <dl>
          <dt>HTML</dt>
          <dd>hyper text markup language</dd>
          <dt>css</dt>
          <dd>cascade style sheet</dd>
          <dt>js</dt>
          <dd>javascript</dd>
        </dl>
        <blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
          <h3>來自***</h3>
          <footer>總裁寄語</footer>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--版權宣告條-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-12">
        <p class="text-center">****&copy 2018</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>


  <script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

 

重點練習:響應式網頁示例:  

  

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title></title>
  <link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
  <style>
    .navbg{
      background:rgb(3,76,80);
      margin-bottom:10px;
      margin-top:5px;
      border-radius:5px;
      padding-top:5px;
      padding-bottom:5px;
    }
    .leftbg{
      background:rgb(87,8,91);
      color:#fff;
      border-radius:5px;
    }
    .leftbg>ul>li>a{
      background:#fff;
      color:#000;
      margin:5px 10%;
      display:inline-block;
      width:80%;
      height:50px;
      text-align:center;
      line-height:50px;
      border-radius:5px;
    }
    .centerbg{
      background:rgb(255,185,81);
      border-radius:5px;
    }
    .rightbg{
      background:rgb(91,87,8);
      color:#fff;
      border-radius:5px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <!--第一行:導航條-->
    <div class="row navbg">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4">
        <ul class="list-inline">
          <li><a href="">首頁</a></li>
          <li><a href="">影集</a></li>
          <li><a href="">活動</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
        <input  class="form-control" type="text">
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--第二行:主體-->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 leftbg">
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
          <li><a href="">豆蔻年華</a></li>
          <li><a href="">花樣青春</a></li>
          <li><a href="">激情歲月</a></li>
          <li><a href="">遲暮之年</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-6 centerbg">
        <!--柵格系統的巢狀使用-->
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/1.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/2.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/3.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
          <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 ">
            <img  class="img-responsive" src="./img/4.jpg" alt="">
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Animi assumenda harum nemo obcaecati, omnis provident rem repellendus! Accusamus asperiores consectetur delectus eligendi eveniet hic iusto porro ratione totam, unde? Repudiandae?</span><span>Adipisci debitis eius eos exercitationem, fugit maxime natus nisi numquam officia quasi quisquam sunt suscipit, voluptas! A accusantium cum eligendi ex inventore magni sit? Atque dicta error quasi quo ullam.</span><span>Accusamus culpa dignissimos, dolore ducimus et exercitationem expedita nemo quae qui saepe suscipit voluptate voluptatem. A, aut dolore ex expedita incidunt modi mollitia nesciunt nobis, omnis praesentium, quia vero vitae.</span><span>A at consequuntur cum, cupiditate dolores fugiat hic, illum nam nisi reprehenderit similique suscipit veniam voluptate! Ab eveniet iusto laboriosam modi nemo nisi perspiciatis provident quas, repellendus saepe sunt voluptas?</span><span>Accusamus aliquam animi architecto aut debitis delectus, deleniti deserunt dolor, exercitationem explicabo fugiat fugit id labore laboriosam libero minus nam necessitatibus nesciunt numquam odio quam, repellat tempora temporibus vel vitae?</span><span>Alias aperiam blanditiis, cumque deserunt doloremque, eaque enim esse ex hic itaque laboriosam minima mollitia nesciunt quasi ratione sequi vero? Assumenda blanditiis debitis eius inventore ipsam nisi, quae ut veritatis.</span><span>Accusantium animi eaque eius est eveniet exercitationem fugiat impedit minima mollitia nesciunt perspiciatis possimus quidem reiciendis repellat rerum, sit velit. Accusamus ea id magnam modi repellendus. Blanditiis deleniti et quis.</span><span>Dolor excepturi harum itaque, magni numquam pariatur quos recusandae. Aut commodi earum eius eum, illum, laborum magni nihil perspiciatis porro quam quas quasi quidem quis quo ratione tenetur ut voluptatibus.</span></p>
      </div>
      <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm col-md-3 rightbg">
        <p>右側廣告 <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Aut corporis dolor dolore dolorum ducimus incidunt iure, laborum maxime mollitia natus obcaecati porro quaerat quisquam, sed sequi tempore temporibus! Obcaecati, totam?</span><span>Ab amet consectetur culpa doloremque eligendi error est fuga harum impedit itaque magnam magni molestias nobis odio pariatur possimus praesentium quas qui, quis ratione reiciendis sint suscipit unde, veritatis voluptate.</span></p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--第三行:版權宣告-->
    <div class="row">

