STM32F429 使用 TCS34725 顏色感測器的驅動程式
用到了 TCS34725 顏色感測器，網上百度一圈都沒有發現驅動程式，自己照著 Arduino 的程式和資料手冊寫了下，記錄一下 (～￣▽￣)～
第一步，先來看看資料手冊，瞭解到 TCS34725 是 I²C 器件，那就好辦了，根據以前寫的 I²C 驅動改一改就好啦 b(￣▽￣)d（具體程式碼貼在後邊）。
Communication of the TCS3472 data is accomplished over a fast, up to 400 kHz, two-wire I²C serial bus. The industry standard I²C bus facilitates easy, direct connection to microcontrollers and embedded processors.
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然後幹嘛嘞？當然是找器件地址和暫存器地址啦，繼續翻手冊…(⊙＿⊙；)…
找到 TCS34725 地址為 0x29 ，各個暫存器的地址如下：
到這裡，發現這貨不僅器件地址是奇數，而且還有個沒有地址的 COMMAND 暫存器，嗯，隱隱感覺肯定有個坑在這裡 ヾ(。￣□￣)ﾂ゜゜゜
接下來就可以著手寫程式啦 (o゜▽゜)o☆
首先定義一下用到的引腳：
/*********************************
*TCS34725相關巨集定義
*********************************/
#define TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM 0
#define TCS_SDA_PIN GPIO_PIN_0
#define TCS_SDA_GPIO GPIOI
#define TCS_SCL_PIN GPIO_PIN_1
#define TCS_SCL_GPIO GPIOI
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然後把之前寫的 I²C 驅動程式粘過來改一下(＾－＾)V
//IO方向設定
#define TCS_SDA_DIR_IN()
{TCS_SDA_GPIO->MODER&=~(3<<(TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2));TCS_SDA_GPIO>MODER|=0<<TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2;}//輸入模式
#define TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT()
{TCS_SDA_GPIO->MODER&=~(3<<(TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2));TCS_SDA_GPIO>MODER|=1<<TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2;}//輸出模式
#define TCS_SDA_READ HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN)
#define TCS_SDA_SET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TCS_SDA_RESET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define TCS_SCL_SET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SCL_GPIO, TCS_SCL_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TCS_SCL_RESET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SCL_GPIO, TCS_SCL_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
//TCS34725 I2C初始化
void TCS34725_I2C_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Initure;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOI_CLK_ENABLE(); //使能GPIOI時鐘
GPIO_Initure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; //推輓輸出
GPIO_Initure.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; //上拉
GPIO_Initure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST; //快速
GPIO_Initure.Pin = TCS_SDA_PIN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TCS_SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_Initure);
GPIO_Initure.Pin = TCS_SCL_PIN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TCS_SCL_GPIO, &GPIO_Initure);
TCS_SDA_SET;
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_ms(10);
}
//產生I2C起始訊號
void TCS34725_I2C_Start()
{
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda線輸出
TCS_SDA_SET;
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(4);
TCS_SDA_RESET;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_RESET;//鉗住I2C匯流排，準備傳送或接收資料
}
//產生I2C停止訊號
void TCS34725_I2C_Stop()
{
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda線輸出
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_RESET;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_SET;
TCS_SDA_SET;//傳送I2C匯流排結束訊號
delay_us(4);
}
//等待應答訊號到來
//返回值：1，接收應答失敗
// 0，接收應答成功
uint8_t TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK()
{
uint8_t timeOut = 0;
TCS_SDA_DIR_IN();//SDA設定為輸入
TCS_SDA_SET; delay_us(1);
TCS_SCL_SET; delay_us(1);
while(TCS_SDA_READ)
{
timeOut++;
if(timeOut > 250)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
TCS_SCL_RESET;//時鐘輸出0
return 0;
}
//產生ACK應答
void TCS34725_I2C_ACK()
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda線輸出
TCS_SDA_RESET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
}
//不產生ACK應答
void TCS34725_I2C_NACK()
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda線輸出
TCS_SDA_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
}
//I2C傳送一個位元組
void TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(uint8_t byte)
{
uint8_t i = 0;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda線輸出
TCS_SCL_RESET;//拉低時鐘開始資料傳輸
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
((byte & 0x80) >> 7) == 0x01 ? TCS_SDA_SET : TCS_SDA_RESET;
byte <<= 1;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
delay_us(2);
}
}
//讀1個位元組，ack=1時，傳送ACK，ack=0，傳送nACK
uint8_t TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(uint8_t ack)
{
uint8_t i,receive = 0;
TCS_SDA_DIR_IN();
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
receive <<= 1;
if(TCS_SDA_READ) receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack) TCS34725_I2C_NACK();//傳送nACK
else TCS34725_I2C_ACK(); //傳送ACK
return receive;
}
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OK，以上就是最基本 I²C 的驅動程式，下邊就到了第一個重點啦(～￣▽￣)～，也就是為毛這貨的器件地址是個奇數，我們知道 I²C 的從機地址是 8 bit ，前 7 bit 是器件地址，最後 1 bit 代表是讀操作（1）還是寫操作（0），所以一般來說器件地址應該是偶數。但是，有的廠家給的地址是低 7 bit （例如這貨），所以就會出現奇數的情況，這樣就需要給它左移 1 bit 。
好了，地址的問題解決了，就可以寫讀操作和寫操作的程式了
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Writes data to a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to write.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
* Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
* 1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Write(uint8_t slaveAddress,
uint8_t* dataBuffer,
uint8_t bytesNumber,
uint8_t stopBit)
{
unsigned char i = 0;
TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x00); //傳送從機地址寫命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(*(dataBuffer + i));
