一、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握介面定義方法；

(2) 掌握實現介面類的定義要求；

(3) 掌握實現了介面類的使用要求；

(4) 掌握程式回撥設計模式；

(5) 掌握Comparator介面用法；

(6) 掌握物件淺層拷貝與深層拷貝方法；

(7) 掌握Lambda表示式語法；

(8) 瞭解內部類的用途及語法要求。

二、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1： 匯入第6章示例程式，測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。

測試程式1：

編輯、編譯、除錯執行閱讀教材214頁-215頁程式6-1、6-2，理解程式並分析程式執行結果；

在程式中相關程式碼處新增新知識的註釋。

掌握介面的實現用法；

掌握內建介面Compareable的用法。

package interfaces;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of the Comparable interface.
 * @version 1.30 2004-02-27
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EmployeeSortTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Employee[] staff 
 
= new Employee[3];

      staff[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 35000);
      staff[1] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000);
      staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 38000);

      Arrays.sort(staff);

      // 列印所有員工物件的資訊
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
   }
}
 

package interfaces;

public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee>
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;

   public Employee(String name, double salary)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   /**
    * Compares employees by salary
    * @param other another Employee object
    * @return a negative value if this employee has a lower salary than
    * otherObject, 0 if the salaries are the same, a positive value otherwise
    */
   public int compareTo(Employee other)
   {
      return Double.compare(salary, other.salary);
   }
}

測試程式2：

 編輯、編譯、除錯以下程式，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

測試程式3：

     在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材223頁6-3，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

     26行、36行程式碼參閱224頁，詳細內容涉及教材12章。

     在程式中相關程式碼處新增新知識的註釋。

     掌握回撥程式設計模式

package timer;

/**
   @version 1.01 2015-05-12
   @author Cay Horstmann
*/

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer; 
// to resolve conflict with java.util.Timer

public class TimerTest
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter();

      // construct a timer that calls the listener
      // once every 10 seconds
      Timer t = new Timer(10000, listener);
      t.start();

      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);
   }
}

class TimePrinter implements ActionListener
{  
   public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
   {  
      System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date());
      Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();
   }
}

測試程式4：

l 除錯執行教材229頁-231頁程式6-4、6-5，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 在程式中相關程式碼處新增新知識的註釋。

l 掌握物件克隆實現技術；

l 掌握淺拷貝和深拷貝的差別。

/**
 * This program demonstrates cloning.
 * @version 1.10 2002-07-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class CloneTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      try
      {
         Employee original = new Employee("John Q. Public", 50000);
         original.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1);
         Employee copy = original.clone();
         copy.raiseSalary(10);
         copy.setHireDay(2002, 12, 31);
         System.out.println("original=" + original);
         System.out.println("copy=" + copy);
      }
      catch (CloneNotSupportedException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

public class Employee implements Cloneable
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private Date hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = new Date();
   }

   public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
   {
      // call Object.clone()
      Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone();

      // clone mutable fields
      cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone();

      return cloned;
   }

   /**
    * Set the hire day to a given date. 
    * @param year the year of the hire day
    * @param month the month of the hire day
    * @param day the day of the hire day
    */
   public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day)
   {
      Date newHireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime();
      
      // Example of instance field mutation
      hireDay.setTime(newHireDay.getTime());
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   public String toString()
   {
      return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";
   }
}

實驗2： 匯入第6章示例程式6-6，學習Lambda表示式用法。

l 除錯執行教材233頁-234頁程式6-6，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 在程式中相關程式碼處新增新知識的註釋。

l 將27-29行程式碼與教材223頁程式對比，將27-29行程式碼與此程式對比，體會Lambda表示式的優點。

package lambda;

import java.util.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of lambda expressions.
 * @version 1.0 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class LambdaTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      String[] planets = new String[] { "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", 
            "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" };
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets));
      System.out.println("Sorted in dictionary order:");
      Arrays.sort(planets);
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets));
      System.out.println("Sorted by length:");
      Arrays.sort(planets, (first, second) -> first.length() - second.length());
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets));
            
      Timer t = new Timer(1000, event ->
         System.out.println("The time is " + new Date()));
      t.start();   
         
      // keep program running until user selects "Ok"
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);         
   }
}

實驗3: 程式設計練習

l 編制一個程式，將身份證號.txt 中的資訊讀入到記憶體中；

l 按姓名字典序輸出人員資訊；

l 查詢最大年齡的人員資訊；

查詢最小年齡人員資訊；

package Test1;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main{
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("C:\Users:\\身份證號.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                
                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
                
                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province =linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("學生資訊檔案找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("學生資訊檔案讀取錯誤");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        boolean isTrue = true;
        while (isTrue) {
            System.out.println("選擇你的操作，輸入正確格式的選項");
            System.out.println("a.字典排序");
            System.out.println("b.輸出年齡最大和年齡最小的人");
            System.out.println("c.尋找老鄉");
            System.out.println("d.尋找年齡相近的人");
            System.out.println("e.退出");
            String m = scanner.next();
            switch (m) {
            case "a":
                Collections.sort(studentlist);              
                System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
                break;
            case "b":
                 int max=0,min=100;
                 int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;
                 for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++)
                 {
                     j=studentlist.get(i).getage();
                 if(j>max)
                 {
                     max=j; 
                     k1=i;
                 }
                 if(j<min)
                 {
                   min=j; 
                   k2=i;
                 }
                 
