Linux系統擴容根目錄磁碟空間的操作方法
一、使用背景
Linux根目錄磁碟空間不夠用了,當修改了虛擬機器模版增加磁碟大小或者插入了一塊新硬碟,但是發現系統裡的大小還是沒改變。
產生的原因是沒有給磁碟格式化,沒有增加分割槽。
二、操作方法
1.檢視磁碟空間大小,使用df -h 命令,發現掛載根目錄節點的/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 只有7.1G容量。
[[email protected] ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 18G 9.3G 7.1G 57% / tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 42M 411M 10% /boot
2.增加磁碟空間,例如下圖使用VM虛擬機器增加的方式。
3.使用fdisk -l命令檢視磁碟資訊。當看到第一行Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB與實際df -h顯示內容不符時,說明增加磁碟成功了。
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00092cf6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
4.使用fdisk /dev/sda, 建立新分割槽。
注意:不同作業系統的磁碟命名方式不同,有些是/dev/vda。具體使用方式參考第三步中fdisk -l首行顯示Disk。如筆者在該系統中首行顯示為Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes ,故使用命令fdisk /dev/sda)
按照下面Linux操作進行分割槽。
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vda 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助): m 命令操作 a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助): n #new 新分割槽 Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): p #選擇主分割槽 分割槽號 (1-4,預設為 3): 3 #分割槽序號 起始 sector (499712-314572799,預設為 499712): #分割槽開始回車預設 將使用預設值 499712 Last sector, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,預設為 501757): 將使用預設值 501757 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助): n #new 新分割槽 Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): p #選擇主分割槽 Selected partition 4 #分割槽序號 起始 sector (62912512-314572799,預設為 62912512): #分割槽開始回車預設 將使用預設值 62912512 Last sector, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,預設為 314572799): 將使用預設值 314572799 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助): t #修改分割槽格式 分割槽號 (1-5): 4 #修改分割槽號 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式選擇8e linux LVM Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM) 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助): p #顯示分割槽資訊 Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001a023 裝置 啟動 起點 終點 塊數 Id 系統 /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 擴充套件 /dev/sda3 499712 501757 1023 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助): w #儲存資訊 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 裝置或資源忙. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
5.重啟Linux作業系統,使用reboot命令。
6.建立物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/sda3命令。
[[email protected] dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
7.檢視新建的物理卷和大小,使用pvdisplay命令。
[[email protected] dev]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_node003
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID UC4j5m-rJO4-DroW-E92L-n5Vj-SU0U-PJyfJf
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 30.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nng8Gx-51fP-DIBH-YeF4-Sw7B-S0jQ-oGXfpa
8.將新增新的物理卷,載入到vg_node003卷組,使用vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3命令。
[[email protected] dev]# vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_node003" successfully extended
9.檢視卷組資訊,使用vgdisplay命令。
[[email protected] dev]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_node003
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 49.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12673
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 7679 / 30.00 GiB
VG UUID v37e5T-4iPX-olm0-Claw-8EfO-axHf-evCAfc
10.增加vg_node003大小,增加30G。使用lvresize -L +30G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。
注:vg_node003-lv_root在/dev/mapper裡面檢視
[[email protected] mapper]# lvresize -L +29.99G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 29.99 GiB
Size of logical volume vg_node003/lv_root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 47.50 GiB (12160 extents).
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
11.重新識別vg_node003大小,使用resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。
[[email protected] mapper]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root to 12451840 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is now 12451840 blocks long.
12.檢視擴容後的大小 ,使用df -h命令。
[[email protected] mapper]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 47G 9.3G 36G 21% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 42M 411M 10% /boot
當看到/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 已經更新到新的大小時,則表示增加成功。
三、總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Linux系統擴容根目錄磁碟空間的操作方法,希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回覆大家的。