在微服務架構中可以使用Zipkin來追蹤服務呼叫鏈路，可以知道各個服務的呼叫依賴關係。在Spring Cloud中，也提供了Spring Cloud Sleuth來方便整合Zipkin實現。 本文使用一個Zipkin Server，使用者微服務，電影微服務來實現。

Zipkin Server

Zipkin可以不配置資料庫，但跟蹤的資料只存在內在中，不能長久儲存，因此這裡使用mysql儲存跟蹤資料。專案中還使用了rabbitMQ作為訊息中介軟體進行資料收集，實現Zipkin與微服務的解耦。

新增依賴

新建一個Spring Boot專案，新增以下依賴：

<dependencies>
		<
 
dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
			<artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
		</dependency
 
>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin-stream</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-stream-binder-rabbit</
 
artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.zipkin.java/zipkin-autoconfigure-storage-mysql -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
			<artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-storage-mysql</artifactId>
			<version>2.7.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<!--引入SpringCloud 依賴-->
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Edgware.RELEASE</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

添加註解

在啟動類上添加註解：

@EnableZipkinStreamServer

修改配置

配置檔案如下：

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-trace-zipkin-server-stream-mysql
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
  datasource:
    schema: classpath:/mysql.sql
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zipkin
    username: root
    password: 123456
zipkin:
  storage:
    type: mysql

server:
  port: 9411

mysql.sql

首先需要在Mysql資料庫中新建zipkin資料庫，將下面的sql儲存為mysql.sql放在resource目錄中，在專案啟動時會自動執行mysql.sql

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` BIGINT,
  `debug` BIT(1),
  `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
  `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_annotations';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
  `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
  `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
  `a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
  `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
  `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
  `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
  `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
  `day` DATE NOT NULL,
  `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `call_count` BIGINT
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);

微服務整合Zipkin

使用者微服務與電影微服務作一樣的修改。

新增依賴

主要需要新增以下依賴：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
    </dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin-stream</artifactId>
</dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-stream-binder-rabbit</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改配置

在配置檔案中新增以下內容：

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-simple-consumer-movie-trace-zipkin
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411
  sleuth:
    sampler:
      percentage: 1.0
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest

啟動測試

完成兩個微服務的整合修改後，首先啟動rabbitmq,保證mysql可以連通。分別啟動Zipkin Server，使用者微服務，電影微服務。

選擇我們需要檢視的時間點，點選 Find Traces我們就能看到跟蹤資料了。

點選導航欄上的Dependencies可以檢視服務依賴

這裡我們可以看到服務的呼叫方向。

開啟Mysql資料庫也可以看到跟蹤資料已經被儲存了：

這樣即使Zipkin被關閉，跟蹤資料也不會丟失。