/實驗十三  圖形介面事件處理技術

1、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握事件處理的基本原理，理解其用途；

(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作機制；

(3) 掌握事件處理的基本程式設計模型；

(4) 瞭解GUI介面元件觀感設定方法；

(5) 掌握WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法；

(6) 掌握GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1： 匯入第11章示例程式，測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。

測試程式1：

l  在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材443頁-444頁程式11-1，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l  在事件處理相關程式碼處添加註釋；

l  用lambda表示式簡化程式；

l  掌握JButton元件的基本API；

l  掌握Java中事件處理的基本程式設計模型。

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private
 
 static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//寬300
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//高200

   public ButtonFrame()
   {      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      // 建立按鈕
      JButton orangeButton = new JButton("Orange");//建立一個帶文字的按鈕。
      JButton blueButton = new JButton("blue");
      JButton greyButton 
 
= new JButton("Grey");

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      // 向面板新增按鈕
      buttonPanel.add(orangeButton);
      buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
      buttonPanel.add(greyButton);

      // 向框架新增面板
      add(buttonPanel);

      // 建立按鈕操作
      ColorAction orangeAction= new ColorAction(Color.ORANGE);
      ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE);
      ColorAction greyAction = new ColorAction(Color.GRAY);

      // 將操作與按鈕相關聯
      orangeButton.addActionListener(orangeAction);
      blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
      greyButton.addActionListener(greyAction);
   }

   /**
    * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
    */
   private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
   {
      private Color backgroundColor;

      public ColorAction(Color c)
      {
         backgroundColor = c;
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
      }
   }
}

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ButtonTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//關閉按鈕生效
         frame.setVisible(true);//介面的可見
      });
   }
}

 改進後

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   public ButtonFrame()
   {      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

  
      add(buttonPanel);

   
   makeButton("yellow",Color.YELLOW);
   makeButton("blue",Color.BLUE);
   makeButton("red",Color.RED);
   makeButton("green",Color.GREEN);

   }
   public void makeButton(String name , Color backgroundColor)
   {
   JButton button=new JButton(name);
   buttonPanel.add(button);
   ColorAction action=new ColorAction(backgroundColor);
   button.addActionListener(action);
   }
   
   /**
    * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
    */
   private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
   {
      private Color backgroundColor;

      public ColorAction(Color c)
      {
         backgroundColor = c;
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
      }
   }
   }

 再度改進：（匿名內部類）

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   public ButtonFrame()
   {      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

  
      add(buttonPanel);

   
   makeButton("yellow",Color.YELLOW);
   makeButton("blue",Color.BLUE);
   makeButton("red",Color.RED);
   makeButton("green",Color.GREEN);

   }
   public void makeButton(String name , Color backgroundColor)
   {
   JButton button=new JButton(name);
   buttonPanel.add(button);
   //ColorAction action=new ColorAction(backgroundColor);
   //button.addActionListener(action);
   button.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
   {
   public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
   {
   buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
   }
   });
   }
}
   
   

測試程式2：

l  在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材449頁程式11-2，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l  在元件觀感設定程式碼處添加註釋；

l  瞭解GUI程式中觀感的設定方法。

package plaf;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
 */
public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;

   public PlafFrame()
   {
      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
      //為了配置選單或為了初始應用程式設定而提供關於已安裝的 LookAndFeel 的少量資訊
      for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
         makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());

      add(buttonPanel);
      pack();
   }

   /**
    * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
    * @param name the button name
    * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
    */
   private void makeButton(String name, String className)
   {
      // 向面板新增按鈕

      JButton button = new JButton(name);
      buttonPanel.add(button);

      //設定按鈕操作

      button.addActionListener(event -> {
         // 按鈕動作:切換到新的外觀
         try
         {
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className);
            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);
            pack();
         }
         catch (Exception e)
         {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      });
   }
}

package plaf;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.32 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PlafTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
         frame.setTitle("PlafTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

測試程式3：

l  在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材457頁-458頁程式11-3，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l  掌握AbstractAction類及其動作物件；

l  掌握GUI程式中按鈕、鍵盤動作對映到動作物件的方法。

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
 */
public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   public ActionFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      // 定義的行為
      Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            Color.YELLOW);
      Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
      Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);

      //為這些操作新增按鈕
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));

      //  向框架新增面板
      add(buttonPanel);

      //將Y、B和R鍵與名稱關聯起來
      InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");

      // 將名稱與動作關聯起來
      ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();
      amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
      amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
      amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
   }
   
   public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      /**
       * Constructs a color action.
       * @param name the name to show on the button
       * @param icon the icon to display on the button
       * @param c the background color
       */
      public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
      {
         putValue(Action.NAME, name);
         putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
         putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());
         putValue("color", c);
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
         buttonPanel.setBackground(c);
      }
   }
}

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ActionTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

測試程式4：

l  在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材462頁程式11-4、11-5，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l  掌握GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。

package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
 */
public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10;
   private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares;
   private Rectangle2D current; //包含滑鼠游標的正方形

   public MouseComponent()
   {
      squares = new ArrayList<>();
      current = null;

      addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());
      addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());
   }

   public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }   
   
   public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
   {
      Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;

