JAVA匯出EXCEL實現
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-11
JAVA匯出EXCEL實現的多種方式
java匯出Excel的方法有多種，最為常用的方式就是使用第三方jar包，目前POI和JXL是最常用的二方包了，也推薦使用這兩種。
POI實現
POI這裡不詳細解釋，可參考徐老師發的部落格：http://blog.csdn.net/evangel_z/article/details/7332535，他利用開源元件POI3.0.2動態匯出EXCEL文件的通用處理類ExportExcel，詳細使用方法下載最新程式碼看看就可以裡，徐老師寫的很明瞭！總之思路就是用Servlet接受post、get請求，獲取檔案匯出路徑，然後將測試資料封裝好呼叫通用處理類匯出Excel，然後再下載剛匯出的Excel，會自動在瀏覽器彈出選擇儲存路徑的彈出框，這樣就達到裡大家常見的檔案匯出下載的功能！當然，真正的專案裡不可能把檔案匯出到本地，肯定是先吧檔案匯出到伺服器上，再去伺服器下載，對於使用者來說就感覺好像直接就匯出了！
這種實現邏輯也可以修改，就是把通用處理類ExportExcel從void改為返回read好資料的InputStream，而不要直接就去write，然後呼叫下載的方法downLoad使用HttpServletResponse.getOutputStream()所得到的輸出流來write資料，然後呼叫flush()時就會在頁面彈出選擇路徑的彈出框，選擇好後資料就真正從快取輸出到了Excel中，這樣就省去裡中間先要匯出一次的步驟了。
JXL實現
我這裡講一下JXL，其實和POI差不多，就是呼叫的元件不同，引入的jar包不同了，整個Excel匯出下載的邏輯還是一樣的。好了，直接上程式碼，都是通用程式碼，以後都能用的上。
先是幾個mode類封裝了在處理過程中會用到的模型。
ExcelColMode 主要封裝的是Map中的key或者dto中實現get方法的欄位名，其實就是表格的標題的屬性名。
public class ExcelColMode {
/**
* Map中的key或者dto中實現get方法的欄位名
*/
private String name;
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ExcelHeadCell 主要封裝的是標題名
public class ExcelHeadCell implements Comparable<ExcelHeadCell> {
/**
* 列合併
*/
private int colSpan;
/**
* 展現字元內容
*/
private String content;
/**
* 父列的序列號
*/
private int fatherIndex;
/**
* 字型格式等
*/
private ExcelFontFormat fontFormat;
private Integer height;
/**
* 最基礎的單元格,沒有行合併和列合併
*
* @param content
*/
public ExcelHeadCell(String content) {
this.colSpan = 1;
this.content = content;
}
public ExcelHeadCell(String content, Integer height) {
this.colSpan = 1;
this.content = content;
this.height = height;
}
public ExcelHeadCell(String content, int fatherIndex, ExcelFontFormat fontFormat) {
this.colSpan = 1;
this.content = content;
this.fatherIndex = fatherIndex;
this.fontFormat = fontFormat;
}
public int getColSpan() {
return colSpan;
}
public void setColSpan(int colSpan) {
this.colSpan = colSpan;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public ExcelFontFormat getFontFormat() {
return fontFormat;
}
public void setFontFormat(ExcelFontFormat fontFormat) {
this.fontFormat = fontFormat;
}
public int getFatherIndex() {
return fatherIndex;
}
public void setFatherIndex(int fatherIndex) {
this.fatherIndex = fatherIndex;
}
public Integer getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(Integer height) {
this.height = height;
}
public int compareTo(ExcelHeadCell o) {
int i = -1;
if (o == null) {
i = 1;
} else {
i = o.fatherIndex > this.fatherIndex ? -1 : 1;
if (o.fatherIndex == this.fatherIndex) {
i = 0;
}
}
return i;
}
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ExcelExportRule 主要封裝的是之前的ExcelColMode和ExcelHeadCell以及sheet頁名稱sheetName
public class ExcelExportRule {
/**
* 封裝如何從資料集取資料，資料顯示格式，日期格式和數字格式在這裡設定
*/
private List<ExcelColMode> colModes;
/**
* 封裝EXCEL頭部內容及內容顯示格式
*/
private List<List<ExcelHeadCell>> headCols;
/**
* 資料背景顏色區分,0:不區分,1:按行奇偶區分,奇數行白色，偶數行灰色，2:按列奇偶區分 奇數列白色，偶數列灰色， <br/>
* <b>注意：此引數為0時，單元格設定的背景色才起作用</b>
*/
private int distinguishable = 0;
/**
* EXCEL的sheet頁名稱
*/
private String sheetName;
/**
* 是否樹形結構，1：是，0：否
*/
private String hierarchical = "0";
/**
* id欄位名，當hierarchical="1"時候才起作用
*/
private String idName;
/**
* 父id欄位名，當hierarchical="1"時候才起作用
*/
private String pidName;
public List<ExcelColMode> getColModes() {
return colModes;
}
public void setColModes(List<ExcelColMode> colModes) {
this.colModes = colModes;
}
public List<List<ExcelHeadCell>> getHeadCols() {
return headCols;
}
public void setHeadCols(List<List<ExcelHeadCell>> headCols) {
this.headCols = headCols;
}
public int getDistinguishable() {
return distinguishable;
}
public void setDistinguishable(int distinguishable) {
this.distinguishable = distinguishable;
}
public String getSheetName() {
return sheetName;
}
public void setSheetName(String sheetName) {
this.sheetName = sheetName;
}
public String getHierarchical() {
return hierarchical;
}
public void setHierarchical(String hierarchical) {
this.hierarchical = hierarchical;
}
