過濾器模式

定義

過濾器模式（Filter Pattern）或標準模式（CriteriaPattern）是一種設計模式，這種模式允許開發人員使用不同的標準來過濾一組物件，通過邏輯運算以解耦的方式把它們連線起來。這種型別的設計模式屬於結構型模式，它結合多個標準來獲得單一標準。

程式碼示例

這個程式碼示例隨大眾，建立一個 Person 物件、Criteria 介面和實現了該介面的實體類，來過濾 Person 物件的列表。CriteriaPatternDemo，我們的演示類使用 Criteria 物件，基於各種標準和它們的結合來過濾 Person 物件的列表。

1.建立一個類，在該類上應用標準

Person.java

public class Person {
   
   private String name;
   private String gender;
   private String maritalStatus;
 
   public Person(String name,String gender,String maritalStatus){
      this.name = name;
      this.gender = gender;
      this.maritalStatus = maritalStatus;    
   }
 
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public String getGender() {
      return gender;
   }
   public String getMaritalStatus() {
      return maritalStatus;
   }  
}
 

2.為標準（Criteria）建立一個介面

Criteria.java

import java.util.List;
 
public interface Criteria {
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons);
}

3.建立實現了 Criteria 介面的實體類

CriteriaMale.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaMale implements Criteria {
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> malePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); 
      for (Person person : persons) {
         if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("MALE")){
            malePersons.add(person);
         }
      }
      return malePersons;
   }
}
 

CriteriaFemale.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaFemale implements Criteria {
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> femalePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); 
      for (Person person : persons) {
         if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("FEMALE")){
            femalePersons.add(person);
         }
      }
      return femalePersons;
   }
}

CriteriaSingle.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaSingle implements Criteria {
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> singlePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); 
      for (Person person : persons) {
         if(person.getMaritalStatus().equalsIgnoreCase("SINGLE")){
            singlePersons.add(person);
         }
      }
      return singlePersons;
   }
}

AndCriteria.java

import java.util.List;
 
public class AndCriteria implements Criteria {
 
   private Criteria criteria;
   private Criteria otherCriteria;
 
   public AndCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
      this.criteria = criteria;
      this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria; 
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> firstCriteriaPersons = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);     
      return otherCriteria.meetCriteria(firstCriteriaPersons);
   }
}

OrCriteria.java

import java.util.List;
 
public class OrCriteria implements Criteria {
 
   private Criteria criteria;
   private Criteria otherCriteria;
 
   public OrCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
      this.criteria = criteria;
      this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria; 
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> firstCriteriaItems = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);
      List<Person> otherCriteriaItems = otherCriteria.meetCriteria(persons);
 
      for (Person person : otherCriteriaItems) {
         if(!firstCriteriaItems.contains(person)){
           firstCriteriaItems.add(person);
         }
      }  
      return firstCriteriaItems;
   }
}

4.使用不同的標準（Criteria）和它們的結合來過濾 Person 物件的列表

import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
 
      persons.add(new Person("Robert","Male", "Single"));
      persons.add(new Person("John","Male", "Married"));
      persons.add(new Person("Laura","Female", "Married"));
      persons.add(new Person("Diana","Female", "Single"));
      persons.add(new Person("Mike","Male", "Single"));
      persons.add(new Person("Bobby","Male", "Single"));
 
      Criteria male = new CriteriaMale();
      Criteria female = new CriteriaFemale();
      Criteria single = new CriteriaSingle();
      Criteria singleMale = new AndCriteria(single, male);
      Criteria singleOrFemale = new OrCriteria(single, female);
 
      System.out.println("Males: ");
      printPersons(male.meetCriteria(persons));
 
      System.out.println("\nFemales: ");
      printPersons(female.meetCriteria(persons));
 
      System.out.println("\nSingle Males: ");
      printPersons(singleMale.meetCriteria(persons));
 
      System.out.println("\nSingle Or Females: ");
      printPersons(singleOrFemale.meetCriteria(persons));
   }
 
   public static void printPersons(List<Person> persons){
      for (Person person : persons) {
         System.out.println("Person : [ Name : " + person.getName() 
            +", Gender : " + person.getGender() 
            +", Marital Status : " + person.getMaritalStatus()
            +" ]");
      }
   }      
}

5.執行程式，檢視結果

Males: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : John, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Married ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]

Females: 
Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]
Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ]

Single Males: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]

Single Or Females: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]