      // 畫出所有方塊
      for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
         g2.draw(r);
   }

   /**
    * Finds the first square containing a point.
    * @param p a point
    * @return the first square that contains p
    */
   public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
   {
      for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
      {
         if (r.contains(p)) return r;
      }
      return null;
   }

   /**
    * Adds a square to the collection.
    * @param p the center of the square
    */
   public void add(Point2D p)
   {
      double x = p.getX();
      double y = p.getY();

      current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH,
            SIDELENGTH);
      squares.add(current);
      repaint();
   }

   /**
    * Removes a square from the collection.
    * @param s the square to remove
    */
   public void remove(Rectangle2D s)
   {
      if (s == null) return;
      if (s == current) current = null;
      squares.remove(s);
      repaint();
   }

   private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter
   {
      public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
      {
         //如果游標不在正方形內，則新增一個新的正方形
         current = find(event.getPoint());
         if (current == null) add(event.getPoint());
      }

      public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
      {
         //如果雙擊，則刪除當前方塊
         current = find(event.getPoint());
         if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current);
      }
   }

   private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener
   {
      public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event)
      {
         // 如果滑鼠在內部，則將滑鼠游標設定為十字線
         // 一個矩形

         if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor());
         else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));
      }

      public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
      {
         if (current != null)
         {
            int x = event.getX();
            int y = event.getY();

            //拖動當前矩形，使其居中(x, y)
            current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH);
            repaint();
         }
      }
   }   
}

package mouse;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
 */
public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
{
   public MouseFrame()
   {
      add(new MouseComponent());
      pack();
   }
}

package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class MouseTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
         frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

實驗2：結對程式設計練習

利用班級名單檔案、文字框和按鈕元件，設計一個有如下介面（圖1）的點名器，要求使用者點選開始按鈕後在文字輸入框隨機顯示2017級網路與資訊安全班同學姓名，如圖2所示，點選停止按鈕後，文字輸入框不再變換同學姓名，此同學則是被點到的同學姓名。

圖1 點名器啟動介面

圖2 點名器點名介面

 百度程式：

package personal;
 
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
 
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
 
 
public class StartJFrame extends JFrame{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    JFrame jframe= new JFrame("窗體生成");
    JPanel jpanel=null;
    JPanel imagePanel = null;
    BufferedImage image= null;
    JLabel label3 = new JLabel(); 
    ImageIcon background = new ImageIcon();
    JTextArea jtext = new JTextArea();
    JButton jbutton1=new JButton("開始"); 
    JButton jbutton2=new JButton("暫停");
    JButton jbutton3=new JButton("確定");
    String strPath = "";
    public static boolean flag = true;//判斷開始按鈕是否被點過
    private static Thread t;
    private int count = 0;
    
    public StartJFrame(){  
    
        //新增文字
        jpanel = (JPanel)this.getContentPane();//每次新增必須要加的語句
        Font font = new Font("",Font.BOLD,30);
        //新增按鈕
        jpanel=(JPanel)this.getContentPane();  
        jpanel.setLayout(null);
        //（左，上，寬，高）
        jbutton3.setBounds(new Rectangle(330,180,60,20));
        jbutton3.addActionListener(new TextValue(this));
        jpanel.add(jbutton3);
        
        //新增文字框（左，上，寬，高）
        jtext.setBounds(40, 180, 260, 20);
        jpanel.add(jtext);
        
    }
    /**
     * 重寫構造器
     */
    public StartJFrame(String str){  
        //將路徑傳入開始按鈕
        strPath = str;
        
    
        //新增提示文字
        jpanel = (JPanel)this.getContentPane();//每次新增必須要加的語句
        JLabel label2 = new JLabel("點名開始啦！！！");
        Font font = new Font("",Font.BOLD,30);
        label2.setFont(font);
        label2.setForeground(Color.black);
        label2.setBounds(100,20,450,100);
        jpanel.add(label2);
        
        //顯示名字資訊
        label3.setBounds(150,120,450,100);
        //設定字型顏色
        label3.setForeground(Color.yellow);
        
