1. 程式人生 > >狄慧201771010104《面向物件程式設計(java)》第十三週學習總結

狄慧201771010104《面向物件程式設計(java)》第十三週學習總結

實驗十三  圖形介面事件處理技術

實驗時間 2018-11-22

一、知識點總結

 1、AWT事件處理機制的概要:

1>監聽器物件是一個實現了特定監聽器介面的類的例項;

2>事件源是一個能夠註冊監聽器物件併發送事件物件的物件;

3>當事件發生時,事件源將事件物件傳遞給所有註冊的監聽器;

4>監聽器物件將利用事件物件中的資訊決定如何對事件做出響應。

2、改變觀感:

在預設情況下,Swing程式使用Metal觀感,可以採用兩種方式改變觀感:

1>在Java安裝的子目錄jre/lib下有一個檔案swing.properties。在這個檔案中,將屬性swing.defaultlaf設定為所希望的觀感類名;

2>動態的改變觀感。需要呼叫靜態的UIManager.setLookAndFeel方法,並提供所想要的觀感類名,然後再呼叫靜態方法SwingUtilities.updataComponentTreeUI來重新整理全部的元件集。

3、用同一個動作響應按鈕、選單項或按鍵的方式:

1>實現一個擴充套件於AbstractAction類的類。多個相關的動作可以使用同一個類;

2>構造一個動作類的物件;

3>使用動作物件建立按鈕或選單項,構造器將從動作物件中讀取標籤文字和圖示;

4>為了能夠通過按鍵觸發動作,必須額外地執行幾步操作。首先定位定位頂層視窗元件;

5>然後,得到頂層元件的WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUS_COMPONENT輸入對映。為需要的按鍵建立一個KeyStrike物件。建立一個描述動作字串這樣的動作鍵物件。將(按鍵、動作鍵)對新增到輸入對映中;

6>最後,得到頂層元件的動作對映。將(動作鍵、動作物件)新增到對映中。

4、AWT事件分為底層事件和語義事件。

1>語義事件:表示使用者動作的事件。點選事件;

2>底層事件:形成那些事件的事件。在點選按鈕時,包含了按下滑鼠、連續移動滑鼠、擡起滑鼠事件。

二、實驗內容

1、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握事件處理的基本原理,理解其用途;

(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作機制;

(3) 掌握事件處理的基本程式設計模型;

(4) 瞭解GUI介面元件觀感設定方法;

(5) 掌握WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法;

(6) 掌握

GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1: 匯入第11示例程式,測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。

測試程式1:

elipse IDE中除錯執行教材443-444頁程式11-1,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

在事件處理相關程式碼處添加註釋;

lambda表示式簡化程式;

掌握JButton元件的基本API;

掌握Java中事件處理的基本程式設計模型。

 

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ButtonTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();//生成ButtonFrame類物件frame
         frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//設定窗體標題
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//設定關閉按鈕
         frame.setVisible(true);//視窗是否可見
      });
   }
}

 

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;//JPanel 是一般輕量級容器
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 600;//靜態常量
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;

   public ButtonFrame()
   {      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);//設定元件大小

      // create buttons
      //生成三個按鈕物件
      JButton yellowButton = new JButton("Yellow");//黃色按鈕
      JButton blueButton = new JButton("Blue");//藍色按鈕
      JButton redButton = new JButton("Red");//紅色按鈕

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      // add buttons to panel
      //新增三個按鈕元件
      buttonPanel.add(yellowButton);
      buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
      buttonPanel.add(redButton);

      // add panel to frame
      add(buttonPanel);

      // create button actions
      //生成三個監聽器類物件
      ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW);
      ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE);
      ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.RED);

      // associate actions with buttons
      //把監聽器類物件和元件關聯
      yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction);
      blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
      redButton.addActionListener(redAction);
   }

   /**
    * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
    */
   //監聽器類
   private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
   {
      private Color backgroundColor;

      public ColorAction(Color c)
      {
         backgroundColor = c;
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)//更改容器的背景色
      {
         buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
      }
   }
}