public String getIdName() {
return idName;
}
public void setIdName(String idName) {
this.idName = idName;
}
public String getPidName() {
return pidName;
}
public void setPidName(String pidName) {
this.pidName = pidName;
}
public void addExcelColMode(ExcelColMode excelColMode) {
if (colModes == null)
colModes = new ArrayList<ExcelColMode>();
colModes.add(excelColMode);
}
public void addExcelHeadCellList(List<ExcelHeadCell> list) {
if (headCols == null)
headCols = new ArrayList<List<ExcelHeadCell>>();
headCols.add(list);
}
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ExcelFontFormat 封裝的是表格的一些樣式，如果對此沒什麼要求可以忽略
public class ExcelFontFormat {
private int font = 0; // 字型 0:宋體,1:楷體,2:黑體，3：仿宋體，4:隸書
private Colour color = Colour.BLACK; // 字型顏色
private boolean bold = false; // 是否加粗
private int flow = 0; // 文字浮動方向,0:靠左(預設),1:居中,2:靠右,
private int fontSize = 0; // 文字大小,0:正常,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4依次加大,最大到4
private Colour backgroundColor = Colour.WHITE; // 單元格填充色
private boolean italic;// 是否斜體
private int verticalAlign = 1; // 文字上下對齊 0:上 1：中 2：下
public int getFont() {
return font;
}
public void setFont(int font) {
this.font = font;
}
public Colour getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(Colour color) {
this.color = color;
}
public Colour getBackgroundColor() {
return backgroundColor;
}
public void setBackgroundColor(Colour backgroundColor) {
this.backgroundColor = backgroundColor;
}
public boolean isBold() {
return bold;
}
public void setBold(boolean bold) {
this.bold = bold;
}
public int getFontSize() {
return fontSize;
}
public void setFontSize(int fontSize) {
this.fontSize = fontSize;
}
public int getFlow() {
return flow;
}
public void setFlow(int flow) {
this.flow = flow;
}
public Alignment convertFlow() {
return convertFlow(flow);
}
public static Alignment convertFlow(int flow) {
Alignment al = null;
switch (flow) {
case 0:
al = Alignment.LEFT;
break;
case 1:
al = Alignment.CENTRE;
break;
case 2:
al = Alignment.RIGHT;
break;
default:
al = Alignment.LEFT;
}
return al;
}
public FontName convertFontName() {
return convertFontName(font);
}
public static FontName convertFontName(int font) {
FontName fn = null;
switch (font) {
case 0:
fn = WritableFont.createFont("SimSun");
break;
case 1:
fn = WritableFont.createFont("KaiTi");
break;
case 2:
fn = WritableFont.createFont("SimHei");
break;
case 3:
fn = WritableFont.createFont("FangSong");
break;
case 4:
fn = WritableFont.createFont("LiSu");
break;
default:
fn = WritableFont.createFont("STSong");
}
return fn;
}
public int convertFontSize() {
return convertFontSize(fontSize);
}
public static int convertFontSize(int fontSize) {
return 12 + fontSize * 2;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
boolean eq = false;
if (this == obj) {
eq = true;
} else if (obj != null && obj instanceof ExcelFontFormat) {
ExcelFontFormat e = (ExcelFontFormat) obj;
if (e.bold == this.bold && e.backgroundColor == this.backgroundColor && e.color == this.color
&& e.flow == this.flow && e.font == this.font && e.fontSize == this.fontSize
&& e.italic == this.italic) {
eq = true;
}
}
return eq;
}
public boolean isItalic() {
return italic;
}
public void setItalic(boolean italic) {
this.italic = italic;
}
public int getVerticalAlign() {
return verticalAlign;
}
public void setVerticalAlign(int verticalAlign) {
this.verticalAlign = verticalAlign;
}
}
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4個mode類以及有了，我介紹的很簡單，每個封裝類其實還封裝了一些其他的，但因為我的例子就只用到了這些就不多講了。下面是Excel處理類ExcelHelper，程式碼比較多，其實大家不用管太多，貼上過來用就行了，只要知道怎麼用他(包括輸入給些什麼，輸出的ByteArrayInputStream怎麼用)就行。
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableFont.FontName;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;
import jxl.write.biff.JxlWriteException;
import jxl.write.biff.RowsExceededException;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import com.newsee.dto.common.ExcelColMode;
