1. 程式人生 > >王穎奇 20171010129《面向物件程式設計(java)》第十五週學習總結

王穎奇 20171010129《面向物件程式設計(java)》第十五週學習總結

實驗十五  GUI程式設計練習與應用程式部署

實驗時間 2018-12-6

學習總結:

理論部分:

◼ JAR檔案◼ 應用程式首選項儲存◼ Java Web Start

JAR檔案:

1.Java程式的打包:程式編譯完成後,程式設計師將.class檔案壓縮打包為.jar檔案後,GUI介面程式就可以直接雙擊圖示執行。

2.jar檔案(Java歸檔)既可以包含類檔案,也可包含諸如影象和聲音這些其它型別的檔案。

3.JAR檔案是壓縮的,它使用ZIP壓縮格式。

jar命令
1 jar命令格式:
jar {ctxui} [vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files ...


2 Jar命令選項(教材581頁表13-1):
– -c 建立一個新的或者空的存檔檔案並加入檔案。
– -C 暫時改變到指定的目錄
– -e 在清單檔案中建立一個條目
– -f 將JAR檔名指定為第二個命令列引數
– -i 為指定的JAR檔案產生索引資訊
– -m 將一個清單檔案(manifest)新增到JAR檔案中
– -M 不產生所有項的清單檔案(manifest)
– -t 列出存檔內容的列表
– -u 更新已存在的JAR檔案
– -v 生成詳細的輸出結果
– -x 解壓存檔中的命名的(或所有的〕檔案
– -0 只儲存方式,不用ZIP壓縮格式

(1) 建立JAR檔案
jar cf jar-file input-file(s)


c---want to Create a JAR file.
eg: 1) jar cf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif
f---want the output to go to a file rather than to stdout.
2) jar cvf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif
v---Produces verbose output to stdout.
3) jar cvf MenuTest.jar *
*---create all contents in current directory.
4) jar cv0f MenuTest.jar *
0---don't want the JAR file to be compressed.

(2) 檢視JAR檔案
jar tf jar-file
t---want to view the Table of contents of the JAR file.
eg: 1) jar tvf MenuTest.jar
v---Produces verbose output to stdout.

(3) 提取JAR檔案
jar xf jar-file [archived-file(s)]
x---want to extract files from the JAR archive.
eg: 1) jar xf MenuTest.jar copy.gif(僅提取檔案copy.gif)
2) jar xf MenuTest.jar alex/copy.gif(僅提取目錄alex下的
檔案copy.gif)
3) jar xf MenuTest.jar(提取該JAR中的所有檔案或目錄)

(4) 更新JAR檔案
jar uf jar-file input-file(s)
u---want to update an existing JAR file.
eg: 1) jar uf MenuTest.jar copy.gif
(5) 索引JAR檔案
jar i jar-file
i---index an existing JAR file.
eg: 1) jar i MenuTest.jar

清單檔案

⚫ 每個JAR檔案中包含一個用於描述歸檔特徵的清單檔案(manifest)。清單檔案被命名為MANIFEST.MF,它位於JAR檔案的一個特殊的META-INF子目錄中。

⚫ 最小的符合標準的清單檔案是很簡單的:Manifest-Version:1.0複雜的清單檔案包含多個條目,這些條目被分成多個節。第一節被稱為主節,作用於整個JAR檔案。隨後的條目用來指定已命名條目的屬性,可以是檔案、包或者URL。

⚫ 清單檔案的節與節之間用空行分開,最後一行必須以換行符結束。否則,清單檔案將無法被正確地讀取。

– 建立一個包含清單的JAR檔案,應該執行:

jar cfm MyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/*.class

– 要更新一個已有JAR檔案的清單,則需要將增加的部分

放置到一個文字檔案中,執行如下命令:

jar ufm MyArchive.jar manifest-additions.mf

執行JAR檔案

⚫ 使用者可以通過下面的命令來啟動應用程式:

java –jar MyProgram.jar

⚫ 視窗作業系統,可通過雙擊JAR檔案圖示來啟動應用程式。

資源

⚫ Java中,應用程式使用的類通常需要一些相關的資料檔案,這些檔案稱為資源(Resource)。

–影象和聲音檔案。

–帶有訊息字串和按鈕標籤的文字檔案。

–二進位制資料檔案,如:描述地圖佈局的檔案。

⚫ 類載入器知道如何搜尋類檔案,直到在類路徑、存檔檔案或Web伺服器上找到為止。

⚫ 利用資源機制對於非類檔案也可以進行同樣操作,具體步驟如下:

