SpringBoot JPA + H2增刪改查示例

阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-02

下面的例子是基於SpringBoot JPA以及H2資料庫來實現的，下面就開始搭建專案吧。

首先看下專案的整體結構：

具體操作步驟：

開啟IDEA，建立一個新的Spring Initializr專案，填寫好groupID等資訊，依賴勾選web和H2，一路next：

pom.xml關鍵依賴：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId> 
spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</ 
groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope> 
test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

新建controller、domain、service包，建立JPA實體類User：

package com.example.demo.domain;

import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.time.LocalDate;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * @Description: SpringBoot自動配置會探測到我們使用了H2資料庫，它會根據實體類自動建立資料表
 * @author: Alan
 * @Date: 2018/11/30 22:33
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User implements Serializable{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;//主鍵

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String firstName;//名

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String lastName;//姓

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String idCard;//身份證

    @Column(nullable = false)
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    private LocalDate dateOfBirth;//出生日期

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Long id, String firstName, String lastName, String idCard, LocalDate dateOfBirth) {
        this.id = id;
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.idCard = idCard;
        this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getIdCard() {
        return idCard;
    }

    public void setIdCard(String idCard) {
        this.idCard = idCard;
    }

    public LocalDate getDateOfBirth() {
        return dateOfBirth;
    }

    public void setDateOfBirth(LocalDate dateOfBirth) {
        this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
                ", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", idCard='" + idCard + '\'' +
                ", dateOfBirth=" + dateOfBirth +
                '}';
    }
}

說明：

@Entity: 指明瞭這是一個entity
@Table：指定生成的表名
@Id: 標記該entity的主鍵
@GeneratedValue: 提供主鍵的生成策略

編寫配置檔案和資料生成語句：

application.properties:

#啟用開發環境的的配置檔案
spring.profiles.active=dev

application-dev.properties:

#埠設定
server.port=8080
#開啟日誌記錄（日誌檔案會在10Mb大小的時候被截斷，產生新的日誌檔案）
logging.file=logs/my.log 
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.jpa.open-in-view=true
spring.data.jpa.repositories.bootstrap-mode=default
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=debug

import.sql:

INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven1', 'Jobs1','630121199206081105', '1998-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven2', 'Jobs2','510181199412105672', '1992-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven3', 'Jobs','610702199009261457', '1991-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven4', 'Jobs','430426198801075355', '1994-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven5', 'Michael','420117199502232760', '1998-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven6', 'Michael','130203199404122670', '1998-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven7', 'Michael','430703197612014630', '1998-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven8', 'Michael','350124197805280264', '1998-07-13');
INSERT INTO USER (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ID_CARD, DATE_OF_BIRTH) values ('Steven9', 'Michael','500230197205314628', '1998-08-19');

JpaRepository

該介面繼承了PagingAndSortingRepository和QueryByExampleExecutor介面，相比CrudRepository介面多了分頁和排序功能，因此JpaRepository功能更加全面，如果你不需要分頁和排序功能，使用CrudRepository即可。這裡我們使用JpaRepository，其定義如下：

@NoRepositoryBean
public interface JpaRepository<T, ID> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {

UserRepository(相當於DAO層，定義了增刪改查的方法):

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.domain.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.List;


/**
 * @Description:
 * @author: Alan
 * @Date: 2018/11/30 22:54
 */
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long>{

    /******************************create***************************************/
    @Override
    User save(User user);
    /******************************read***************************************/
    /**
     * Using sort
     * @param lastName
     * @param sort
     * @return
     */
    @Query("select u from User u where u.lastName like ?1%")
    List<User> findByAndSort(String lastName, Sort sort);

    /**
     * Query creation
     * this translates into the following query:
     * select u from User u where u.idCard = ?1
     */
    User findByIdCard(String idCard);

    /**
     * Native Queries
     * The @Query annotation allows for running native queries by setting the nativeQuery flag to true
     * @param idCard
     * @return
     */
    @Query(value = "select * from user where ID_CARD = ?1", nativeQuery = true)
    User findByIdCard2(String idCard);

    /**
     * Using @Query
     * @param idCard
     * @return
     */
    @Query("select u from User u where u.idCard = ?1")
    User findByIdCard3(String idCard);

    /**
     * Declare native count queries for pagination at the query method by using @Query
     * @param lastName
     * @param pageable
     * @return
     */
    @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM User WHERE LAST_NAME = ?1",
            countQuery = "SELECT count(*) FROM User WHERE LAST_NAME = ?1",
            nativeQuery = true)
    Page<User> findByLastNameWithPageable(String lastName, Pageable pageable);