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Reads data from a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to read.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
* Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
* 1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Read(uint8_t slaveAddress,
uint8_t* dataBuffer,
uint8_t bytesNumber,
uint8_t stopBit)
{
unsigned char i = 0;
TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x01); //傳送從機地址讀命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
if(i == bytesNumber - 1)
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(0);//讀取的最後一個位元組傳送NACK
}
else
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(1);
}
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}
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基本驅動通訊搞定，接下來就給跟它嘮嘮嗑兒了，先定義一下暗號 (๑≧∀≦๑) ，暗號摘自 Arduino 下的驅動程式檔案。
#define TCS34725_ADDRESS (0x29)
#define TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT (0x80)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE (0x00)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN (0x10) /* RGBC Interrupt Enable */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN (0x08) /* Wait enable - Writing 1 activates the wait timer */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN (0x02) /* RGBC Enable - Writing 1 actives the ADC, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_PON (0x01) /* Power on - Writing 1 activates the internal oscillator, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ATIME (0x01) /* Integration time */
#define TCS34725_WTIME (0x03) /* Wait time (if TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN is asserted) */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_2_4MS (0xFF) /* WLONG0 = 2.4ms WLONG1 = 0.029s */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_204MS (0xAB) /* WLONG0 = 204ms WLONG1 = 2.45s */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_614MS (0x00) /* WLONG0 = 614ms WLONG1 = 7.4s */
#define TCS34725_AILTL (0x04) /* Clear channel lower interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AILTH (0x05)
#define TCS34725_AIHTL (0x06) /* Clear channel upper interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AIHTH (0x07)
#define TCS34725_PERS (0x0C) /* Persistence register - basic SW filtering mechanism for interrupts */
#define TCS34725_PERS_NONE (0b0000) /* Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_1_CYCLE (0b0001) /* 1 clean channel value outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_2_CYCLE (0b0010) /* 2 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_3_CYCLE (0b0011) /* 3 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_5_CYCLE (0b0100) /* 5 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_10_CYCLE (0b0101) /* 10 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_15_CYCLE (0b0110) /* 15 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_20_CYCLE (0b0111) /* 20 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_25_CYCLE (0b1000) /* 25 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_30_CYCLE (0b1001) /* 30 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_35_CYCLE (0b1010) /* 35 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_40_CYCLE (0b1011) /* 40 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_45_CYCLE (0b1100) /* 45 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_50_CYCLE (0b1101) /* 50 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_55_CYCLE (0b1110) /* 55 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_60_CYCLE (0b1111) /* 60 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_CONFIG (0x0D)
#define TCS34725_CONFIG_WLONG (0x02) /* Choose between short and long (12x) wait times via TCS34725_WTIME */
#define TCS34725_CONTROL (0x0F) /* Set the gain level for the sensor */
#define TCS34725_ID (0x12) /* 0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 */
#define TCS34725_STATUS (0x13)
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AINT (0x10) /* RGBC Clean channel interrupt */
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID (0x01) /* Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle */
#define TCS34725_CDATAL (0x14) /* Clear channel data */
#define TCS34725_CDATAH (0x15)
#define TCS34725_RDATAL (0x16) /* Red channel data */
#define TCS34725_RDATAH (0x17)
#define TCS34725_GDATAL (0x18) /* Green channel data */
#define TCS34725_GDATAH (0x19)
#define TCS34725_BDATAL (0x1A) /* Blue channel data */
#define TCS34725_BDATAH (0x1B)
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_2_4MS 0xFF /**< 2.4ms - 1 cycle - Max Count: 1024 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS 0xF6 /**< 24ms - 10 cycles - Max Count: 10240 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS 0xEB /**< 50ms - 20 cycles - Max Count: 20480 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS 0xD5 /**< 101ms - 42 cycles - Max Count: 43008 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_154MS 0xC0 /**< 154ms - 64 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS 0x9C /**< 240ms - 100 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_700MS 0x00 /**< 700ms - 256 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_1X 0x00 /**< No gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_4X 0x01 /**< 4x gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_16X 0x02 /**< 16x gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_60X 0x03 /**< 60x gain */
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發現其中有個 TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT ，而且發現 Arduino 程式碼中只要傳送暫存器地址的地方都有它 (๑°ㅁ°๑)‼，此處必有蹊蹺！翻開我們的葵花寶典，啊不，是資料手冊，居然發現了這個！