ButtonFrame

簡化後

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ButtonTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();//生成ButtonFrame類物件frame
         frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//設定窗體標題
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//設定關閉按鈕
         frame.setVisible(true);//視窗是否可見
      });
   }
package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame {
    private JPanel buttonPanel;// JPanel 是一般輕量級容器
    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 600;// 靜態常量
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;

    public ButtonFrame() {
        setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);// 設定元件大小
        buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        add(buttonPanel);
        makeButton("yellow", Color.YELLOW);
        makeButton("blue", Color.BLUE);
        makeButton("red", Color.RED);
        makeButton("green", Color.GREEN);
    }

    /**
     * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
     */
    // 監聽器類
    /*
     * private class ColorAction implements ActionListener { private Color
     * backgroundColor;
     * 
     * public ColorAction(Color c) { backgroundColor = c; }
     * 
     * public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)// 更改容器的背景色 {
     * buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } }
     */
    public void makeButton(String name, Color backgroundColor) {
        JButton button = new JButton(name);
        buttonPanel.add(button);
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent enent) {
                buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
            }
        });
    }
}
package button;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ButtonTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();//生成ButtonFrame類物件frame
         frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//設定窗體標題
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//設定關閉按鈕
         frame.setVisible(true);//視窗是否可見
      });
   }
}

ButtonTest
package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame {
    private JPanel buttonPanel;// JPanel 是一般輕量級容器
    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 600;// 靜態常量
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;

    public ButtonFrame() {
        setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);// 設定元件大小
        buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        add(buttonPanel);
        makeButton("yellow", Color.YELLOW);
        makeButton("blue", Color.BLUE);
        makeButton("red", Color.RED);
        makeButton("green", Color.GREEN);
    }

    /**
     * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
     */
    public void makeButton(String name, Color backgroundColor) {
        JButton button = new JButton(name);
        buttonPanel.add(button);
        button.addActionListener((e)-> {
                buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
        });
    }
}

ButtonFrame

 

測試程式2

elipse IDE中除錯執行教材449頁程式11-2,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

在元件觀感設定程式碼處添加註釋;

瞭解GUI程式中觀感的設定方法。

 

package plaf; import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*; /**
 * @version 1.32 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PlafTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
         frame.setTitle("PlafTest");//設定窗體標題
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
} PlafTest

 

package plaf; import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager; /**
 * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
 */
public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;    public PlafFrame()
   {
      buttonPanel = new JPanel();       UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
      for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
         makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());       add(buttonPanel);//新增元件
      pack();//調整視窗大小
   }    /**
    * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
    * @param name the button name
    * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
    */
   private void makeButton(String name, String className)
   {
      // add button to panel       JButton button = new JButton(name);//建立新按鈕
      buttonPanel.add(button);       // set button action       button.addActionListener(event -> {
         // button action: switch to the new look-and-feel
         try
         {
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className);
            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);//簡單的外觀更改
            pack();
         }
         catch (Exception e)
         {
            e.printStackTrace();//列印堆疊資訊
         }
      });
   }
} PlafFrame

測試程式3

elipse IDE中除錯執行教材457-458頁程式11-3,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

掌握AbstractAction類及其動作物件;

掌握GUI程式中按鈕、鍵盤動作對映到動作物件的方法。

 

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ActionTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

ActionTest

 

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
 */
public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   public ActionFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);//設定元件大小

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      // define actions
      Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            Color.YELLOW);
      Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
      Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);

      // add buttons for these actions
      //新增三個元件
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));

      // add panel to frame
      add(buttonPanel);

      // associate the Y, B, and R keys with names
      InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);//InputMap 提供輸入事件
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");

      // associate the names with actions
      ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();//返回用於確定為特定 KeyStroke 繫結觸發何種 Action 的 ActionMap
      amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
      amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
      amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
   }
   
   public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      /**
       * Constructs a color action.
       * @param name the name to show on the button
       * @param icon the icon to display on the button
       * @param c the background color
       */
      public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
      {
         putValue(Action.NAME, name);//設定與指定鍵關聯的 Value
         putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
         putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());
         putValue("color", c);
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
         buttonPanel.setBackground(c);//設定元件的背景色
      }
   }
}

ActionFrame

 

測試程式4

elipse IDE中除錯執行教材462頁程式11-411-5,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

掌握GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。

 

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

import mouse.MouseFrame;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class MouseTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
         frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

MouseTest

 

package mouse;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
 */
public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
{
   public MouseFrame()
   {
      add(new MouseComponent());//新增元件
      pack();//調整視窗大小
   }
}