    /**
     * Using Named Parameters
     * @param firstName
     * @param lastName
     * @return
     */
    @Query("select u from User u where u.firstName = :firstName or u.lastName = :lastName")
    List<User> findByFirstNameOrLastName(@Param("firstName") String firstName,
                                         @Param("lastName") String lastName);

    /**
     * findByDateOfBirth
     * @param date
     * @return
     */
    List<User> findByDateOfBirth(@Param("date") LocalDate date);

    /**
     * find all users
     * @param sort
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    List<User> findAll(Sort sort);
    /****************************update*****************************************/
    /**
     * update a usr by Modifying Queries
     * @param firstName
     * @param idCard
     * @return
     */
    @Modifying
    @Query("update User u set u.firstName = ?1 where u.idCard = ?2")
    int updateUser(String firstName, String idCard);
    /****************************delete*****************************************/
    /**
     * delete a user by idCard
     * @param idCard
     */
    void deleteByIdCard(String idCard);

    /**
     * Using a derived delete query
     * @param idCard
     */
    @Modifying
    @Query("delete from User u where u.idCard = ?1")
    void deleteByIdCard2(String idCard);

    /**
     * delete a user by id
     * @param id
     */
    @Override
    @Modifying
    @Query(value = "delete from user where id = ?1", nativeQuery = true)
    void deleteById(Long id);

}

UserService：

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.domain.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Description:
 * @author: Alan
 * @Date: 2018/12/1 11:44
 */
public interface UserService {

    /****************************create*****************************************/
    User save(User user);
    /****************************read*****************************************/
    List<User> findByAndSort(String lastName, Sort sort);

    User findByIdCard(String idCard);

    User findByIdCard2(String idCard);

    User findByIdCard3(String idCard);

    Page<User> findByLastNameWithPageable(String lastName, Pageable pageable);

    List<User> findByFirstNameOrLastName(String firstName, String lastName);

    List<User> findByDateOfBirth(@Param("date") LocalDate date);

    List<User> findAll(Sort sort);
    /*****************************update****************************************/
    int updateUser(String firstName, String idCard);
    /*****************************delete****************************************/
    void deleteByIdCard(String idCard);

    void deleteByIdCard2(String idCard);

    void deleteById(Long id);

}

UserServiceImpl：（UserService的實現類）

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.domain.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.List;


/**
 * @Description:
 * @author: Alan
 * @Date: 2018/12/1 11:44
 */
@Component("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    UserServiceImpl(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }
    /**************************create********************************/
    @Override
    public User save(User user) {
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }
    /**************************read********************************/
    @Override
    public List<User> findByAndSort(String lastName, Sort sort) {
        return userRepository.findByAndSort(lastName, sort);
    }

    @Override
    public User findByIdCard(String idCard) {
        return userRepository.findByIdCard(idCard);
    }

    @Override
    public User findByIdCard2(String idCard) {
        return userRepository.findByIdCard2(idCard);
    }

    @Override
    public User findByIdCard3(String idCard) {
        return userRepository.findByIdCard3(idCard);
    }

    @Override
    public Page<User> findByLastNameWithPageable(String lastName, Pageable pageable) {
        return userRepository.findByLastNameWithPageable(lastName, pageable);
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findByFirstNameOrLastName(String firstName, String lastName) {
        return userRepository.findByFirstNameOrLastName(firstName, lastName);
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findByDateOfBirth(@Param("date") LocalDate date) {
        return userRepository.findByDateOfBirth(date);
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findAll(Sort sort) {
        return userRepository.findAll(sort);
    }

    /**************************update********************************/
    @Override
    public int updateUser(String firstName, String idCard) {
        return userRepository.updateUser(firstName, idCard);
    }
    /**************************delete********************************/
    @Override
    public void deleteByIdCard(String idCard) {
        userRepository.deleteByIdCard(idCard);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteByIdCard2(String idCard) {
       userRepository.deleteByIdCard2(idCard);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteById(Long id) {
        userRepository.deleteById(id);
    }

}

UserController：

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.domain.User;
import com.example.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.List;