        //新增按鈕
        jpanel=(JPanel)this.getContentPane();  
        jpanel.setLayout(null);   
        jbutton1.setBounds(new Rectangle(100,300,75,25));  
        jpanel.add(jbutton1);  
        jbutton1.addActionListener(new Action(this));
        jbutton2.setBounds(new Rectangle(250,300,75,25));  
        jpanel.add(jbutton2);  
        jbutton2.addActionListener(new Stop(this));
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 從控制檯輸入路徑
     */
    public static String InputPath(){
        String str ="";
        System.out.println("F:\\xll.txt");
        Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
        str = sc.nextLine();
        return str;
    }
    /**
     * 讀取文件資料
     * @param filePath
     * @return
     */
    public static String ReadFile(String filePath){
        String str = "";
        try {
        String encoding="GBK";
        File file = new File(filePath);
        if(file.isFile()&&file.exists()){
                InputStreamReader reader = 
                    new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),encoding);
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
                String lineTxt = "";
                    while((lineTxt = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
                        str+=lineTxt+";\n";
                    }
                 reader.close();
            }else{
                System.out.println("找不到指定的檔案");
            } 
        }catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("讀取檔案內容出錯");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }
    /**
     * 將字串轉換為String陣列
     */
    public static String[] ChangeType(String str){
        ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
        String[] string = str.split(";");
        return string;
    }
    /**
     * main方法
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String args[]){
        StartJFrame jframe=new StartJFrame();
        jframe.setTitle("點名器");
        jframe.setSize(550,400);  
        jframe.setVisible(true);  
        jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        jframe.setResizable(false);
        jframe.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        System.out.println();
    }
    /**
     * 點選確定按鈕後的方法
     */
    public void chooseValue(ActionEvent e){
        String str = "";
        str = jtext.getText();
        if(str != "" || str != null){
        StartJFrame jframe = new StartJFrame(str);
        jframe.setTitle("點名器");
        jframe.setSize(550,500);  
        jframe.setVisible(true);  
        jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        jframe.setResizable(false);
        jframe.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        System.out.println(str);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 點選開始按鈕後的方法
     */
    public void actionRun(ActionEvent e){
        if(flag){
        //執行緒開始
        t = new Thread(new Runnable(){
            public void run(){//
                while(count<=10000){
                    //檔案路徑
                    String strTest = strPath;
                    //開始讀取資料
                    String strRead = ReadFile(strTest);
                    //將讀取到的資料變為陣列
                    String[] strc = ChangeType(strRead);
                    //獲取隨機的姓名
                    Random random = new Random();
                    int a = 0;
                    a = random.nextInt(strc.length-1);
                    String str = strc[a];
                    System.out.println("輸出名字為："+str);
                    label3.setFont(new java.awt.Font(str,1,60));
                    //設定名字標籤的文字
                    label3.setText(str);
                    try{
                        t.sleep(20);//使執行緒休眠50毫秒
                    }catch(Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    count+=1;//顯示次數
                }
            }
        });
        t.start();
        //設定字型顏色
        jpanel.add(label3);
        flag = false;
        }
        flag = false;
    }
    /**
     * 點選暫停按鈕後的方法
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public void stopRun(ActionEvent e){
        if(!flag){
        t.stop();
        flag = true;
        }
        flag = true;
    }
}  
 
/**
 *確定按鍵監控類
 */
class TextValue implements ActionListener {  
    private StartJFrame startJFrame;  
    TextValue(StartJFrame startJFrame) {  
        this.startJFrame = startJFrame;  
   }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {  
        startJFrame.chooseValue(e); 
        startJFrame.setVisible(false);
    }
}
 
/**
 *開始按鍵監控類
 */
class Action implements ActionListener {  
    private StartJFrame jFrameIng;  
    Action(StartJFrame jFrameIng) {  
        this.jFrameIng = jFrameIng;  
   }  
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        jFrameIng.actionRun(e);
        
    }
} 
/**
 *暫停按鍵監控類
 */
class Stop implements ActionListener {  
    private StartJFrame jFrameIng;  
    Stop(StartJFrame jFrameIng) {  
        this.jFrameIng = jFrameIng;  
   }  
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        jFrameIng.stopRun(e);
    }  
}

未完成程式碼：

package c;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.jar.Attributes.Name;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame {

    private JPanel buttonPanel;
    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 500;
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
    public  ButtonFrame() {
        try {
            String line = null;
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("F:\\xll.txt"));
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                String temp = line.trim();
                if (temp != null && !"".equals(temp))
                    list.add(temp);
                }
            String[] arr = (String[]) list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
            setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

            buttonPanel = new JPanel();
            buttonPanel.setLayout(null);
            JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("   ");
            JButton jButton = new JButton("開始");
            jLabel.setBounds(130, 60, 200, 60);
            jButton.setBounds(110, 110, 60, 30);
            jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    Timer timer = new Timer();
                    TimerTask timerTask = new TimerTask() {
                        public void run() {
                            String[] name = arr;
                            jLabel.setText(name[(int) Math.round(Math.random() * 32)]);
                        }
                    };
                    timer.schedule(timerTask, 10, 10);
                }
            });
            buttonPanel.add(jLabel);
            buttonPanel.add(jButton);
            add(buttonPanel);

            } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
            // TODO 自動生成的 catch 塊
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }catch (IOException e1) {
                // TODO 自動生成的 catch 塊
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
     
            

    }
}

package c;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class ButtonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
            frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

實驗總結：

 掌握了事件處理的基本原理、 AWT事件模型的工作機制； 掌握了事件處理的基本程式設計模型；瞭解了GUI介面元件觀感設定方法；學習了WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法 以及GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。

 能夠觸發動作事件的動作，主要包括：

(1) 點選按鈕

(2) 雙擊一個列表中的選項；

(3) 選擇選單項；

(4) 在文字框中輸入回車。

通過實驗結對程式設計練習我初步的瞭解到了一些