Redhat配置郵件伺服器（postfix+dovecot）
本實驗在redhat虛擬機器中實現：（虛擬機器通過橋接方式連線PC）
PC IP:192.168.0.102 閘道器：192.168.0.1(路由器）DNS:192.168.0.1
Redhat IP:192.168.0.105 閘道器：192.168.0.1(路由器）DNS:192.168.0.1
PC端安裝foxmail郵件客戶端測試，訪問方式1.以IP形式（較簡單，可不用DNS）；2.域名形式
DNS伺服器: 192.168.0.105 域名： anyone.com 郵件伺服器：mail.anyone.com 192.168.0.105
以IP形式訪問
1. 安裝postfix
先解除安裝sendmail rmp -e sendmail --nodeps
安裝postfix yum -y install postfix
2.修改postfix 配置檔案main.cf more /etc/postfix/main.cf
myhostname = mail.anyone.com mydomain = anyone.com myorigin = $myhostname myorigin = $mydomain inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost, localhost.$mydomain
3. 安裝dovecot
yum -y install dovecot
4.修改dovecot配置檔案 /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
more /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf|grep -v ^#|grep -v ^$ protocols = imap pop3 lmtp listen = * 修改/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf disable_plaintext_auth = no
修改/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
5.新增測試賬號user1, user2 ，並分別登入建立目錄用以儲存使用者郵件。 user1$ mkdir ~/Maildir
6.開啟postfix 和dovecot
service postfix start serviece dovecot start
檢視日誌資訊，主要用於排錯。
tail -f /var/log/maillog
7.虛擬機器上不用修改IP等資訊
[email protected] ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:BA:16
inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[[email protected] ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
[[email protected] ~]# PC上安裝客戶端測試：
以域名形式訪問：
配置DNS 參考上一篇《Redhat配置BIND》 a.在/etc/named.rfc1912.zones檔案中新增區域配置檔案
zone "anyone.com" IN { type master; file "anyone.com.zone.bak"; allow-update { none; }; };
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "0.168.192.zone"; allow-update { none; }; };
b.在/var/named 目錄下建立anyone.com.zone.bak、0.168.192.zone區域檔案，實現正反解析。
[[email protected] named]# more anyone.com.zone.bak
$TTL 600
$ORIGIN anyone.com.
@ IN SOA ns1.anyone.com. admin.anyone.com. (
20180930 ; serial
1H ; refresh
1M ; retry
1W ; expire
10M ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1
IN MX 10 mail
ns1 IN A 192.168.0.105
mail IN A 192.168.0.105
www IN A 192.168.0.105
* IN A 192.168.0.105
[[email protected] named]# more 0.168.192.zone
$TTL 600
@ IN SOA ns1.anyone.com. admin.anyone.com. (
20180931 ; serial
1H ; refresh
1M ; retry
1W ; expire
10M ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.anyone.com.
105 IN PTR ns1.anyone.com.
105 IN PTR www.anyone.com.
105 IN PTR mail.anyone.com.c.修改/etc/resolv.conf修改DNS地址為192.168.0.105，並測試。
[[email protected] named]# more /etc/host.conf
#order hosts, dns
[[email protected] named]# more /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.0.105
[[email protected] named]# service named start
Starting named: [ OK ]
[[email protected] named]# dig mail.anyone.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.68.rc1.el6_10.1 <<>> mail.anyone.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42127
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mail.anyone.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
mail.anyone.com. 600 IN A 192.168.0.105
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
anyone.com. 600 IN NS ns1.anyone.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.anyone.com. 600 IN A 192.168.0.105
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.105#53(192.168.0.105)
;; WHEN: Tue Oct 2 02:08:23 2018
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 83
[[email protected] named]#d.PC端網路連線手動指定DNS為192.168.0.105，測試後並重新整理DNS
D:\>nslookup mail.anyone.com 伺服器: ns1.anyone.com Address: 192.168.0.105
名稱: mail.anyone.com Address: 192.168.0.105
D:\>ipconfig /flushdns
Windows IP 配置
已成功重新整理 DNS 解析快取。
D:\>
e.PC端測試收發郵件。
至此，郵件伺服器已搭建完畢，通過橋接方式方便測試，不過不能實現公網訪問，如要實現，可以從服務商購買一個域名，
指向本機PC公網地址，路由器端做埠對映指向本機私網地址。鑑於運營商封鎖了web伺服器80埠，以及工信部備案。
可以購買阿里雲、騰訊雲部署各種服務。