MouseFrame
package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
 */
public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10;
   private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares;//Rectangle2D 類描述通過位置 (x,y) 和尺寸 (w x h) 定義的矩形。 
   private Rectangle2D current; // the square containing the mouse cursor

   public MouseComponent()
   {
      squares = new ArrayList<>();//構造空列表
      current = null;

      addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());//新增指定的滑鼠監聽器
      addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());//新增指定的滑鼠移動監聽器
   }

   public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }   
   //Dimension 類封裝單個物件中元件的寬度和高度
   public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
   {
      Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;

      // draw all squares
      for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
         g2.draw(r);
   }

   /**
    * Finds the first square containing a point.
    * @param p a point
    * @return the first square that contains p
    */
   public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
   {
      for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
      {
         if (r.contains(p)) return r;
      }
      return null;
   }

   /**
    * Adds a square to the collection.
    * @param p the center of the square
    */
   public void add(Point2D p)
   {
      double x = p.getX();//返回Point2D 的 X 座標
      double y = p.getY();

      current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH,
            SIDELENGTH);
      squares.add(current);
      repaint();//重繪此元件
   }

   /**
    * Removes a square from the collection.
    * @param s the square to remove
    */
   public void remove(Rectangle2D s)
   {
      if (s == null) return;
      if (s == current) current = null;
      squares.remove(s);
      repaint();
   }

   private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter
   {
      public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
      {
         // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square
         current = find(event.getPoint());
         if (current == null) add(event.getPoint());
      }

      public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
      {
         // remove the current square if double clicked
         current = find(event.getPoint());
         if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current);
      }
   }

   private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener
   {
      public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event)
      {
         // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside
         // a rectangle

         if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor());
         else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));//setCursor為指定的游標設定游標影象
      }

      public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
      {
         if (current != null)
         {
            int x = event.getX();
            int y = event.getY();

            // drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y)
            current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH);
            repaint();
         }
      }
   }   
}

MouseComponent

 

 

實驗2:結對程式設計練習

利用班級名單檔案、文字框和按鈕元件,設計一個有如下介面(圖1)的點名器,要求使用者點選開始按鈕後在文字輸入框隨機顯示2017級網路與資訊安全班同學姓名,如圖2所示,點選停止按鈕後,文字輸入框不再變換同學姓名,此同學則是被點到的同學姓名。

 

package 點名器啦;

import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;


public class 點名器1 extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
    private JButton but ;

    private JButton show;
    private static boolean flag = true;
    public static void main(String arguments []) {
         new 點名器1();

        }

public  點名器1(){

but = new JButton("開始");
but.setBounds(100,150,100,40);

show = new JButton("隨機點名");
show.setBounds(100,100,180,30);
show.setFont(new Font("宋體",Font.BOLD,25));

add(but);

add(show);

setLayout(null);//佈局管理器必須先初始化為空才能賦值
setVisible(true);
setResizable(false);
setBounds(200,200,400,400);
//setBackground(Color.red);不起作用
this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.pink);
setTitle("點名");
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

but.addActionListener(this);
}

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        int i=0;
        String names[]=new String[50];
        try {
            Scanner in=new Scanner(new File("E:\\java\\第十三週\\studentnamelist.txt"));
            while(in.hasNextLine())
            {
                names[i]=in.nextLine();
                i++;
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
            
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

    
        if(but.getText()=="開始"){      

    show.setBackground(Color.blue);
    flag=true;
    new Thread(){   
        public void run(){
            while(點名器1.flag){
            Random r = new Random(); 
            int i= r.nextInt(47);
            show.setText(names[i]);
            }
        }
    }.start();
    but.setText("停止");//更改文字內容
    but.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
}    
else if(but.getText()=="停止"){
    flag = false;
    but.setText("開始");
    but.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
    show.setBackground(Color.red);
}
    }



}

 

小夥伴:李瑞紅

三、實驗總結

        本章我們學習了圖形介面事件處理技術的知識,首先掌握了事件處理的基本原理,並學會了事件處理的基本程式設計模型;在老師的演示程式碼過程中,我清楚的學習到了lambda表示式的簡便性,簡化程式碼的好處和程式碼的多變性;在實驗中,通過助教學長的演示和在書上原始碼基礎上進行的改編、新增,做出了點名器的程式碼程式,感覺又是一次充實的實驗。