這篇文章我們放鬆一點，只分析基於長度域解碼器的幾個引數，

lengthFieldOffset ：長度域的偏移量，也就是長度域要從什麼地方開始

lengthFieldLength：長度域的長度，也就是長度域佔多少個位元組

lengthAdjustment：長度域的值的調整，也就是我們去到長度域裡面的值，然後還要做多少調整才是符合要求的，這個值可以是正值，可以是負值，正值表示還要加多少，負值表示還要減去多少

initialBytesToStrip：原始需要跳過多少才返回給使用者

我們看幾個例子，就能知道了，這些例子都是在原始碼裡面：

例子1：

 * <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 0, do not strip header</h3>
 *
 * The value of the length field in this example is <tt>12 (0x0C)</tt> which
 * represents the length of "HELLO, WORLD".  By default, the decoder assumes
 * that the length field represents the number of the bytes that follows the
 * length field.  Therefore, it can be decoded with the simplistic parameter
 * combination.
 * <pre>
 * <b>lengthFieldOffset</b>   = <b>0</b>
 * <b>lengthFieldLength</b>   = <b>2</b>
 * lengthAdjustment    = 0
 * initialBytesToStrip = 0 (= do not strip header)
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes)         AFTER DECODE (14 bytes)
 * +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+
 * | Length | Actual Content |----->| Length | Actual Content |
 * | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+
 * </pre>
 

太簡單了，沒有偏移，長度域的長度為2也就是0x000C，也就是12.

例子2：

 *
 * <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 0, strip header</h3>
 *
 * Because we can get the length of the content by calling
 * {@link ByteBuf#readableBytes()}, you might want to strip the length
 * field by specifying <tt>initialBytesToStrip</tt>.  In this example, we
 * specified <tt>2</tt>, that is same with the length of the length field, to
 * strip the first two bytes.
 * <pre>
 * lengthFieldOffset   = 0
 * lengthFieldLength   = 2
 * lengthAdjustment    = 0
 * <b>initialBytesToStrip</b> = <b>2</b> (= the length of the Length field)
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes)         AFTER DECODE (12 bytes)
 * +--------+----------------+      +----------------+
 * | Length | Actual Content |----->| Actual Content |
 * | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +--------+----------------+      +----------------+
 * </pre>
 *
 

長度域沒有偏移，但是返回給使用者的資料要跳過兩個位元組，也就是跳過了長度域才返回。

例子3：

 * <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 0, do not strip header, the length field
 *     represents the length of the whole message</h3>
 *
 * In most cases, the length field represents the length of the message body
 * only, as shown in the previous examples.  However, in some protocols, the
 * length field represents the length of the whole message, including the
 * message header.  In such a case, we specify a non-zero
 * <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt>.  Because the length value in this example message
 * is always greater than the body length by <tt>2</tt>, we specify <tt>-2</tt>
 * as <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt> for compensation.
 * <pre>
 * lengthFieldOffset   =  0
 * lengthFieldLength   =  2
 * <b>lengthAdjustment</b>    = <b>-2</b> (= the length of the Length field)
 * initialBytesToStrip =  0
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes)         AFTER DECODE (14 bytes)
 * +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+
 * | Length | Actual Content |----->| Length | Actual Content |
 * | 0x000E | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0x000E | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+
 * </pre>
 

這個沒有偏移，長度域為2，正常。但是長度域的值為14，而真正的內容只有12，所有通過lengthAdjustement來調整。也就是說，大部分情況下，長度域表示的長度是代表有效資訊的內容的長度的，但是某些情況下，長度域表示的長度不僅包括了有效資訊的長度，還包括了資訊頭（這裡就是長度域），所以需要一個lengthAdjustment來調整。

例子4：

 * <h3>3 bytes length field at the end of 5 bytes header, do not strip header</h3>
 *
 * The following message is a simple variation of the first example.  An extra
 * header value is prepended to the message.  <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt> is zero
 * again because the decoder always takes the length of the prepended data into
 * account during frame length calculation.
 * <pre>
 * <b>lengthFieldOffset</b>   = <b>2</b> (= the length of Header 1)
 * <b>lengthFieldLength</b>   = <b>3</b>
 * lengthAdjustment    = 0
 * initialBytesToStrip = 0
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (17 bytes)                      AFTER DECODE (17 bytes)
 * +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+
 * | Header 1 |  Length  | Actual Content |----->| Header 1 |  Length  | Actual Content |
 * |  0xCAFE  | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |      |  0xCAFE  | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+
 * </pre>

