當我們有有的自己的伺服器就可以搭建一個ftp伺服器，可以自己放進去一些東西，這樣以後下載的話會很方便，而且伺服器端速度很快（所以快慢基本就看自己下載段的速度了．

1. 更新一些伺服器上的檔案檔案源

sudo apt-get update

2. 下載vsftpd軟體

sudo apt-get install vsftpd
之後就等著下完

3. 配置ftp登入的使用者

ftp伺服器也是和正常ssh登入一樣，也是需要使用者指令的．當我們下載完vsftpd後，我們系統上就會多出一個ftp使用者和ftp組，當然這個ftp使用者是不能直接登入的．因此，我們也要為ftp建立一個使用者，當然這個使用者所在的組就是ftp組．例如，建立一個test:123456　的使用者，如下：

sudo useradd test -g ftp -d /home/    //在/home資料夾下建立該使用者
之後會提示你密碼，當然太簡單的密碼無法通過

4. 配置vsftpd配置

在/etc/目錄下有個vsftp.conf檔案，該檔案是ftp伺服器的主要配置檔案，用vm開啟，對裡面的檔案進行修改.下面貼出我的檔案：

後面會對其中一些做出簡要說明，要說明的的放會有 注（num）：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO  #注1： 
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO  #注2:
userlist_deny=YES

#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES＃注３
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=hellow! Welcome to Curve's FTP service.＃注４
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES           ＃注５
chroot_list_enable=YES
local_root=/var/ftp        #注６
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES
 

LISTEN = NO :這個值只能為NO，如果改為YES的話，啟動時會出錯
anonymous_enable=NO :是否允許匿名登入，不做匿名的話就不重要
write_enable=YES　:設定可以上傳檔案
ftpd_banner= :設定登入是可以看到的資訊，可以任意修改

chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
對ftp登入的使用者進行限制具體請參考．

local_root=/var/ftp　：設定根目錄所在的位置，可以自己設定．注意可能會需要許可權此時加上下面兩條語句，如這個例子，
chown -R test ftp //test為要ftp登入的使用者名稱，第二個為資料夾
chgrp -R ftp ftp //第一個ftp　為ftp組

5. 對ftp使用者訪問進行配置

• 設定test使用者只能夠ftp登入，不能ssh登入

  usermod -s /sbin/nologin test
  

• 修改/etc/ftpusers.這個目錄是設定禁止ftp登入使用者的因此，如果有自己想讓登入的使用者，那就直接刪掉

• 增加/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list檔案，這個和上面那個注５是相關的，在我的配置下的話，要增加使用者名稱,因此直接增加test

• 此時當你試著連線時，可能仍舊出現“530 Login incorrect”,修改/etc/shells檔案，後面新增以下內容：/sbin/nologin/

• 登入時可能會出現的錯誤＂refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()＂，問題在於啟用了chroot的話，根目錄要設定為不可寫

chmod a-w /home/test

• 當然還能夠限制那些使用者可以登入，當如不加也是可以的參考源

  首先修改vsftpd.cong檔案
   userlist_enable=YES //設定使用者訪問列表
   #允許登入的使用者 
  userlist_file=/etc/allowed_users //設定該列表所在的位置
  #最後，對其進行修改，加入自己想要新增進的使用者名稱即可
  ```
  
  
  

最最後，重新啟動vsftpd程序

server vsftpd restart

6. 登入時常用登入命令

• 自己可以下載個ftp連線的軟體，這裡說明一下linux終端命令所需的常用命令

1. 登入：
   • ftp ip 例如ftp 1.1.1.1
   • 直接ftp進入ftp命令列　用open ip
     之後會讓你輸入使用者名稱和密碼
   • 關閉連線輸入close
   • 推出ftp命令列bye
2. 列出當下目錄中檔案內容：
   • ls或者dir
     注意用ls很多此的話，可能會出現連線錯誤，dir目前還為發現
3. 目錄切換
   cd 命令
4. 下載檔案
   • get|mget 目的檔案 下載位置．
     get下載單個檔案，mget下載多個檔案．*.*代表所有檔案
5. 上傳檔案
   • put local_filt remote_file

下面附上學習時所參考文章的來源，感謝各位大佬文章
參考文章1 　 參考文章2 　 參考文章3 　參考文章4　參考文章5 　參考文章6
當然，還有一些學習是所看過的文章，由於看時還沒有開始寫這個文章．因此，有些知識也不知道了來源，因此沒附地址．