    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

5.Boostrap第二部分:全域性CSS樣式——表單——難點

  難點:(1)相關class較多  (2)HTML結構複雜——HTML5規範

  Bootstrap提供了三種形式的表單:

  (1)預設表單

      

       <form>

              <div class="form-group">

                     <label class="control-label"></label>

                     <input class="form-control">

                     <span class="help-block"></span>

              </div>

       </form>

  (2)行內表單

      

       <form class="form-inline">

              <div class="form-group">

                     <label class="sr-only"></label>

                     <input class="form-control">

              </div>

       </form>

  (3)水平表單

       提示:水平表單指在一行中放置label、input、span,需要整合柵格佈局系統(變種) 和 表單相關內容。

 

標準柵格系統

水平表單中柵格

外層容器

div.container  或

div.container-fluid

form.form-horizontal

div.row

div.form-group

div.col-*-*

div.col-*-*

      

       <form class="form-horizontal ">   <!--.container-->

              <div class="form-group">     <!--.row-->

                <div class="col-*-*>           <!--.col-*-*-->

                     <label class="sr-only"></label>

                </div>

                <div class="col-*-*">

                     <input class="form-control">

                </div>

              </div>

       </form>

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title></title>
  <link href="./css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="./js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/respond.min.js"></script>
  <style>
    .form-horizontal .control-label{
      width:100%;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <h1>全域性css樣式---表單</h1>
    <p>提示:注意h5規範中推薦的表單寫法</p>
    <h3>1.預設表單</h3>
    <form action="">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="uname">使用者名稱:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="uname">
        <span class="help-block">使用者名稱中可以包含數字,字母</span>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="upwd">密碼:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd">
        <span class="help-block">密碼長度在6-12位之間</span>
      </div>

      <!--注意h5規範推薦的複選框和單選框的寫法-->
      <!--SRP:單一責任原則-->
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="checkbox">
          <label>
            <input type="checkbox">七天之內不再登入
          </label>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
        <input class="btn btn-danger" type="button" value="取消">
      </div>
    </form>

    <h3>2.行內表單</h3>
    <form class="form-inline" action="">
      <div class="form-group">
        <!--screen reader only 僅螢幕閱讀器可見-->
        <label class="sr-only" for="uname2">使用者名稱:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="uname2" placeholder="請輸入使用者名稱">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="sr-only" for="upwd2">密碼:</label>
        <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd2" placeholder="請輸入密碼">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
      </div>
    </form>

    <h3>3.水平表單</h3>
    <form class="form-horizontal" action="">
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-2">
          <label class="control-label" for="uname3">使用者名稱:</label>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="uname3">
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <span class="help-block">使用者名稱中可以包含數字,字母</span>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-2">
          <label class="control-label" for="upwd3">密碼:</label>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <input  class="form-control" type="text" id="upwd3">
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-5">
          <span class="help-block">密碼長度在6-12位之間</span>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!--注意h5規範推薦的複選框和單選框的寫法-->
      <!--SRP:單一責任原則-->
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-2">
          <div class="checkbox">
            <label>
              <input type="checkbox">七天之內不再登入
            </label>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-xs-4 col-xs-offset-3">
          <input class="btn btn-success" type="button" value="提交">
          <input class="btn btn-danger" type="button" value="取消">
        </div>
      </div>
    </form>
  </div>
  <script src="./js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/bootstrap.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

練習:如何在輸入框中放置一個對勾、叉號、放大鏡?

 

 

8.Bootstrap第三部分:元件 —— 下拉選單

  下拉選單必需的三級結構:

  <div class="dropdown">

       <a data-toggle="dropdown">觸發元素</a>

       <ul class="dropdown-menu">隱藏的選單</ul>

  </div>

  提示:後面必需引入bootstrap.js,其中會查詢data-toggle="dropdown"元素,為其繫結事件監聽函式。

 

9. Bootstrap第三部分:元件 —— 警告框

  <div class="alert alert-四種顏色 alert-dismissible">

       <span class="close" data-dismiss="alert">&times;</span>

       任意文字內容

  </div>

課後練習:

(1)面試題:Bootstrap為什麼把一行等分為12份?

(2)完成“英特爾中國官網首頁”的內容和佈局

  提示:不用處理字型和顏色相關樣式