經典Sql面試題收集！！
1.用一條SQL語句 查詢出每門課都大於80分的學生姓名
name kecheng fenshu
張三 語文 81
張三 數學 75
李四 語文 76
李四 數學 90
王五 語文 81
王五 數學 100
王五 英語 90
A: select distinct name from table where name not in (select distinct name from table where fenshu<=80)
2.學生表 如下:
自動編號 學號 姓名 課程編號 課程名稱 分數
1 2005001 張三 0001 數學 69
2 2005002 李四 0001 數學 89
3 2005001 張三 0001 數學 69
刪除除了自動編號不同,其他都相同的學生冗餘資訊
A: delete tablename where 自動編號 not in(select min(自動編號) from tablename group by 學號,姓名,課程編號,課程名稱,分數)
一個叫department的表，裡面只有一個欄位name,一共有4條紀錄，分別是a,b,c,d,對應四個球對，現在四個球對進行比賽，用一條sql語句顯示所有可能的比賽組合.
你先按你自己的想法做一下，看結果有我的這個簡單嗎？
答：select a.name, b.name
from team a, team b
where a.name < b.name
請用SQL語句實現：從TestDB資料表中查詢出所有月份的發生額都比101科目相應月份的發生額高的科目。請注意：TestDB中有很多科目，都有1－12月份的發生額。
AccID：科目程式碼，Occmonth：發生額月份，DebitOccur：發生額。
資料庫名：JcyAudit，資料集：Select * from TestDB
答：select a.*
from TestDB a
,(select Occmonth,max(DebitOccur) Debit101ccur from TestDB where AccID='101' group by Occmonth) b
where a.Occmonth=b.Occmonth and a.DebitOccur>b.Debit101ccur
************************************************************************************
3.面試題：怎麼把這樣一個表兒
year month amount
1991 1 1.1
1991 2 1.2
1991 3 1.3
1991 4 1.4
1992 1 2.1
1992 2 2.2
1992 3 2.3
1992 4 2.4
查成這樣一個結果
year m1 m2 m3 m4
1991 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
1992 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
答案一、
select year,
(select amount from aaa m where month=1 and m.year=aaa.year) as m1,
(select amount from aaa m where month=2 and m.year=aaa.year) as m2,
(select amount from aaa m where month=3 and m.year=aaa.year) as m3,
(select amount from aaa m where month=4 and m.year=aaa.year) as m4
from aaa group by year
這個是ORACLE 中做的：
select * from (select name, year b1, lead(year) over
(partition by name order by year) b2, lead(m,2) over(partition by name order by year) b3,rank()over(
partition by name order by year) rk from t) where rk=1;
4.一個SQL 面試題
題為:
有兩個表, t1, t2,
Table t1:
SELLER | NON_SELLER
----- -----
A B
A C
A D
B A
B C
B D
C A
C B
C D
D A
D B
D C
Table t2:
SELLER | COUPON | BAL
----- --------- ---------
A 9 100
B 9 200
C 9 300
D 9 400
A 9.5 100
B 9.5 20
A 10 80
要求用SELECT 語句列出如下結果:------如A的SUM(BAL)為B,C,D的和,B的SUM(BAL)為A,C,D的和.......
且用的方法不要增加資料庫負擔,如用臨時表等.
