開發環境：VS2013 + ArcEngine 10.4

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取要素類
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static IFeatureClass GetFeatureClass(string filePath)
        {
            IWorkspaceFactory pWorkspaceFactory = new
 
 ShapefileWorkspaceFactory();
            IWorkspaceFactoryLockControl pWorkspaceFactoryLockControl = pWorkspaceFactory as IWorkspaceFactoryLockControl;
            if (pWorkspaceFactoryLockControl.SchemaLockingEnabled)
            {
                pWorkspaceFactoryLockControl.DisableSchemaLocking();
            }
            IWorkspace pWorkspace = pWorkspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(filePath), 0
 
);
            IFeatureWorkspace pFeatureWorkspace = pWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;
            IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = pFeatureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(filePath));
            return pFeatureClass;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取要素屬性表
        /// </summary>
 

        /// <param name="pFeatureClass"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static DataTable GetAttributesTable(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass)
        {
            string geometryType = string.Empty;
            if (pFeatureClass.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPoint)
            {
                geometryType = "點";
            }
            if (pFeatureClass.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryMultipoint)
            {
                geometryType = "點集";
            }
            if (pFeatureClass.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline)
            {
                geometryType = "折線";
            }
            if (pFeatureClass.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolygon)
            {
                geometryType = "面";
            }

            // 欄位集合
            IFields pFields = pFeatureClass.Fields;
            int fieldsCount = pFields.FieldCount;

            // 寫入欄位名
            DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
            for (int i = 0; i < fieldsCount; i++)
            {
                dataTable.Columns.Add(pFields.get_Field(i).Name);
            }

            // 要素遊標
            IFeatureCursor pFeatureCursor = pFeatureClass.Search(null, true);
            IFeature pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
            if (pFeature == null)
            {
                return dataTable;
            }

            // 獲取MZ值
            IMAware pMAware = pFeature.Shape as IMAware;
            IZAware pZAware = pFeature.Shape as IZAware;
            if (pMAware.MAware)
            {
                geometryType += " M";
            }
            if (pZAware.ZAware)
            {
                geometryType += "Z";
            }

            // 寫入欄位值
            while (pFeature != null)
            {
                DataRow dataRow = dataTable.NewRow();
                for (int i = 0; i < fieldsCount; i++)
                {
                    if (pFields.get_Field(i).Type == esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry)
                    {
                        dataRow[i] = geometryType;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        dataRow[i] = pFeature.get_Value(i).ToString();
                    }
                }
                dataTable.Rows.Add(dataRow);
                pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
            }

            // 釋放遊標
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureCursor);
            return dataTable;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 讀取
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnShowTable_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = GetFeatureClass(@"C:\Users\DSF\Desktop\data\CHN_adm3.shp");
            DataTable dataTable = GetAttributesTable(pFeatureClass);
            dgvAttributesTable.DataSource = dataTable;
        }

執行結果：