/**
 * @Description:
 * POST - Create a new resource
 * GET - Read a resource
 * PUT - Update an existing resource
 * DELETE - Delete a resource
 * Tomcat by default is not enabled for HTTP PUT command.
 * 只要讓位址列的引數可以傳入函式裡面，就能執行修改、新增、刪除操作，method用RequestMethod.GET即可
 * 用PUT、POST、DELETE會報405錯誤，因為輸入到位址列預設使用GET方法
 * 註解@DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE)主要是解決請求日期無法轉成LocalDate的問題
 * @author: Alan
 * @Date: 2018/12/1 10:38
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    /*****************************create*************************************/
    @RequestMapping(value = "/saveUser/{firstName}/{lastName}/{idCard}/{date}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional
    public User saveUser(@PathVariable String firstName,
                         @PathVariable String lastName,
                         @PathVariable String idCard,
                         @PathVariable @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate date) {
        User user = new User();//Id是自增長的，不需要傳
        user.setFirstName(firstName);
        user.setLastName(lastName);
        user.setIdCard(idCard);
        user.setDateOfBirth(date);
        return userService.save(user);
    }

    /*****************************Read***** ********************************/
    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByAndSort/{lastName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> findByAndSort(@PathVariable String lastName) {
        Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "firstName");
        return userService.findByAndSort(lastName, sort);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByIdCard/{idCard}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User findByIdCard(@PathVariable(name = "idCard")  String idCard) {
        return userService.findByIdCard(idCard);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByIdCard2/{idCard}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User findByIdCard2(@PathVariable(name = "idCard") String idCard) {
        return userService.findByIdCard2(idCard);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByIdCard3/{idCard}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User findByIdCard3(@PathVariable(name = "idCard") String idCard) {
        return userService.findByIdCard3(idCard);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByLastNameWithPageable/{lastName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Page<User> findByLastNameWithPageable(@PathVariable String lastName) {
        Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");
        Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(5,2,sort);
        return userService.findByLastNameWithPageable(lastName, pageable);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByFirstNameOrLastName/{firstName}/{lastName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> findByFirstNameOrLastName(@PathVariable String firstName,
                                                @PathVariable String lastName) {
        return userService.findByFirstNameOrLastName(firstName, lastName);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findByDateOfBirth/{date}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> findByDateOfBirth(@PathVariable(name = "date")
                                        @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate date) {
        return userService.findByDateOfBirth(date);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findAll", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> findAll() {
        Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.ASC, "id");
        return userService.findAll(sort);
    }
    /*****************************update*************************************/
    @RequestMapping(value = "/updateUser/{firstName}/{idCard}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public int updateUser(@PathVariable String firstName, @PathVariable String idCard) {
        return userService.updateUser(firstName, idCard);
    }
    /*****************************delete*************************************/
    @RequestMapping(value = "/deleteByIdCard/{idCard}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional
    public String deleteByIdCard(@PathVariable String idCard) {
        userService.deleteByIdCard(idCard);
        return "SUCCESS";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/deleteByIdCard2/{idCard}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional
    public String deleteByIdCard2(@PathVariable String idCard) {
        userService.deleteByIdCard2(idCard);
        return "SUCCESS";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/deleteById/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @Transactional
    public String deleteById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userService.deleteById(id);
        return "SUCCESS";
    }

}

SpringBoot主類移植com包下，這樣其他類才能被掃描到：

啟動SpringBoot專案：點選選單欄的執行按鈕或者執行main方法

此時控制檯可以看到建立表和插入sql語句的日誌：

查詢所有使用者：

瀏覽器位址列輸入:http://localhost:8080/findAll

可以看到所有的記錄：

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "firstName": "Steven1",
        "lastName": "Jobs1",
        "idCard": "630121199206081105",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "firstName": "Steven2",
        "lastName": "Jobs2",
        "idCard": "510181199412105672",
        "dateOfBirth": "1992-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 3,
        "firstName": "Steven3",
        "lastName": "Jobs",
        "idCard": "610702199009261457",
        "dateOfBirth": "1991-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 4,
        "firstName": "Steven4",
        "lastName": "Jobs",
        "idCard": "430426198801075355",
        "dateOfBirth": "1994-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 5,
        "firstName": "Steven5",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "420117199502232760",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 6,
        "firstName": "Steven6",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "130203199404122670",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 7,
        "firstName": "Steven7",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "430703197612014630",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 8,
        "firstName": "Steven8",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "350124197805280264",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 9,
        "firstName": "Steven9",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "500230197205314628",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-08-19"
    }
]

