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Python - 搭建Jupyter notebook環境

1- Jupyter簡介

Jupyter提供一個開源的基於瀏覽器的Notebook, 可以開發、協作、分享甚至釋出資料科學結果: 
  • 可用於建立和共享程式碼與文件網路應用;
  • 可在其中編寫並執行程式碼、檢視輸出、視覺化資料並檢視結果;
  • 不僅支援 Python, 還包括用於Julia、 R和其他程式語言;
  與IPython的聯絡與區別:
  • Jupyter是從IPython中遷移出來的獨立應用;
  • 從IPython4.0(包含)之後分離成IPython和Jupyter,IPython只具有終端介面(安裝的依賴包少很多);
  • 分離之後的Jupyter可以被更加廣泛的使用,支援多種語言,並不斷加入新特性;

2- 安裝Jupyter

$ pip install jupyter -i https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/

安裝Jupyter的同時也安裝包括Ipython等大量依賴庫;

3- 幫助資訊

jupyter --help
jupyter console --help
jupyter notebook --help
Jupyter中包括console和notebook: console類似ipython; notebook是基於瀏覽器Web技術的開發環境,可以進行寫作文件和執行程式碼,包括web application和notebook documents;
  • web application等同於一個編輯器,除了支援普通程式碼,還包括富媒體資訊如HTML,LaTex,Markdown,MathJax和各種影象格式;
  • notebook documents以JSON格式儲存為.ipynb檔案,可以通過bfconvert轉成HTML、PDF等格式;

4- 啟動Jupyter console

$ jupyter console
Jupyter console 5.2.0

Python 3.6.2 (v3.6.2:5fd33b5, Jul  8 2017, 04:57:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.



In [1]:

In [1]: exit
Shutting down kernel

$

 

5- 啟動Jupyter notebook

Jupyter notebook是web based IPython封裝,可以展現富文字,使得整個工作能夠以筆記的形式展現和儲存;
  • 互動上使用C/S結構,使用瀏覽器作為客戶端訪問頁面,向後臺的Jupyter Notebook伺服器傳送請求,並顯示結果;
  • 頁面都被儲存為 .ipynb 的類 JSON 檔案格式;
  • 預設啟動的地址為“http://localhost:8888/tree”,可以啟動多個,埠號會自動累加;
  常用啟動命令及引數:
$ jupyter notebook  # 以預設引數啟動
$ jupyter notebook test.ipynb  # 啟動時開啟test.ipynb
$ jupyter notebook --port 12345  # 啟動時指定埠
$ jupyter notebook --no-brower  # 啟動時不開啟瀏覽器
$ jupyter notebook --ip="*"  # 允許任意IP連線

以預設引數啟動:

$ jupyter notebook
[I 23:16:00.714 NotebookApp] Writing notebook server cookie secret to C:\Users\anliven\AppData\Roaming\jupyter\runtime\notebook_cookie_secret
[I 23:16:01.245 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: D:\Anliven
[I 23:16:01.246 NotebookApp] 0 active kernels
[I 23:16:01.247 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is running at:
[I 23:16:01.247 NotebookApp] http://localhost:8888/?token=34be99926b1d3972f14ccc93bff0be9fa1815cc81674199f
[I 23:16:01.247 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
[C 23:16:01.249 NotebookApp]

    Copy/paste this URL into your browser when you connect for the first time,
    to login with a token:
        http://localhost:8888/?token=34be99926b1d3972f14ccc93bff0be9fa1815cc81674199f
[I 23:16:01.570 NotebookApp] Accepting one-time-token-authenticated connection from ::1
[W 23:16:01.915 NotebookApp] 404 GET /static/components/moment/locale/zh-cn.js?v=20171207231600 (::1) 7.04ms referer=http://localhost:8888/tree
[W 23:16:01.920 NotebookApp] 404 GET /i18n/zh-CN/LC_MESSAGES/nbjs.json?v=20171207231600 (::1) 2.00ms referer=http://localhost:8888/tree

預設瀏覽器將開啟Jupyter的web介面:

在Files標籤中-->New-->選擇對應的NoteBook,例如Python3,將出現互動式介面:

每個Code輸入區域都有一個對應的輸出區域,輸入程式碼後按  Shift-Enter 將執行此程式碼,顯示程式碼中最後一個表示式的值; 如果希望遮蔽輸出,可以在最後一條語句後新增一個分號”;”; 使用單元(Cell)儲存資訊,種類包括表示格式化文字的Markdown單元和表示程式碼的Code單元等;
  • Code cells:用於寫程式碼;
  • Markdown cells:寫markdown文件,用來寫說明,在Markdown單元中可以直接使用Html和Javascript;
  • Raw Cells: 程式碼或文件的輸出資訊;

