日常筆記-Centos7安裝cobbler-2.8
Cobbler安裝部署指南(Centos 7.2)
1. Cobbler介紹
Cobbler是一個Linux伺服器安裝的服務，可以通過網路啟動(PXE)的方式來快速安裝、重灌物理伺服器和虛擬機器，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令列方式管理，也提供了基於Web的介面管理工具(cobbler-web)，還提供了API介面，可以方便二次開發使用。
Cobbler是較早前的kickstart的升級版，優點是比較容易配置，還自帶web介面比較易於管理。
Cobbler內建了一個輕量級配置管理系統，但它也支援和其它配置管理系統整合，如Puppet，暫時不支援SaltStack。
1.1 Cobbler整合的服務
PXE服務支援
DHCP服務管理
DNS服務管理(可選bind,dnsmasq)
電源管理
Kickstart服務支援
YUM倉庫管理
TFTP(PXE啟動時需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源，並提供定製化的kickstart配置)1.2 系統環境準備
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //系統版本
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[[email protected] ~]# uname -r //核心版本
3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64
[ 配置阿里雲的epel源
[[email protected] ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo注意： 虛擬機器網絡卡採用NAT模式，不要使用橋接模式，因為稍後我們會搭建DHCP伺服器，在同一區域網多個DHCP服務會有衝突。 VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服務也關閉，避免干擾。
##2. Cobbler安裝配置
2.1 安裝Cobbler
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp pykickstart httpd tftp-server xinetd
2.2 配置Cobbler
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
檢查cobbler配置存在的問題,逐一解決
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.第1、2、6問題的處理
-
首先備份cobbler的配置檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 備份 - server，Cobbler伺服器的IP。
- next_server，如果用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本項，作用不解釋，看kickstart。
- 用Cobbler管理DHCP
-
防止迴圈裝系統，適用於伺服器第一啟動項是PXE啟動。
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 編輯配置檔案
272 next_server:192.168.145.200
384 server: 192.168.145.200
242:manage_dhcp: 1
292:pxe_just_once: 1[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable = no[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders -
設定新裝系統的預設root密碼cobbler。下面的命令來源於提示6。random-phrase-here為干擾碼，可以自行設定。
[[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' 'cobbler'
$1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6.[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1"
第3個問題
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 會自動從官網下載
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下載的內容
[[email protected] loaders]# ls
COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot第4個問題
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
disable = no
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories # 和debian系統相關，不需要
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence裝置相關，不需要
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.2.3 配置DHCP
- 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置檔案，因為cobbler會覆蓋。
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
僅列出修改過的欄位
subnet 192.168.145.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.145.2;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.145.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.145.210 192.168.145.220;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;2.4 同步cobbler配置
同步最新cobbler配置，它會根據配置自動修改dhcp等服務。
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync // 同步所有配置，可以仔細看一下sync做了什麼。
task started: 2018-12-11_133547_synctask started (id=Sync, time=Tue Dec 11 13:35:47 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.1-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.1-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7.1-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7.1-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7.1-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7.1-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
TASK COMPLETE
2.5 設定開機啟動
設定開機自動啟動，避免白辛苦一場
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable tftp.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable xinetd
將所有的服務重啟一遍,避免有服務忘了開啟
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart tftp.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start xinetd3. Cobbler的命令列管理
3.1 檢視命令幫助
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler
usage
======
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...