– 獲得資源的Class物件。

– 如果資源是一個影象或聲音檔案,那麼就需要呼叫getresource(filename)獲得資源的URL位置,然後利用getImage或getAudioClip方法進行讀取。

– 如果資源是文字或二進位制檔案,那麼就可以使用getResouceAsStream方法讀取檔案中的資料。

⚫ 資原始檔可以與類檔案放在同一個目錄中,也可以將資原始檔放在其它子目錄中。具體有以下兩種方式:

–相對資源名:如data/text/about.txt它會被解釋為相對於載入這個資源的類所在的包。

–絕對資源名:如/corejava/title.txt
⚫ ResourceTest.java程式演示了資源載入的過程。
⚫ 編譯、建立JAR檔案和執行這個程式的命令如下:
– javac ResourceTest.java
– jar cvfm ResourceTest.jar ResourceTest.mf
*.class *.gif *.txt
– java –jar ResourceTest.jar

1、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握Java應用程式的打包操作;

(2) 瞭解應用程式儲存配置資訊的兩種方法;

(3) 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程式的釋出方法;

(5) 掌握Java GUI 程式設計技術。

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1: 匯入第13章示例程式,測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。

測試程式1

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材585頁程式13-1,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

l 將所生成的JAR檔案移到另外一個不同的目錄中,再執行該歸檔檔案,以便確認程式是從JAR檔案中,而不是從當前目錄中讀取的資源。

更換位置後仍可執行

l 掌握建立JAR檔案的方法;

程式碼:

package resource;

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.41 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ResourceTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ResourceTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that loads image and text resources.
 */
class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;

   public ResourceTestFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      //返回類,並查詢帶有給定名稱的資源。
      URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");
      Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();
      setIconImage(img);
      //讀取資料夾內容,寫入到文字區中
      JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
      InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");
      try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8"))
      {
         while (in.hasNext())
            textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "\n");
      }
      add(textArea);
   }
}
ResourceTest

執行結果:

測試程式2

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材588頁-589程式13-2,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

l 瞭解Properties類中常用的方法;

程式碼:

package properties;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size,
 * and title.
 * @version 1.01 2015-06-16
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PropertiesTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame();
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates
 * the properties upon exit.
 */
class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   private File propertiesFile;
   private Properties settings;

   public PropertiesFrame()
   {
      // 從屬性中獲取位置、大小和標題

      String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");
      File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava");
      if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir();
      propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties");

      Properties defaultSettings = new Properties();
      defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0");
      defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0");
      defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH);
      defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      defaultSettings.setProperty("title", "");

      settings = new Properties(defaultSettings);

      if (propertiesFile.exists()) 
         try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile))
         {         
            settings.load(in);
         }
         catch (IOException ex)
         {
            ex.printStackTrace();
         }

      int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left"));
      int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top"));
      int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width"));
      int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height"));
      setBounds(left, top, width, height);

      // 如果沒有標題,詢問使用者

      String title = settings.getProperty("title");
      if (title.equals(""))
         title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
      if (title == null) title = "";
      setTitle(title);
      //新增指定的視窗偵聽器,以從此視窗接收視窗事件。
      addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
      {
         public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
         {
            settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX());
            settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY());
            settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth());
            settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight());
            settings.setProperty("title", getTitle());
            try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile))
            {
               settings.store(out, "Program Properties");
            }
            catch (IOException ex)
            {
               ex.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.exit(0);
         }
      });
   }
}
PropertiesTest

執行結果:

新增title的名字wyq

 測試程式3

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材593頁-594程式13-3,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

l 瞭解Preferences類中常用的方法;

 程式碼:

package preferences;

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.prefs.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;