import com.newsee.dto.common.ExcelExportRule;
import com.newsee.dto.common.ExcelFontFormat;
import com.newsee.dto.common.ExcelHeadCell;
public class ExcelHelper {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ExcelHelper.class);
/**
* 實際需要展現的資料,支援DTO和Map
*/
private List<Object> rowDatas;
private Set<Object> writed;
/**
* 取資料及資料展現相關
*/
private List<ExcelColMode> colModes;
/**
* 行頭(橫向排列),如果有父行頭則按父行頭的順序，沒有父行頭的按List順序排列
*/
private List<List<ExcelHeadCell>> headCols;
/**
* 資料背景顏色區分,0:不區分,1:按行奇偶區分,2:按列奇偶區分
*/
private int distinguishable;
/**
* 快取展現內容的sheet頁
*/
private WritableSheet sheet;
/**
* 快取單元格格式
*/
private Map<ExcelFontFormat, WritableCellFormat> mappedFormat;
/**
* id欄位名稱,用於樹形結構
*/
private String idName;
/**
* 父id欄位名稱，用於樹形結構
*/
private String pidName;
private static String ONE_BLANK = " ";
private int curDataRowIndex;
private int curExcelRowIndex;
public InputStream writeExcel(List<Object> rowDatas, ExcelExportRule rule) throws IOException, WriteException,
SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException,
InvocationTargetException {
if (rule != null) {
this.rowDatas = rowDatas;
this.colModes = rule.getColModes();
this.headCols = rule.getHeadCols();
this.distinguishable = rule.getDistinguishable();
if (validate()) {
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(outputStream);
String sheetName = rule.getSheetName();
if (StringUtil.isBlank(sheetName)) {
sheetName = "sheet0";
}
sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName, 0);
// 設定列寬
for (int i = 0; i < colModes.size(); i++) {
ExcelColMode colMode = colModes.get(i);
if (colMode.getWidth() != null)
sheet.setColumnView(i, colMode.getWidth());
}
writeHeads();
// 樹形結構
if ("1".equals(rule.getHierarchical())) {
this.idName = rule.getIdName();
this.pidName = rule.getPidName();
writeTreeBody();
}
// 非樹形結構
else {
writeBody();
}
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
return new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray());
}
} else {
log.error("ExcelExportRule為空，無法匯出excel");
}
return null;
}
private boolean validate() {
if (colModes == null || colModes.size() == 0) {
log.error("讀取資料的規則ExcelExportRule.colModes為空");
return false;
}
return true;
}
private void writeHeads() throws JxlWriteException, WriteException {
curExcelRowIndex = 0;
if (headCols != null && !headCols.isEmpty()) {
int s = headCols.size();
if (s > 1) {
caculaterHeadColSpans();
}
for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) {
int tempColIndex = 0;
List<ExcelHeadCell> headRowCols = headCols.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < headRowCols.size(); j++) {
ExcelHeadCell headCol = headRowCols.get(j);
writeHeadCell(headCol, tempColIndex);
tempColIndex += headCol.getColSpan();
}
curExcelRowIndex++;
}
}
}
// 計算標題需要列數
private void caculaterHeadColSpans() {
int s = headCols.size();
for (int i = s - 1; i > 0; i--) {
List<ExcelHeadCell> subCols = headCols.get(i);
Collections.sort(subCols);
List<ExcelHeadCell> supCols = headCols.get(i - 1);
int[] fatherColSpans = new int[supCols.size()];
for (ExcelHeadCell subCol : subCols) {
int fi = subCol.getFatherIndex();
fatherColSpans[fi] += subCol.getColSpan();
}
for (int j = 0; j < supCols.size(); j++) {
ExcelHeadCell supCol = supCols.get(j);
if (fatherColSpans[j] > 0) {
supCol.setColSpan(fatherColSpans[j]);
}
}
}
}
private void writeHeadCell(ExcelHeadCell headCol, int colIndex) throws JxlWriteException, WriteException {
ExcelFontFormat eff = headCol.getFontFormat();
String content = headCol.getContent();
int colspan = headCol.getColSpan();
if (headCol.getHeight() != null)
sheet.setRowView(curExcelRowIndex, headCol.getHeight(), false);
writeCell(content, eff, colIndex, colspan);
}
private void writeCell(String content, ExcelFontFormat eff, int colIndex, int colspan) throws JxlWriteException,
WriteException {
if (eff != null) {
WritableCellFormat wcf = getCellFormat(eff);
sheet.addCell(new Label(colIndex, curExcelRowIndex, content, wcf));
