題目描述(Medium)

Sort a linked list using insertion sort.

A graphical example of insertion sort. The partial sorted list (black) initially contains only the first element in the list. With each iteration one element (red) is removed from the input data and inserted in-place into the sorted list  

Algorithm of Insertion Sort:

1. Insertion sort iterates, consuming one input element each repetition, and growing a sorted output list.
2. At each iteration, insertion sort removes one element from the input data, finds the location it belongs within the sorted list, and inserts it there.
3. It repeats until no input elements remain.

題目連結

Example 1:

Input: 4->2->1->3 Output: 1->2->3->4

Example 2:

Input: -1->5->3->4->0 Output: -1->0->3->4->5

演算法分析

頭插法，注意尾端的連線。

提交程式碼：

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* insertionSortList(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head) return NULL;
        
        ListNode* dummpy = new ListNode(INT_MIN);
        dummpy->next = head;
        ListNode* last = dummpy->next;
        ListNode* p = last->next;
        while (p != NULL)
        {
            ListNode* q = dummpy->next, *prev = dummpy;
            while (q != NULL && p->val > q->val) { prev = q; q = q->next; }
            if (p == q)   
            {
                last = p;
                p = p->next;
            }
            else
            {
                ListNode* temp = p->next;
                prev->next = p;
                p->next = q;
                last->next = temp;
                p = temp;
            }   
        }
        
        return dummpy->next;
    }
};