View Code

新增一個user：

http://localhost:8080/saveUser/java/springboot/330987193709193205/1937-09-19

頁面會輸出新插入的user：

此時再findAll，會發現多了新插入的id為10的記錄：

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "firstName": "Steven1",
        "lastName": "Jobs1",
        "idCard": "630121199206081105",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "firstName": "Steven2",
        "lastName": "Jobs2",
        "idCard": "510181199412105672",
        "dateOfBirth": "1992-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 3,
        "firstName": "Steven3",
        "lastName": "Jobs",
        "idCard": "610702199009261457",
        "dateOfBirth": "1991-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 4,
        "firstName": "Steven4",
        "lastName": "Jobs",
        "idCard": "430426198801075355",
        "dateOfBirth": "1994-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 5,
        "firstName": "Steven5",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "420117199502232760",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 6,
        "firstName": "Steven6",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "130203199404122670",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 7,
        "firstName": "Steven7",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "430703197612014630",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 8,
        "firstName": "Steven8",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "350124197805280264",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 9,
        "firstName": "Steven9",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "500230197205314628",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-08-19"
    },
    {
        "id": 10,
        "firstName": "java",
        "lastName": "springboot",
        "idCard": "330987193709193205",
        "dateOfBirth": "1937-09-19"
    }
]

View Code

更新一個user：

將剛插入的id為10的使用者的firstName修改成java666：

http://localhost:8080/updateUser/java666/330987193709193205

頁面返回1，表示修改成功。

輸入：http://localhost:8080/findByIdCard/330987193709193205

可以看到身份證為330987193709193205的firstName確實被修改了：

刪除一個user：

輸入：http://localhost:8080/deleteById/1

頁面顯示：

這樣id為1的user就被刪除了，再輸入http://localhost:8080/findAll，id為1的user已不存在：

[
    {
        "id": 2,
        "firstName": "Steven2",
        "lastName": "Jobs2",
        "idCard": "510181199412105672",
        "dateOfBirth": "1992-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 3,
        "firstName": "Steven3",
        "lastName": "Jobs",
        "idCard": "610702199009261457",
        "dateOfBirth": "1991-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 4,
        "firstName": "Steven4",
        "lastName": "Jobs",
        "idCard": "430426198801075355",
        "dateOfBirth": "1994-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 5,
        "firstName": "Steven5",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "420117199502232760",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 6,
        "firstName": "Steven6",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "130203199404122670",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 7,
        "firstName": "Steven7",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "430703197612014630",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 8,
        "firstName": "Steven8",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "350124197805280264",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-07-13"
    },
    {
        "id": 9,
        "firstName": "Steven9",
        "lastName": "Michael",
        "idCard": "500230197205314628",
        "dateOfBirth": "1998-08-19"
    },
    {
        "id": 10,
        "firstName": "java666",
        "lastName": "springboot",
        "idCard": "330987193709193205",
        "dateOfBirth": "1937-09-19"
    }
]

View Code

分頁查詢：

輸入：http://localhost:8080/findByLastNameWithPageable/Michale

頁面顯示：lastName為Michale的共有5條記錄，page設定：每頁2個，共5頁

輸出結果與程式一致：

附錄：

註解說明：

@Entity: 指明瞭這是一個entity
@Table：指定生成的表名
@Id: 標記該entity的主鍵
@GeneratedValue: 提供主鍵的生成策略
@Component：宣告為一個元件
@Transactional：宣告為事務
@Autowired：自動注入
@Query：查詢操作
@Modifying：修改操作
@PathVariable：將URL中的請求引數繫結到控制器的入參上
@Override：重寫
@Param：宣告屬性

語句說明：

1、使用SpEL表示式

@Query("select u from User u where u.idCard = ?1")
User findByIdCard3(String idCard);

2、使用原生SQL（需新增nativeQuery=true）

@Query(value = "select * from user where ID_CARD = ?1", nativeQuery = true)
User findByIdCard2(String idCard);

3、使用屬性表示式（Property Expressions）

User findByIdCard(String idCard);

（注：上面的方法，JPA會轉換成等價的查詢語句：select * from User u where u.idCard = ?1）

官方文件上的JPA標準API：

Keyword Sample JPQL snippet

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
`And`	`findByLastnameAndFirstname`	`… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2`
`Or`	`findByLastnameOrFirstname`	`… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2`
`Is,Equals`	`findByFirstname`,`findByFirstnameIs`,`findByFirstnameEquals`	`… where x.firstname = ?1`
`Between`	`findByStartDateBetween`	`… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2`
`LessThan`	`findByAgeLessThan`	`… where x.age < ?1`
`LessThanEqual`	`findByAgeLessThanEqual`	`… where x.age <= ?1`
`GreaterThan`	`findByAgeGreaterThan`	`… where x.age > ?1`
`GreaterThanEqual`	`findByAgeGreaterThanEqual`	`… where x.age >= ?1`
`After`	`findByStartDateAfter`	`… where x.startDate > ?1`
`Before`	`findByStartDateBefore`	`… where x.startDate < ?1`
`IsNull`	`findByAgeIsNull`	`… where x.age is null`
`IsNotNull,NotNull`	`findByAge(Is)NotNull`	`… where x.age not null`
`Like`	`findByFirstnameLike`	`… where x.firstname like ?1`
`NotLike`	`findByFirstnameNotLike`	`… where x.firstname not like ?1`
`StartingWith`	`findByFirstnameStartingWith`	`… where x.firstname like ?1`(parameter bound with appended `%`)
`EndingWith`	`findByFirstnameEndingWith`	`… where x.firstname like ?1`(parameter bound with prepended `%`)
`Containing`	`findByFirstnameContaining`	`… where x.firstname like ?1`(parameter bound wrapped in `%`)
`OrderBy`	`findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc`	`… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc`
`Not`	`findByLastnameNot`	`… where x.lastname <> ?1`
`In`	`findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages)`	`… where x.age in ?1`
`NotIn`	`findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> ages)`	`… where x.age not in ?1`
`True`	`findByActiveTrue()`	`… where x.active = true`
`False`	`findByActiveFalse()`	`… where x.active = false`
`IgnoreCase`	`findByFirstnameIgnoreCase`	`… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)`