這個就是說長度域偏移了兩個位元組，這偏移的兩個位元組就是header1的長度，偏移了之後才到長度域。然後長度域的長度是3個位元組，也就是0x00000C。

例子5：

 * <h3>3 bytes length field at the beginning of 5 bytes header, do not strip header</h3>
 *
 * This is an advanced example that shows the case where there is an extra
 * header between the length field and the message body.  You have to specify a
 * positive <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt> so that the decoder counts the extra
 * header into the frame length calculation.
 * <pre>
 * lengthFieldOffset   = 0
 * lengthFieldLength   = 3
 * <b>lengthAdjustment</b>    = <b>2</b> (= the length of Header 1)
 * initialBytesToStrip = 0
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (17 bytes)                      AFTER DECODE (17 bytes)
 * +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+
 * |  Length  | Header 1 | Actual Content |----->|  Length  | Header 1 | Actual Content |
 * | 0x00000C |  0xCAFE  | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0x00000C |  0xCAFE  | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+
 * </pre>

長度域沒有偏移，並且長度域的長度為3。為了把header也算在給使用者的資料裡面，需要在長度域的長度0x00000C也就是12上面加2才能得到header1加上內容的長度，所以需要在lengthAdjustment調整值上面加2。

例子6：

 * <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 1 in the middle of 4 bytes header,
 *     strip the first header field and the length field</h3>
 *
 * This is a combination of all the examples above.  There are the prepended
 * header before the length field and the extra header after the length field.
 * The prepended header affects the <tt>lengthFieldOffset</tt> and the extra
 * header affects the <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt>.  We also specified a non-zero
 * <tt>initialBytesToStrip</tt> to strip the length field and the prepended
 * header from the frame.  If you don't want to strip the prepended header, you
 * could specify <tt>0</tt> for <tt>initialBytesToSkip</tt>.
 * <pre>
 * lengthFieldOffset   = 1 (= the length of HDR1)
 * lengthFieldLength   = 2
 * <b>lengthAdjustment</b>    = <b>1</b> (= the length of HDR2)
 * <b>initialBytesToStrip</b> = <b>3</b> (= the length of HDR1 + LEN)
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (16 bytes)                       AFTER DECODE (13 bytes)
 * +------+--------+------+----------------+      +------+----------------+
 * | HDR1 | Length | HDR2 | Actual Content |----->| HDR2 | Actual Content |
 * | 0xCA | 0x000C | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +------+--------+------+----------------+      +------+----------------+
 * </pre>

長度域偏移一個位元組；長度域長度為2；調整值為1，也就是內容需要加上HER2，長度為1；另外這裡返回給 使用者的內容跳過了三個位元組，也就是把HDR1和Length長度域跳過了。

例子7：

 * <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 1 in the middle of 4 bytes header,
 *     strip the first header field and the length field, the length field
 *     represents the length of the whole message</h3>
 *
 * Let's give another twist to the previous example.  The only difference from
 * the previous example is that the length field represents the length of the
 * whole message instead of the message body, just like the third example.
 * We have to count the length of HDR1 and Length into <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt>.
 * Please note that we don't need to take the length of HDR2 into account
 * because the length field already includes the whole header length.
 * <pre>
 * lengthFieldOffset   =  1
 * lengthFieldLength   =  2
 * <b>lengthAdjustment</b>    = <b>-3</b> (= the length of HDR1 + LEN, negative)
 * <b>initialBytesToStrip</b> = <b> 3</b>
 *
 * BEFORE DECODE (16 bytes)                       AFTER DECODE (13 bytes)
 * +------+--------+------+----------------+      +------+----------------+
 * | HDR1 | Length | HDR2 | Actual Content |----->| HDR2 | Actual Content |
 * | 0xCA | 0x0010 | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |
 * +------+--------+------+----------------+      +------+----------------+
 * </pre>

長度域偏移為1；長度域長度為2；長度域表示的長度需要減去HDR的長度和Length長度域的長度，也就是3，因為長度域表示的內容是整個資料段的內容，需要把這些沒必要的內容例如HDR1和長度域減掉；最後返回給使用者需要跳過前三個位元組，也就是HDR1和Length。

最後我們看一下LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder的一些成員變數：

public class LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {

    private final ByteOrder byteOrder;
    private final int maxFrameLength;
    private final int lengthFieldOffset;
    private final int lengthFieldLength;
    private final int lengthFieldEndOffset;
    private final int lengthAdjustment;
    private final int initialBytesToStrip;
    private final boolean failFast;
    private boolean discardingTooLongFrame;
    private long tooLongFrameLength;
    private long bytesToDiscard;

除去我們剛剛說的那4個，還有maxFrameLength，我們解析出來的資料不能超過的範圍；lengthFieldEndOffset，顧名思義，從後面開始做偏移；failFast是否快速失敗模式；discardingTooLongFrame，是否已經進入了丟棄模式；tooLongFrameLength，已經丟棄的長度；bytesToDiscard，需要丟棄的長度。