報錯如下所示：

私以為是配置檔案出現問題了。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx
 
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
      "
 
>

    <!-- 配置c3p0連線池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 注入屬性值 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///spring_day04"
 
></property>
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value=""></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- sessionFactory的建立交給spring管理 -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定使用hibernate核心配置檔案中，沒有資料庫配置，資料庫配置在spring裡面配置，注入dataSource -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>

        <!-- 指定使用hibernate核心配置檔案 -->
        <!-- <property name="configLocations" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> -->

        <!-- 配置hibernate基本資訊 -->
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

        <!-- 配置對映檔案引入 -->
        <property name="mappingResources">
            <list>
                <value>cn/itcast/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>

    </bean>

    <!-- 第一步 配置事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入sessionFactory -->
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二步 開啟事務註解 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

    <!-- 配置action物件 -->
    <bean id="userAction" class="cn.itcast.action.UserAction" scope="prototype">
        <!-- 注入service -->
        <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 建立service物件 -->
    <bean id="userService" class="cn.itcast.service.UserService">
        <!-- 注入dao 介面 = 實現類物件 -->
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoImpl">
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 建立實現類物件 -->
    <bean id="userDaoImpl" class="cn.itcast.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 建立hibernateTemplate物件 -->
    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate">
        <!-- 注入sessionFactory -->
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

 專案中的index.jsp可以載入。

但是不知為何當配置檔案變成下面的樣子時，程式就正常運行了。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
      ">

    <!-- 配置c3p0連線池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 注入屬性值 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///spring_day04"></property>
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value=""></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- sessionFactory的建立交給spring管理 -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定使用hibernate核心配置檔案中，沒有資料庫配置，資料庫配置在spring裡面配置，注入dataSource -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>

        <!-- 指定使用hibernate核心配置檔案 -->
        <!-- <property name="configLocations" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> -->
        <!-- 配置hibernate基本資訊 -->
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

        <!-- 配置對映檔案引入 -->
        <property name="mappingResources">
            <list>
                <value>cn/itcast/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        
    </bean>

    <!-- 第一步 配置事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入sessionFactory -->
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 第二步 開啟事務註解 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <!-- 配置action物件 -->
    <!-- <bean id="userAction" class="cn.itcast.action.UserAction" scope="prototype">
        注入service
        <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
    </bean>

    建立service物件
    <bean id="userService" class="cn.itcast.service.UserService">
        注入dao 介面 = 實現類物件
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoImpl">
        </property>
    </bean>

    建立實現類物件
    <bean id="userDaoImpl" class="cn.itcast.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"></property>
    </bean>

    建立hibernateTemplate物件
    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate">
        注入sessionFactory
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">
        </property>
    </bean> -->
    
    <!-- 引入其他spring配置檔案 -->
    <import resource="classpath:user.xml"/>

</beans>