MySQL檢視和修改字符集的方法
一、檢視字符集
1.檢視MYSQL資料庫伺服器和資料庫字符集
方法一：show variables like '%character%';
方法二：show variables like 'collation%';
方法 一
mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql5535/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql5535/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
方法 二
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.檢視MYSQL所支援的字符集
show charset;
mysql> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
檢視MYSQL所支援的字符集
mysql> show charset; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.檢視庫的字符集
語法：show database status from 庫名 like 表名;
mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
row in set (0.00 sec)
檢視庫的字符集
mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.查看錶的字符集
語法：show table status from 庫名 like 表名;
mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';
mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum |
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| test_info | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 10 | 1638 | 17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL |
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
row in set (0.00 sec)
查看錶的字符集
mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info'; +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+- | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+- | test_info | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 10 | 1638 | 17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.查看錶中所有列的字符集
語法：show full columns from 表名;
mysql> show full columns from test_info;
mysql> show full columns from test_info;
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(3) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| name | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| dorm | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| addr | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | 未知 | | select,insert,update,references | |
| score | int(3) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
所有列的字符集
mysql> show full columns from test_info; +-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int(3) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | name | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | dorm | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | addr | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | 未知 | | select,insert,update,references | | | score | int(3) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | +-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二、設定字符集
設定字符集一般有兩種方法，一種是在建立表的時候設定字符集，另一種是表建成之後修改字符集。
1.建立時指定字符集
建立庫的時候指定字符集：
語法：create database 庫名 default character set=字符集；
create database db2 default character set=utf8
建立表的時候指定字符集：
語法：create table 表名（屬性）default character set = 字符集；
mysql> create table test1(id int(6),name char(10)) default character set = 'gbk'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
2.修改字符集
修改全域性字符集
/*建立連線使用的編碼*/ set character_set_connection=utf8; /*資料庫的編碼*/ set character_set_database=utf8; /*結果集的編碼*/ set character_set_results=utf8; /*資料庫伺服器的編碼*/ set character_set_server=utf8; set character_set_system=utf8; set collation_connection=utf8; set collation_database=utf8; set collation_server=utf8;
/*建立連線使用的編碼*/ set character_set_connection=utf8; /*資料庫的編碼*/ set character_set_database=utf8; /*結果集的編碼*/ set character_set_results=utf8; /*資料庫伺服器的編碼*/ set character_set_server=utf8; set character_set_system=utf8; set collation_connection=utf8; set collation_database=utf8; set collation_server=utf8;
修改庫的字符集
語法：alter database 庫名 default character set 字符集;
alter database shiyan default character set gbk;
mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter database shiyan default character set gbk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
row in set (0.00 sec)
修改表的字符集
語法：alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;
alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;
mysql> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (
`id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk #原字符集
row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (
`id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #修改後的字符集
row in set (0.00 sec)
修改列表的字符集
修改欄位的字符集
語法：alter table 表名 modify 欄位名 欄位屬性 character set gbk；
alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;
mysql> show full columns from test1; +-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | name | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | +-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show full columns from test1; +-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | name | char(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | +-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ rows in set (0.01 sec) 修改欄位的字符集
https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7999428.html