VMware下CentOS7擴容根目錄磁碟容量
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-28
虛擬機器硬碟預設是20G，用著用著發現不夠用了，需要擴充套件根目錄磁碟容量，以此文記錄擴容過程，方便後續檢視，如果哪裡有錯誤，望大家不吝批評指正，謝謝！
1、在VMware上擴充套件磁碟容量，由20G擴充套件到40G；
2、開啟虛擬機器，使用ssh連線伺服器；
3、檢視磁碟資訊，可以看到系統下只有一塊硬碟sda；
[[email protected] ~]# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 17G 647M 97% / devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.9G 12M 2.9G 1% /run tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M 14% /boot tmpfs 579M 0 579M 0% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 579M 0 579M 0% /run/user/0 [[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000b20df Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
4、使用fdisk分割槽工具給sda磁碟分割槽
其中：
m - 列印目錄列表
n - 增加一個新分割槽
p - 代表主分割槽
3 - 分割槽編號
w - 儲存分割槽資訊到磁碟並退出
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): Using default response p Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040): Using default value 41943040 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-83886079, default 83886079): Using default value 83886079 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
5、再次檢視分割槽資訊
其中sda3即為新增加的分割槽，看最後一列，sda3的System為Linux（Id為83），需要修改為Linux LVM（Id為8e）；
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b20df
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 83886079 20971520 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes6、修改sda3為LVM卷檔案系統
其中：
m - 列印目錄列表
t - 修改分割槽的System Id
3 - 分割槽編號
8e - LVM卷檔案系統對應的System Id
w - 儲存分割槽資訊到磁碟並退出
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.7、再次檢視分割槽資訊，sda3已經改為Linux LVM了；
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b20df
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 83886079 20971520 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes8、重啟系統；
9、將sda3分割槽建立為檔案系統
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done10、檢視當前的物理卷
[[email protected] ~]# pvdiskplay
-bash: pvdiskplay: command not found
[[email protected] ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID 25WUH5-s8di-Cupq-4FJS-JcgU-jv80-d1zcKP11、將物理硬碟分割槽初始化為物理卷，以便被LVM使用；
只有System Id修改為8e之後，才能使用pvcreat指令將分割槽初始化為物理卷；
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.12、再次檢視當前物理卷
[[email protected] ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID 25WUH5-s8di-Cupq-4FJS-JcgU-jv80-d1zcKP
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 20.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Z9htWg-egxy-cNR0-EBTq-D0U6-a32n-X65URf13、動態擴充套件VG
通過vgdisplay檢視當前需要擴充的lvm組名，本機為centos；
[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID kn9EEY-Dt0L-cxsh-cmCa-UBBx-2Jah-vmxwsevgextend通過向卷組中新增物理捲來增加捲組的容量；
[[email protected] ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended再次檢視VG資訊，發現倒數第2行的Free PE下20G的可擴充套件容量；
[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 38.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9982
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 5119 / <20.00 GiB
VG UUID kn9EEY-Dt0L-cxsh-cmCa-UBBx-2Jah-vmxwse14、LV擴充套件
通過lvdisplay檢視根目錄的LV Path為/dev/centos/root；
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID QCd4Hj-QHy0-P5TJ-tHGs-TGDr-BBxD-Haf1XY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-10-17 16:21:31 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID yiZIHh-mPQU-IFS6-kIFa-a1lT-ADkk-9v0o10
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-10-17 16:21:31 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <36.80 GiB
Current LE 9420
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0擴充套件空間要小於VG 的Free PE的大小，即小於20GB，這裡使用19.8G；
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend -L +19.8G /dev/centos/root /dev/sda3
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 19.80 GiB.
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to <36.80 GiB (9420 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.15、檢視分割槽檔案系統型別
CentOS7預設使用xfs，CentOS6預設使用ext4；
[[email protected] ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 38574080 17151340 21422740 45% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2951704 0 2951704 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2963976 0 2963976 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2963976 11956 2952020 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2963976 0 2963976 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 145252 893084 14% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 592796 0 592796 0% /run/user/016、同步檔案系統
檔案系統型別是xfs，只能使用xfs_growfs命令同步檔案系統，不能使用resize2fs、e2fsck、dumpe2fs；
resize2fs命令，用於擴大或者縮小未掛載的ext2,ext3或者是ext4檔案系統；
[[email protected] ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 964608017、檢視磁碟資訊，發現根目錄已經擴充套件了20G，由17G變為37G；
[[email protected] ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 17G 21G 45% /
devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.9G 12M 2.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M 14% /boot
tmpfs 579M 0 579M 0% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 579M 0 579M 0% /run/user/0