寶典告訴我們，若要定址，此 bit 必須置 1 ，也就是說我們在傳送需要操作的暫存器地址時，必需要將 MSB 置為 1 。怪不得你丫兒沒地址，原來哪都有你 (°ー°〃)
知道了這個就好辦了，我們先封裝一下基本的讀寫操作
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Writes data into TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
* register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be sent.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Write(unsigned char subAddr, unsigned char* dataBuffer, unsigned char bytesNumber)
{
unsigned char sendBuffer[10] = {0, };
unsigned char byte = 0;
sendBuffer[0] = subAddr | TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
for(byte = 1; byte <= bytesNumber; byte++)
{
sendBuffer[byte] = dataBuffer[byte - 1];
}
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, sendBuffer, bytesNumber + 1, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Reads data from TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
* register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be read.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Read(unsigned char subAddr, unsigned char* dataBuffer, unsigned char bytesNumber)
{
subAddr |= TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, (unsigned char*)&subAddr, 1, 0);
TCS34725_I2C_Read(TCS34725_ADDRESS, dataBuffer, bytesNumber, 1);
}
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接下來就可以根據寶典裡對各個暫存器的說明來程式設計了，我就寫了我用到的幾個功能 (๑・ิ-・ิ๑) ，各位看官有需要可以自己補充。廢話不多說，上程式碼：
TCS34725 的 ID 是 0x44 可以根據這個來判斷是否成功連線。
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725初始化
*
* @return ID - ID暫存器中的值
*******************************************************************************/
unsigned char TCS34725_Init(void)
{
unsigned char status[1] = {0};
TCS34725_I2C_Init();
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ID, status, 1);
return status[0];
}
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兩個個主要設定，設定積分時間（ATIME 暫存器）和增益（CONTROL 暫存器）。這個直接和最後獲取到的資料相關，積分時間越長，增益越大，最後獲得值越大，需要根據實際應用情況進行設定。
積分時間的計算如下文所示：
The actual time can be calculated as follows:
ATIME = 256 − Integration Time / 2.4 ms
Inversely, the time can be calculated from the register value as follows:
Integration Time = 2.4 ms × (256 − ATIME)
For example, if a 100-ms integration time is needed, the device needs to be programmed to:
256 − (100 / 2.4) = 256 − 42 = 214 = 0xD6
Conversely, the programmed value of 0xC0 would correspond to:
(256 − 0xC0) × 2.4 = 64 × 2.4 = 154 ms.
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/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725設定積分時間
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(uint8_t time)
{
unsigned char cmd = time;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ATIME, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725設定增益
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetGain(uint8_t gain)
{
unsigned char cmd = gain;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_CONTROL, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725設定暫存器
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Setup(void)
{
TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS);
TCS34725_SetGain(TCS34725_GAIN_4X);
}
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器件上電後預設是在睡覺（Sleep 模式），得踹一腳（Enable）才醒（Idle 模式），然後告訴它是等一會幹活還是馬上滾去幹活 (╯﹏╰)b
我這裡讓它直接幹活去了，注意從 Idle 模式退出後，需要 2.4 ms 的時間來進行 RGBC 初始化，所以給個 3 ms 的延時就可以了。幹完一次活後，如果不讓它回去睡覺（Disable），就會自動繼續幹活，開始一個新的迴圈。
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725使能
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Enable(void)
{
unsigned char cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
delay_ms(3);
cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725失能
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Disable(void)
{
unsigned char cmd = 0x00;
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
cmd = cmd & ~(TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN);
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
}
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然後我們就可以拿到轉換資料了，這裡我根據自己的需要對 Arduino 的程式碼做了些修改
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725獲取單個通道資料
*
* @return data - 該通道的轉換值
*******************************************************************************/
uint16_t TCS34725_GetChannelData(unsigned char reg)
{
unsigned char tmp[2] = {0,0};
uint16_t data = 0;
TCS34725_Read(reg, tmp, 2);
data = ((uint16_t)tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];
return data;
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725獲取各個通道資料
*
* @return 1 - 轉換完成，資料可用
* 0 - 轉換未完成，資料不可用
*******************************************************************************/
uint8_t TCS34725_GetRawData(uint16_t *r, uint16_t *g, uint16_t *b, uint16_t *c)
{
unsigned char status[1] = {0};
status[0] = TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID;
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_STATUS, status, 1);
if(status[0] & TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID)
{
*c = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_CDATAL);
*r = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_RDATAL);
*g = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_GDATAL);
*b = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_BDATAL);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
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好了，到這裡 TCS34725 的驅動程式就完成啦ヽ(=^･ω･^=)丿
---------------------
作者：曉風-楊柳
來源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/luo_5458/article/details/77993286
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