/**
 * A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame
 * position, size, and title.
 * @version 1.03 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PreferencesTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame();
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the
 * preferences upon exit.
 */
class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot();
   private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava");

   public PreferencesFrame()
   {
      // get position, size, title from preferences

      int left = node.getInt("left", 0);
      int top = node.getInt("top", 0);
      int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH);
      int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      setBounds(left, top, width, height);

      // if no title given, ask user

      String title = node.get("title", "");
      if (title.equals(""))
         title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
      if (title == null) title = "";
      setTitle(title);

      // 設定顯示XML檔案的檔案選擇器

      final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
      chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
      chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml"));

      // 設定選單

      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
      JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(menu);

      JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences");
      menu.add(exportItem);
      exportItem
            .addActionListener(event -> {
               if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
               {
                  try
                  {
                     savePreferences();
                     OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser
                           .getSelectedFile());
                     node.exportSubtree(out);
                     out.close();
                  }
                  catch (Exception e)
                  {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                  }
               }
            });

      JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences");
      menu.add(importItem);
      importItem
            .addActionListener(event -> {
               if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
               {
                  try
                  {
                     InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser
                           .getSelectedFile());
                     Preferences.importPreferences(in);
                     in.close();
                  }
                  catch (Exception e)
                  {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                  }
               }
            });

      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      menu.add(exitItem);
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> {
         savePreferences();
         System.exit(0);
      });
   }
   
   public void savePreferences() 
   {
      node.putInt("left", getX());
      node.putInt("top", getY());
      node.putInt("width", getWidth());
      node.putInt("height", getHeight());
      node.put("title", getTitle());      
   }
}
PreferencesTest

執行結果:

測試程式4

 l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材619頁-622程式13-6,結合程式執行結果理解程式;

l 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程式的釋出方法。

 程式碼:

package webstart;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application.
 * @version 1.04 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Calculator
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->             {
               CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
               frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
               frame.setVisible(true);
         });
   }
}
Calculator
package webstart;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.jnlp.BasicService;
import javax.jnlp.FileContents;
import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService;
import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService;
import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService;
import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager;
import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

/**
 * A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
 */
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
   private CalculatorPanel panel;

   public CalculatorFrame()
   {
      setTitle();
      panel = new CalculatorPanel();
      add(panel);

      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);

      JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
      openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
      JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
      saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());
      
      pack();
   }

   /**
    * Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
    * entry.
    */
   public void setTitle()
   {
      try
      {
         String title = null;

         BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
         URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();

         PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
         URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");

         try
         {
            FileContents contents = service.get(key);
            InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            title = reader.readLine();
         }
         catch (FileNotFoundException e)
         {
            title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
            if (title == null) return;

            service.create(key, 100);
            FileContents contents = service.get(key);
            OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
            PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
            printOut.print(title);
         }
         setTitle(title);
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Opens a history file and updates the display.
    */
   public void open()
   {
      try
      {
         FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
         FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });

         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
         if (contents != null)
         {
            InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
            {
               panel.append(line);
               panel.append("\n");
            }
         }
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Saves the calculator history to a file.
    */
   public void save()
   {
      try
      {
         ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
         printOut.print(panel.getText());
         InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
         FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
         service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }
}
CalculatorFrame
package webstart;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;

/**
   A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{  
   private JTextArea display;
   private JPanel panel;
   private double result;
   private String lastCommand;
   private boolean start;

   /**
      Lays out the panel.
   */
   public CalculatorPanel()
   {  
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());

      result = 0;
      lastCommand = "=";
      start = true;
      
      // add the display

      display = new JTextArea(10, 20);

      add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);
      
      ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
      ActionListener command = new CommandAction();

      // add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid

      panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));

      addButton("7", insert);
      addButton("8", insert);
      addButton("9", insert);
      addButton("/", command);

      addButton("4", insert);
      addButton("5", insert);
      addButton("6", insert);
      addButton("*", command);

      addButton("1", insert);
      addButton("2", insert);
      addButton("3", insert);
      addButton("-", command);

      addButton("0", insert);
      addButton(".", insert);
      addButton("=", command);
      addButton("+", command);

      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
   }

   /**
      Gets the history text.
      @return the calculator history
   */
   public String getText()
   {
      return display.getText();
   }
   
   /**
      Appends a string to the history text.
      @param s the string to append
   */
   public void append(String s)
   {
      display.append(s);
   }