NON-SELLER| COUPON | SUM(BAL) ------- --------
A 9 900
B 9 800
C 9 700
D 9 600
A 9.5 20
B 9.5 100
C 9.5 120
D 9.5 120
A 10 0
B 10 80
C 10 80
D 10 80
select N.non_seller,N.coupon ,(select sum(bal) from t2 where seller <>N.non_seller and coupon=N.coupon) "sum(bal)"
from( select A.non_seller,B.coupon from( select non_seller from t1 group by non_seller order by non_seller)A inner join
( select coupon from t2 group by coupon order by coupon)B on 1=1
)N
本人驗證了是正確的
************************************************************************************
精妙的SQL語句！
精妙SQL語句
作者：不詳 發文時間：2003.05.29 10:55:05
說明：複製表(只複製結構,源表名：a 新表名：b)
SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1
說明：拷貝表(拷貝資料,源表名：a 目標表名：b)
SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
說明：顯示文章、提交人和最後回覆時間
SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
說明：外連線查詢(表名1：a 表名2：b)
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
說明：日程安排提前五分鐘提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f開始時間,getdate())>5
說明：兩張關聯表，刪除主表中已經在副表中沒有的資訊
SQL:
delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )
說明：--
SQL:
SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM TABLE1,
(SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
(SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') ¦¦ '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y,
WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+）
AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
說明：--
SQL:
select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and系名稱='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 專業名稱='"&strprofessionname&"' order by 性別,生源地,高考總成績
說明：
從資料庫中去一年的各單位電話費統計(電話費定額賀電化肥清單兩個表來源）
SQL:
SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
說明：四表聯查問題：
SQL: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
說明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID號
SQL:
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
FROM Handle
WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)
*******************************************************************************
有兩個表A和B，均有key和value兩個欄位，如果B的key在A中也有，就把B的value換為A中對應的value
這道題的SQL語句怎麼寫？
update b set b.value=(select a.value from a where a.key=b.key) where b.id in(select b.id from b,a where b.key=a.key);
***************************************************************************
高階sql面試題
原表:
courseid coursename score
-------------------------------------
1 java 70
2 oracle 90
3 xml 40
4 jsp 30
5 servlet 80
-------------------------------------
為了便於閱讀,查詢此表後的結果顯式如下(及格分數為60):
courseid coursename score mark
---------------------------------------------------
1 java 70 pass
2 oracle 90 pass
3 xml 40 fail
4 jsp 30 fail
5 servlet 80 pass
---------------------------------------------------
寫出此查詢語句
沒有裝ＯＲＡＣＬＥ，沒試過
select courseid, coursename ,score ,decode（sign(score-60),-1,'fail','pass') as mark from course
完全正確
SQL> desc course_v
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
COURSEID NUMBER
COURSENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SCORE NUMBER
SQL> select * from course_v;
COURSEID COURSENAME SCORE
---------- ---------- ----------
1 java 70
2 oracle 90
3 xml 40
4 jsp 30
5 servlet 80
SQL> select courseid, coursename ,score ,decode(sign(score-60),-1,'fail','pass') as mark from course_v;
COURSEID COURSENAME SCORE MARK
---------- ---------- ---------- ----
1 java 70 pass
2 oracle 90 pass
3 xml 40 fail
4 jsp 30 fail
5 servlet 80 pass
*******************************************************************************
原表:
id proid proname
1 1 M
1 2 F
2 1 N
2 2 G
3 1 B
3 2 A
查詢後的表:
id pro1 pro2
1 M F
2 N G
3 B A
寫出查詢語句
解決方案
sql求解
表a
列 a1 a2
記錄 1 a
1 b
2 x
2 y
2 z
用select能選成以下結果嗎？
1 ab
2 xyz
*******************************************************************************
關於論壇上那個SQL微軟面試題
問題：
一百個賬戶各有100$，某個賬戶某天如有支出則新增一條新記錄，記錄其餘額。一百天後，請輸出每天所有賬戶的餘額資訊
這個問題的難點在於每個使用者在某天可能有多條紀錄，也可能一條紀錄也沒有（不包括第一天）
返回的記錄集是一個100天*100個使用者的紀錄集
下面是我的思路：
1.建立表並插入測試資料：我們要求username從1-100
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TABLE2] (
[username] [varchar] (50) NOT NULL , --使用者名稱
[outdate] [datetime] NOT NULL , --日期
[cash] [float] NOT NULL --餘額
) ON [PRIMARY
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<=100
begin
insert table2 values(convert(varchar(50),@i),'2001-10-1',100)
insert table2 values(convert(varchar(50),@i),'2001-11-1',50)
set @[email protected]+1
end
insert table2 values(convert(varchar(50),@i),'2001-10-1',90)
select * from table2 order by outdate,convert(int,username)
2.組合查詢語句：
a.我們必須返回一個從第一天開始到100天的紀錄集：
如：2001-10-1（這個日期是任意的）到 2002-1-8
由於第一天是任意一天，所以我們需要下面的SQL語句：
select top 100 dateadd(d,convert(int,username)-1,min(outdate)) as outdate
from table2
group by username
order by convert(int,username)
這裡的奧妙在於：
convert(int,username)-1（記得我們指定使用者名稱從1-100 :-))
group by username,min(outdate):第一天就可能每個使用者有多個紀錄。
返回的結果：
outdate
------------------------------------------------------
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000
.........