                 }  
                 System.out.println("年齡最大："+studentlist.get(k1));
                 System.out.println("年齡最小："+studentlist.get(k2));
                break;
            case "c":
                 System.out.println("老家?");
                 String find = scanner.next();        
                 String place=find.substring(0,3);
                 for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) 
                 {
                     if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) 
                         System.out.println("老鄉"+studentlist.get(i));
                 }             
                 break;
                 
            case "d":
                System.out.println("年齡：");
                int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                int near=agenear(yourage);
                int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage();
                System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));
                break;
            case "e":
                isTrue = false;
                System.out.println("退出程式!");
                break;
                default:
                System.out.println("輸入有誤");

            }
        }
    }
        public static int agenear(int age) {      
        int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0;
         for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)
         {
             value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age;
             if(value<0) value=-value; 
             if (value<min) 
             {
                min=value;
                k=i;
             } 
          }    
         return k;         
      }

}

package Test2;

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

    private String name;
    private String number ;
    private String sex ;
    private int age;
    private String province;
   
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
    public void setsex(String sex ) {
        this.sex =sex ;
    }
    public int getage() {

        return age;
        }
        public void setage(int age) {
            // int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
        this.age= age;
        }

    public String getprovince() {
        return province;
    }
    public void setprovince(String province) {
        this.province=province ;
    }

    public int compareTo(Student o) {
       return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
    }

    public String toString() {
        return  name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";
    }    
}

實驗4：內部類語法驗證實驗

實驗程式1：

l 編輯、除錯執行教材246頁-247頁程式6-7，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

瞭解內部類的基本用法。

package innerClass;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of inner classes.
 * @version 1.11 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class InnerClassTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(1000, true);
      clock.start();

      // keep program running until user selects "Ok"
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);
   }
}

/**
 * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals.
 */
class TalkingClock
{
   private int interval;
   private boolean beep;

   /**
    * Constructs a talking clock
    * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds)
    * @param beep true if the clock should beep
    */
   public TalkingClock(int interval, boolean beep)
   {
      this.interval = interval;
      this.beep = beep;
   }

   /**
    * Starts the clock.
    */
   public void start()
   {
      ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter();
      Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener);
      t.start();
   }

   public class TimePrinter implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date());
         if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();
      }
   }
}

實驗程式2：

l 編輯、除錯執行教材254頁程式6-8，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 瞭解匿名內部類的用法。

package anonymouslnnerClass;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * This program demonstrates anonymous inner classes.
 * @version 1.11 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class AnonymousInnerClassTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock();
      clock.start(1000, true);

      // keep program running until user selects "Ok"
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);
   }
}

/**
 * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals.
 */
class TalkingClock
{
   /**
    * Starts the clock.
    * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds)
    * @param beep true if the clock should beep
    */
   public void start(int interval, boolean beep)
   {
      ActionListener listener = new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date());
               if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();
            }
         };
      Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener);
      t.start();
   }
}

實驗程式3：

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材257頁-258頁程式6-9，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 瞭解靜態內部類的用法。

package staticInnerClass;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of static inner classes.
 * @version 1.02 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class StaticInnerClassTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      double[] d = new double[20];
      for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
         d[i] = 100 * Math.random();
      ArrayAlg.Pair p = ArrayAlg.minmax(d);
      System.out.println("min = " + p.getFirst());
      System.out.println("max = " + p.getSecond());
   }
}

class ArrayAlg
{
   /**
    * A pair of floating-point numbers
    */
   public static class Pair
   {
      private double first;
      private double second;

      /**
       * Constructs a pair from two floating-point numbers
       * @param f the first number
       * @param s the second number
       */
      public Pair(double f, double s)
      {
         first = f;
         second = s;
      }

      /**
       * Returns the first number of the pair
       * @return the first number
       */
      public double getFirst()
      {
         return first;
      }

      /**
       * Returns the second number of the pair
       * @return the second number
       */
      public double getSecond()
      {
         return second;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Computes both the minimum and the maximum of an array
    * @param values an array of floating-point numbers
    * @return a pair whose first element is the minimum and whose second element
    * is the maximum
    */
   public static Pair minmax(double[] values)
   {
      double min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
      double max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
      for (double v : values)
      {
         if (min > v) min = v;
         if (max < v) max = v;
      }
      return new Pair(min, max);
   }
}

實驗總結

　　通過本章的學習，我瞭解了掌握介面定義方法；實現介面類的定義要求；實現了介面類的使用要求；程式回撥設計模式；Comparator介面用法；物件淺層拷貝與深層拷貝方法；Lambda表示式語法；內部類的用途及語法要求。我還發現讀程式碼有助於我這個階段的學習。但是我感覺本章內容我只是粗劣瞭解，還不能完全理解，後面我會查閱資料，進行更進一步的學習。