  • 在函式、模組、類後面輸入‘?’,按住Ctrl-Entry顯示幫助文件,如果是兩個‘??’則顯示原始碼;
  • 以%開始的魔術命令只對單行有效;
  • 以%%開頭的魔術命令放在單元的第一行,對整個單元有效;
  • %prun用於程式碼的執行效能分析,可以作為行命令和單元命令使用;

6-設定Jupyter Notebook遠端訪問

6.1-生成配置檔案

將在~/.jupyter目錄下生成一個jupyter_notebook_config.py檔案
$ jupyter notebook --generate-config
Writing default config to: C:\Users\anliven\.jupyter\jupyter_notebook_config.py

6.2-生成一個密文密碼

$ jupyter console
Jupyter console 5.2.0

Python 3.6.2 (v3.6.2:5fd33b5, Jul  8 2017, 04:57:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.



In [1]: from IPython.lib import passwd

In [2]: passwd()
Enter password:
Verify password:
Out[2]: 'sha1:e16f8ee37c2d:32b310c2505bd268a408a703ada17b7c0181c5f7'

In [3]: exit
Shutting down kernel

6.3-修改預設配置檔案

jupyter_notebook_config.py的修改內容如下:
c.NotebookApp.ip='*'
c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:e16f8ee37c2d:32b310c2505bd268a408a703ada17b7c0181c5f7'
c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False
c.NotebookApp.port = 12345

6.4-啟動Jupyter Notebook

$ jupyter notebook                                                                                                   
[W 23:34:18.473 NotebookApp] WARNING: The notebook server is listening on all IP addresses and not using encryption. 
This is not recommended.                                                                                             
[I 23:34:18.643 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: D:\Anliven                                      
[I 23:34:18.644 NotebookApp] 0 active kernels                                                                        
[I 23:34:18.644 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is running at:                                                     
[I 23:34:18.644 NotebookApp] http://[all ip addresses on your system]:12345/                                         
[I 23:34:18.645 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation)
.     

6.5-遠端訪問 

瀏覽器直接訪問 http://<jupyter-server>:<port>可以看到jupyter的登陸介面。

6.6-官網參考資訊

Running a notebook server : https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/public_server.html

7- 更改jupyter notebook的工作空間

  1. 執行“jupyter notebook --generate-config”命令獲取配置檔案的位置;
  2. 修改jupyter_notebook_config.py中的c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir引數,將值更改為實際的工作空間目錄即可;

8- 實現同時支援Python2和Python3

# 假定已安裝Python3(通過Anaconda3安裝)
# $ conda env list
# # conda environments:
# #
# base                  *  D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3

conda create -n testpy2  python=2  # 建立一個Python2的虛擬環境
source activate testpy2  # 啟用環境
conda install ipykernel  # 安裝ipykernel
python -m ipykernel install --user
source activate  # 啟用base環境
jupyter notebook  # 啟動notebook,此時可以看到Python2和Python3核心

9- 參考資訊

10- 問題處理

Jupyter notebook的啟動日誌顯示大量404

[W 23:35:49.743 NotebookApp] 404 GET /static/components/moment/locale/zh-cn.js?v=20171207233418 (127.0.0.1) 6.02ms referer=http://127.0.0.1:12345/tree?
[W 23:35:49.756 NotebookApp] 404 GET /i18n/zh-CN/LC_MESSAGES/nbjs.json?v=20171207233418 (127.0.0.1) 1.98ms referer=http://127.0.0.1:12345/tree?
[I 23:50:19.421 NotebookApp] 302 POST /login?next=%2F (10.172.192.178) 1.00ms
[I 23:50:19.429 NotebookApp] 302 GET / (10.172.192.178) 0.00ms
[W 23:50:19.724 NotebookApp] 404 GET /static/components/moment/locale/zh-cn.js?v=20171207233418 (10.172.192.178) 2.01ms referer=http://10.172.192.178:12345/tree?
[W 23:50:19.772 NotebookApp] 404 GET /i18n/zh-CN/LC_MESSAGES/nbjs.json?v=20171207233418 (10.172.192.178) 1.98ms referer=http://10.172.192.178:12345/tree?
問題分析: 302錯誤疑似notebook不應該放在d盤目錄。 404錯誤疑似語言支援格式問題導致,對中文語言不適配。 問題處理: 對於學習python知識而言,無實質影響,暫不關注。