curl命令的常用介紹
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-22
curl是一個利用URL規則在命令列下工作的檔案傳輸工具，可以說是一款很強大的http命令列工具。它支援檔案的上傳和下載，是綜合傳輸工具，但按傳統，習慣稱url為下載工具。（注：我常用的是檢測ip的對應埠是否能正常使用）
語法：curl [option] [url]
常用選項
-x/--proxy <host[:port]>：在給定的埠上使用HTTP代理
-v curl：顯示一次http通訊的整個過程，包括埠連線和http request頭資訊
-I：只顯示http response的頭資訊
-i：顯示http response的頭資訊和網頁資訊
1.檢視網頁原始碼，直接在curl命令後加上網址，就可以看到網頁原始碼。我們以網址www.baidu.com為例
- [[email protected] ~]# curl www.baidu.com
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新聞</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地圖</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>視訊</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>貼吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登入</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登入</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多產品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>關於百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必讀</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意見反饋</a> 京ICP證030173號 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
2.檢視指定ip和埠的一次的http請求的通訊過程
- [[email protected] ~]# curl -v "http://www.baidu.com" -x 使用者名稱:密碼@115.221.8.201:17441
- * About to connect() to proxy 115.221.8.201 port 17441 (#0)
- * Trying 115.221.8.201...
- * Connected to 115.221.8.201 (115.221.8.201) port 17441 (#0)
- * Proxy auth using Basic with user 'dpstest'
- > GET http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1
- > Proxy-Authorization: Basic ZHBzdGVzdDozc3l1MW90Zg==
- > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
- > Host: www.baidu.com
- > Accept: */*
- > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
- >
- < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- < Accept-Ranges: bytes
- < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
- < Content-Length: 2381
- < Content-Type: text/html
- < Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2018 06:01:58 GMT
- < Etag: "588604c8-94d"
- < Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:27:36 GMT
- < Pragma: no-cache
- < Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
- < Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
- < Connection: close
- <
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新聞</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地圖</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>視訊</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>貼吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登入</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登入</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多產 品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>關於百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必讀</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意見反饋</a> 京ICP證030173號 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
2.curl -I顯示http response的頭資訊，curl -i顯示http response的頭資訊，會連同網頁程式碼一起。
這個引數在很多時候都很有用，比方說，我們實現了代理伺服器並在代理伺服器上手動自定義了一些首部的話，使用curl這個工具的“-I”選項可以很容易的探測出我們的代理伺服器是否正確添加了我們自定義的首部。
- [[email protected] ~]# curl -I www.baidu.com
- HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- Accept-Ranges: bytes
- Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
- Connection: Keep-Alive
- Content-Length: 277
- Content-Type: text/html
- Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2018 06:05:12 GMT
- Etag: "575e1f60-115"
- Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
- Pragma: no-cache
- Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
- [[email protected] ~]# curl -i www.baidu.com
- HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- Accept-Ranges: bytes
- Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
- Connection: Keep-Alive
- Content-Length: 2381
- Content-Type: text/html
- Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2018 06:06:20 GMT
- Etag: "588604c8-94d"
- Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:27:36 GMT
- Pragma: no-cache
- Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
- Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新聞</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地圖</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>視訊</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>貼吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登入</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登入</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多產 品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>關於百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必讀</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意見反饋</a> 京ICP證030173號 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>