   /**
      Adds a button to the center panel.
      @param label the button label
      @param listener the button listener
   */
   private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
   {  
      JButton button = new JButton(label);
      button.addActionListener(listener);
      panel.add(button);
   }

   /**
      This action inserts the button action string to the
      end of the display text.
   */
   private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         String input = event.getActionCommand();
         start = false;
         display.append(input);
      }
   }

   /**
      This action executes the command that the button
      action string denotes.
   */
   private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {  
         String command = event.getActionCommand();

         if (start)
         {  
            if (command.equals("-")) 
            { 
               display.append(command); 
               start = false; 
            }
            else 
               lastCommand = command;
         }
         else
         {  
            try
            {
               int lines = display.getLineCount();
               int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
               int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
               String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
               display.append(" ");
               display.append(command); 
               calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
               if (command.equals("="))
                  display.append("\n" + result);
               lastCommand = command;
               display.append("\n");
               start = true;
            }
            catch (BadLocationException e)
            {
               e.printStackTrace();
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /**
      Carries out the pending calculation. 
      @param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
   */
   public void calculate(double x)
   {
      if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
   }  
}
CalculatorPanel

實驗2:GUI綜合程式設計練習

按實驗十四分組名單,組內討論完成以下程式設計任務:

練習1:採用GUI介面設計以下程式,並進行部署與釋出:

l 編制一個程式,將身份證號.txt 中的資訊讀入到記憶體中;

l 按姓名字典序輸出人員資訊;

l 查詢最大年齡的人員資訊;

l 查詢最小年齡人員資訊;

l 輸入你的年齡,查詢身份證號.txt中年齡與你最近人的姓名、身份證號、年齡、性別和出生地;

l 查詢人員中是否有你的同鄉。

l 輸入身份證資訊,查詢所提供身份證號的人員資訊,要求輸入一個身份證數字時,查詢介面就顯示滿足查詢條件的查詢結果,且隨著輸入的數字的增多,查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。

程式碼:

package demo1;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class ButtonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new Main();
            frame.setTitle("身份證");
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}
ButtonTest
package demo1;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Main extends JFrame {
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    private static ArrayList<Student> list;
    private JPanel panel;
    private JPanel buttonPanel;
    private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 600;
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;

    public Main() {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\身份證號.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province = linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("學生資訊檔案找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("學生資訊檔案讀取錯誤");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        JTextArea jt = new JTextArea();
        panel.add(jt);
        add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 7));
        JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序");
        JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年齡最大和年齡最小");
        JLabel lab = new JLabel("猜猜你的老鄉");
        JTextField jt1 = new JTextField();
        JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("找找同齡人(年齡相近):");
        JTextField jt2 = new JTextField();
        JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("輸入你的身份證號碼:");
        JTextField jt3 = new JTextField();
        JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出");
        jButton.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jButton1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jt1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jt2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jt3.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jButton2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                jt.setText(studentlist.toString());
            }
        });
        jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int max = 0, min = 100;
                int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
                    if (j > max) {
                        max = j;
                        k1 = i;
                    }
                    if (j < min) {
                        min = j;
                        k2 = i;
                    }

                }
                jt.setText("年齡最大:" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年齡最小:" + studentlist.get(k2));
            }
        });
        jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                dispose();
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String find = jt1.getText();
                String text="";
                String place = find.substring(0, 3);
                for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) {
                        text+="\n"+studentlist.get(i);
                        jt.setText("老鄉:" + text);
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String yourage = jt2.getText();
                int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage);
                int near = agenear(a);
                int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage();
                jt.setText("年齡相近:" + studentlist.get(near));
            }
        });
        jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                list = new ArrayList<>();
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                String key = jt3.getText();
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) {                        
                        list.add(studentlist.get(i));                        
                        jt.setText("emmm!你可能是:\n" + list);
                        //System.out.println("可能的人:" + studentlist.get(i));
                        //jt.setText("可能的人:" + studentlist.get(i));
                    }                    
                }
            }
        });
        buttonPanel.add(jButton);
        buttonPanel.add(jButton1);
        buttonPanel.add(lab);
        buttonPanel.add(jt1);
        buttonPanel.add(lab1);
        buttonPanel.add(jt2);
        buttonPanel.add(lab2);
        buttonPanel.add(jt3);
        buttonPanel.add(jButton2);
        add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    }

    public static int agenear(int age) {
        int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
            value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
            if (value < 0)
                value = -value;
            if (value < min) {
                min = value;
                k = i;
            }
        }
        return k;
    }