2002-01-08 00:00:00.000
b.返回一個所有使用者名稱的紀錄集：
select distinct username from table2
返回結果：
username
--------------------------------------------------
1
10
100
......
99
c.返回一個100天記錄集和100個使用者記錄集的笛卡爾集合：
select * from
(
select top 100 dateadd(d,convert(int,username)-1,min(outdate)) as outdate
from table2
group by username
order by convert(int,username)
) as A
CROSS join
(
select distinct username from table2
) as B
order by outdate,convert(int,username)
返回結果100*100條紀錄：
outdate username
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000 1
......
2002-01-08 00:00:00.000 100
d.返回當前所有使用者在資料庫的有的紀錄：
select outdate,username,min(cash) as cash from table2
group by outdate,username
order by outdate,convert(int,username)
返回紀錄：
outdate username cash
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000 1 90
......
2002-01-08 00:00:00.000 100 50
e.將c中返回的笛卡爾集和d中返回的紀錄做left join:
select C.outdate,C.username,
D.cash
from
(
select * from
(
select top 100 dateadd(d,convert(int,username)-1,min(outdate)) as outdate
from table2
group by username
order by convert(int,username)
) as A
CROSS join
(
select distinct username from table2
) as B
) as C
left join
(
select outdate,username,min(cash) as cash from table2
group by outdate,username
) as D
on(C.username=D.username and datediff(d,C.outdate,D.outdate)=0)
order by C.outdate,convert(int,C.username)
注意：使用者在當天如果沒有紀錄，cash欄位返回NULL，否則cash返回每個使用者當天的餘額
outdate username cash
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000 1 90
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000 2 100
......
2001-10-02 00:00:00.000 1 90
2001-10-02 00:00:00.000 2 NULL <--注意這裡
......
2002-01-08 00:00:00.000 100 50
f.好了，現在我們最後要做的就是，如果cash為NULL，我們要返回小於當前紀錄日期的第一個使用者餘額(由於我們使用order by cash,所以返回top 1紀錄即可，使用min應該也可以)，這個餘額即為當前的餘額：
case isnull(D.cash,0)
when 0 then
(
select top 1 cash from table2 where table2.username=C.username
and datediff(d,C.outdate,table2.outdate)<0
order by table2.cash
)
else D.cash
end as cash
g.最後組合的完整語句就是
select C.outdate,C.username,
case isnull(D.cash,0)
when 0 then
(
select top 1 cash from table2 where table2.username=C.username
and datediff(d,C.outdate,table2.outdate)<0
order by table2.cash
)
else D.cash
end as cash
from
(
select * from
(
select top 100 dateadd(d,convert(int,username)-1,min(outdate)) as outdate
from table2
group by username
order by convert(int,username)
) as A
CROSS join
(
select distinct username from table2
) as B
) as C
left join
(
select outdate,username,min(cash) as cash from table2
group by outdate,username
) as D
on(C.username=D.username and datediff(d,C.outdate,D.outdate)=0)
order by C.outdate,convert(int,C.username)
返回結果：
outdate username cash
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000 1 90
2001-10-01 00:00:00.000 2 100
......
2002-01-08 00:00:00.000 100 50
***********************************************************************************
取出sql表中第31到40的記錄（以自動增長ID為主鍵）
*從資料表中取出第n條到第m條的記錄*/
declare @m int
declare @n int
declare @sql varchar(800)
set @m=40
set @n=31
set @sql='select top '+str(@[email protected]+1) + '* from idetail where autoid not in(
select top '+ str(@n-1) + 'autoid from idetail)'
exec(@sql)
select top 10 * from t where id not in (select top 30 id from t order by id ) orde by id
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select top 10 * from t where id in (select top 40 id from t order by id) order by id desc