And

findByLastnameAndFirstname

… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2

Or

findByLastnameOrFirstname

… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2

Is,Equals

findByFirstname,findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals

… where x.firstname = ?1

Between

findByStartDateBetween

… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2

LessThan

findByAgeLessThan

… where x.age < ?1

LessThanEqual

findByAgeLessThanEqual

… where x.age <= ?1

GreaterThan

findByAgeGreaterThan

… where x.age > ?1

GreaterThanEqual

findByAgeGreaterThanEqual

… where x.age >= ?1

After

findByStartDateAfter

… where x.startDate > ?1

Before

findByStartDateBefore

… where x.startDate < ?1

IsNull

findByAgeIsNull

… where x.age is null

IsNotNull,NotNull

findByAge(Is)NotNull

… where x.age not null

Like

findByFirstnameLike

… where x.firstname like ?1

NotLike

findByFirstnameNotLike

… where x.firstname not like ?1

StartingWith

findByFirstnameStartingWith

… where x.firstname like ?1(parameter bound with appended %)

EndingWith

findByFirstnameEndingWith

… where x.firstname like ?1(parameter bound with prepended %)

Containing

findByFirstnameContaining

… where x.firstname like ?1(parameter bound wrapped in %)

OrderBy

findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc

… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc

Not

findByLastnameNot

… where x.lastname <> ?1

In

findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages)

… where x.age in ?1

NotIn

findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> ages)

… where x.age not in ?1

True

findByActiveTrue()

… where x.active = true

False

findByActiveFalse()

… where x.active = false

IgnoreCase

findByFirstnameIgnoreCase

… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)

4、使用命名引數（:引數名[email protected]）

@Query("select u from User u where u.firstName = :firstName or u.lastName = :lastName")
List<User> findByFirstNameOrLastName(@Param("firstName") String firstName,
                                     @Param("lastName") String lastName);

H2資料庫控制檯：

位址列輸入http://localhost:8080/h2-console/進入H2控制檯

程式執行流程圖（呼叫關係）：

以上就是SpringBoot JPA增刪改查的簡單應用，當然你也可以將資料庫換成mysql。

官方參考文件：https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/jpa/docs/current/reference/html/

SpringBoot JPA + H2增刪改查示例

SpringBoot JPA + H2增刪改查示例

springboot(十五)：springboot+jpa+thymeleaf增刪改查示例

springboot+jpa+thymeleaf增刪改查的示例（轉）

Spring Boot(十五)：spring boot+jpa+thymeleaf增刪改查示例

spring boot(十五)spring boot+thymeleaf+jpa增刪改查示例

Spring Boot 整合 Spring Data Jpa 增刪改查示例

Spring Boot + Jpa + Thymeleaf 綜合實踐(增刪改查示例)

進入全屏 nodejs+express+mysql實現restful風格的增刪改查示例

4.6 基於Spring-Boot的Mysql+jpa的增刪改查學習記錄 > 我的程式猿之路：第三十六章

SpringBoot+mybatis實現增刪改查

spring boot2+jpa+thymeleaf增刪改查例子

spring data jpa實現增刪改查

JDBC增刪改查示例程式碼

jpa資料庫增刪改查基本操作

QT5下SQLite的增刪改查示例程式碼

4.6 基於Spring-Boot的Mysql+jpa的增刪改查學習記錄 > 我的程式猿之路：第三十六章

SpringBoot JpaRepository 資料庫增刪改查

EF6 簡單增刪改查示例程式碼

php增刪改查示例程式碼

Mybatis學習筆記3 - 增刪改查示例

SpringBoot JPA + H2增刪改查示例

相關推薦