}
Main  

 

package demo1;

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

    private String name;
    private String number ;
    private String sex ;
    private int age;
    private String province;
   
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
Student

 

執行結果:

字典排序:

1.查詢最大年齡的人員資訊;

2.查詢最小年齡人員資訊;

 找老鄉:

 年齡相近的人:

 輸入身份證資訊,查詢所提供身份證號的人員資訊,要求輸入一個身份證數字時,查詢介面就顯示滿足查詢條件的查詢結果,且隨著輸入的數字的增多,查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。

輸入數字2時:

輸入數字26時:

輸入數字265時:

練習2:採用GUI介面設計以下程式,並進行部署與釋出

l 編寫一個計算器類,可以完成加、減、乘、除的操作

l 利用計算機類,設計一個小學生100以內數的四則運算練習程式,由計算機隨機產生10道加減乘除練習題,學生輸入答案,由程式檢查答案是否正確,每道題正確計10分,錯誤不計分,10道題測試結束後給出測試總分;

l 將程式中測試練習題及學生答題結果輸出到檔案,檔名為test.txt。

程式碼:

package ui_test;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import javax.swing.*;

public class MyExGUI extends JFrame {
    ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    JMenuBar jm; // 選單條元件
    JMenu menu;// 選單
    JMenuItem item1, item2;// 選單項
    JMenu build; // 二級選單
    JMenuItem file, project;
    TextArea answer_all = new TextArea();
    TextField jta = new TextField();
    TextField jta_answer = new TextField();
    JLabel num_answer = new JLabel();
    JLabel answer;
    JToolBar jtb;// 工具條
    JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next;
    int answer_count;
    int answer_fenshu;

    public MyExGUI() {
        // 建立選單
        jm = new JMenuBar();

        menu = new JMenu("檔案(F)");
        menu.setMnemonic('f'); // 助記符

        build = new JMenu("新建");

        file = new JMenuItem("檔案");
        project = new JMenuItem("答題");
        item1 = new JMenuItem("儲存(S)");
        item2 = new JMenuItem("退出");

        answer = new JLabel("第 1 題");

        // 新增選單項至選單上
        build.add(file);
        build.add(project);

        menu.add(build);
        menu.add(item1);
        menu.add(item2);
        menu.addSeparator();
        // 將選單加入至選單欄
        jm.add(menu);

        JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel();
        contentPanel.setLayout(null);
        JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案");
        JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("=");
        num_answer = answer;
        num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        jb_next = new JButton("下一題");
        jta.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        daan.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));

        contentPanel.add(num_answer);
        contentPanel.add(daan);
        contentPanel.add(dengyu);
        contentPanel.add(jta);

        contentPanel.add(jta_answer);
        contentPanel.add(answer_all);
        contentPanel.add(jb_next);

        num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50);
        daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50);
        jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30);
        dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20);
        jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30);
        jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30);
        answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300);

        this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 新增選單欄,不能設定位置,會自動放在最上部
        this.add(contentPanel);

        this.setTitle("線上答題系統");
        this.setSize(600, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
                BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
                boolean flag = true;
                File file;
                // String test ;
                do {
                    // test = "test"+count;

                    String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name");
                    file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt");
                    if (!file.exists()) {
                        // 建立檔案
                        try {

                            flag = file.createNewFile();

                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();

                        }
                        flag = false;
                    } else {

                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "該檔名已存在,請重新輸入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                        flag = true;
                    }
                } while (flag);
                // 寫入檔案
                String u_answer;
                try {
                    outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file);
                    Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
                    System.out.println("選擇是後執行的程式碼" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size());
                    for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) {
                        try {
                            Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes());
                            Buff.write("    ".getBytes());
                            u_answer = user_answer.get(i);
                            if (u_answer.equals(""))
                                u_answer = "沒有作答";

                            Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes());
                            Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes());
                        } catc