} else {
sheet.addCell(new Label(colIndex, curExcelRowIndex, content));
}
if (colspan > 1) {
sheet.mergeCells(colIndex, curExcelRowIndex, colIndex + colspan - 1, curExcelRowIndex);
}
}
/**
* 從快取中取格式化的字型,沒有則新建並快取,生成EXCELL完成後需要清除快取的字型
*
* @param eff
* @return
* @throws WriteException
*/
private WritableCellFormat getCellFormat(ExcelFontFormat eff) throws WriteException {
WritableCellFormat wcf = null;
if (mappedFormat == null) {
mappedFormat = new HashMap<ExcelFontFormat, WritableCellFormat>();
} else {
wcf = mappedFormat.get(eff);
}
if (wcf == null) {
FontName fn = eff.convertFontName();
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(fn, eff.convertFontSize(), eff.isBold() ? WritableFont.BOLD
: WritableFont.NO_BOLD, eff.isItalic(), UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, eff.getColor());
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(wf);
wcf.setBackground(eff.getBackgroundColor());
wcf.setAlignment(eff.convertFlow());
wcf.setBorder(jxl.format.Border.ALL, jxl.format.BorderLineStyle.THIN, jxl.format.Colour.BLACK);
if (eff.getVerticalAlign() == 0)
wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.TOP);
else if (eff.getVerticalAlign() == 1)
wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);
else if (eff.getVerticalAlign() == 2)
wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.BOTTOM);
mappedFormat.put(eff, wcf);
}
return wcf;
}
private void writeTreeBody() throws RowsExceededException, WriteException, SecurityException,
IllegalArgumentException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
if (rowDatas != null && rowDatas.size() > 0) {
curDataRowIndex = 1;
Object fo = rowDatas.get(0);
boolean isMap = fo instanceof Map;
if (isMap) {
writeTreeDatas4Map();
} else {
writeTreeDatas4Dto();
}
}
}
private void writeTreeDatas4Map() throws JxlWriteException, WriteException {
if (writed == null) {
writed = new HashSet<Object>();
}
for (Object data : rowDatas) {
if (!writed.contains(data)) {
Map m = (Map) data;
Object pid = m.get(pidName);
if (pid == null) {
writeRow4Map(data);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, 1);
} else {
if (pid instanceof String) {
String ps = (String) pid;
if (StringUtil.isBlank(ps) || (Integer.valueOf(ps) <= 0)) {
writeRow4Map(data);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, 1);
}
} else if (pid instanceof Integer) {
Integer pi = (Integer) pid;
if (pi <= 0) {
writeRow4Map(data);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, 1);
}
} else if (pid instanceof Long) {
Long pl = (Long) pid;
if (pl.compareTo(0L) <= 0) {
writeRow4Map(data);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, 1);
}
} else if (pid instanceof BigDecimal) {
if (((BigDecimal) pid).compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) <= 0) {
writeRow4Map(data);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, 1);
}
}
}
}
}
}
private void writeSubDatas4Map(Map father, int deep) throws RowsExceededException, WriteException {
for (Object data : rowDatas) {
if (!writed.contains(data)) {
Map m = (Map) data;
Object pid = m.get(pidName);
Object fid = father.get(idName);
if (pid != null) {
if (pid instanceof Long) {
Long pl = (Long) pid;
Long fl = null;
try {
fl = (Long) fid;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (fid instanceof BigDecimal) {
fl = ((BigDecimal) fid).longValue();
}
}
if (pl.equals(fl)) {
writeSubRow4Map(m, deep);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
int subDeep = deep + 1;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, subDeep);
}
} else if (pid instanceof String) {
String ps = (String) pid;
String fs = null;
try {
fs = (String) fid;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (fid instanceof BigDecimal) {
fs = ((BigDecimal) fid).toString();
}
}
if (ps.equals(fs)) {
writeSubRow4Map(m, deep);
curDataRowIndex++;
curExcelRowIndex++;
int subDeep = deep + 1;
writed.add(data);
writeSubDatas4Map(m, sub