[add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --help // 匯入映象
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported
--breed=BREED the breed being imported
--os-version=OS_VERSION
the version being imported
--path=PATH local path or rsync location
--name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5'
--available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
tree is here, don't mirror
--kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
assign this kickstart file
--rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
pass additional flags to rsync
cobbler check //核對當前設定是否有問題
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report // 列出元素的詳細資訊
cobbler sync //同步配置到資料目錄,更改配置最好都要執行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum倉庫
cobbler distro //檢視匯入的發行版系統資訊
cobbler system //檢視新增的系統資訊
cobbler profile //檢視配置資訊3.2 匯入映象
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # 掛載CentOS7的系統映象。
// 匯入系統映象
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
// --path 映象路徑
// --name 為安裝源定義一個名字
// --arch 指定安裝源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支援的選項有: x86│x86_64│ia64
// 安裝源的唯一標示就是根據name引數來定義，本例匯入成功後，安裝源的唯一標示就是：CentOS-7.1-x86_64，如果重複，系統會提示匯入失敗。[[email protected] ~]# cobbler distro list # 檢視映象列表
CentOS-7.1-x86_64映象存放目錄，cobbler會將映象中的所有安裝檔案拷貝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目錄下。因此/var/www/cobbler目錄必須具有足夠容納安裝檔案的空間。
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
[[email protected] ks_mirror]# ll
total 4
dr-xr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 10 2015 CentOS-7.1-x86_64drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 35 Dec 11 09:40 config
[[email protected] ks_mirror]# ll CentOS-7.1-x86_64/
total 296
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 14 Dec 10 2015 CentOS_BuildTag
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 33 Dec 10 2015 EFI
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 215 Dec 10 2015 EULA
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 18009 Dec 10 2015 GPL
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 54 Dec 10 2015 images
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 10 2015 isolinux
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 41 Dec 10 2015 LiveOS
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 204800 Dec 10 2015 Packages
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 10 2015 repodata
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1690 Dec 10 2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1690 Dec 10 2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 2883 Dec 10 2015 TRANS.TBL3.3 指定ks.cfg檔案及調整核心引數
Cobbler的ks.cfg檔案存放位置
[[email protected] ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[[email protected] kickstarts]# ll
total 56
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 May 4 2018 default.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 May 4 2018 esxi4-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 May 4 2018 esxi5-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 54 Dec 10 21:41 install_profiles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1424 May 4 2018 legacy.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 292 May 4 2018 pxerescue.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2825 May 4 2018 sample_autoyast.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1856 May 4 2018 sample_end.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 4 2018 sample_esx4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 324 May 4 2018 sample_esxi4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 386 May 4 2018 sample_esxi5.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 386 May 4 2018 sample_esxi6.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1913 May 4 2018 sample.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3419 May 4 2018 sample_old.seed
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6658 May 4 2018 sample.seed在第一次匯入系統映象後，Cobbler會給映象指定一個預設的kickstart自動安裝檔案在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler list
distros:
CentOS-7.1-x86_64
profiles:
CentOS-7.1-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:3.4 ks.cfg檔案內容（參考）
[[email protected] kickstarts]# vim CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
[[email protected] kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
# kickstart template for Fedora 8 and later.
# (includes %end blocks)
# do not use with earlier distros
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
#auth --useshadow --enablemd5
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="nomodeset crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Reboot after installation
reboot
logging --level=info
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
#autopart
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200
part swap --asprimary --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@core
@debugging
@development
@dial-up
@hardware-monitoring
@performance
@server-policy
sgpio
device-mapper-persistent-data
systemtap-client
tree
lrzsz
telnet
nmap
dos2unix
%end
%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end
%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
$yum_config_stanza
%end檢視安裝映象檔案資訊
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@[email protected]@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.1-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel7
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}檢視所有的profile設定
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report檢視指定的profile設定
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks -->預設ks檔案
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm編輯profile，修改關聯的ks檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg修改安裝系統的核心引數，在CentOS7系統有一個地方變了，就是網絡卡名變成eno16777736這種形式，但是為了運維標準化，我們需要將它變成我們常用的eth0，因此使用下面的引數。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步驟，CentOS6不需要。
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm每次修改完都要同步一次
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync3.4 安裝系統
進行到這裡就可以安裝系統了！
4 Cobbler的Web管理介面的安裝與配置
已經安裝cobbler-web軟體。
訪問網址：https://192.168.145.200/cobbler_web
預設使用者名稱：cobbler 預設密碼 ：cobbler