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一 實驗目標

1 掌握mysqldump用法
2 掌握 mysqldump 完全備份，增量備份
3 掌握 mysqldump 恢復數據庫，二進制日誌即時點還原

二 實驗環境

操作系統：CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
應用軟件：percona-server-5.6.29-76.2

三 備份策略

周完全+每日增量
完全備份： 使用mysqldump備份所有庫
增量備份： 備份二進制日誌文件

四 模擬過程

4.1 實驗前準備

導入jiaowu.sql 數據
[root@paul ~]# mysql < /root/jiaowu.sql
[root@paul ~]# mysql

mysql> show databases;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> use jiaowu;

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+

| Tables_in_jiaowu |
+------------------+
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| tutors |
+------------------+

4.2 用mysqldump 做完全備份

[root@paul ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --master-data=2 --lock-all-tables --flush-logs --all-databases > /root/alldatabases.sql

連接mysql

[root@paul ~]# mysql
 mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
 

+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 10389 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+

刪掉舊二進制日誌
mysql> PURGE BINARY LOGS TO ‘mysql-bin.000002‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4.3 第一天增量備份

模擬數據庫修改，刪掉部分數據

[root@paul ~]# mysql
mysql> use jiaowu;
mysql> SELECT * FROM tutors;

+-----+--------------+--------+------+
| TID | Tname | Gender | Age |
+-----+--------------+--------+------+
| 1 | HongQigong | M | 93 |
| 2 | HuangYaoshi | M | 63 |
| 3 | Miejueshitai | F | 72 |
| 4 | OuYangfeng | M | 76 |
| 5 | YiDeng | M | 90 |
| 6 | YuCanghai | M | 56 |
| 7 | Jinlunfawang | M | 67 |
| 8 | HuYidao | M | 42 |
| 9 | NingZhongze | F | 49 |
+-----+--------------+--------+------+

mysql> DELETE FROM tutors WHERE Age>90;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH LOGS;

mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 390 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+
mysql> quit;
[root@paul ~]# ls -l /data/mysql
[root@paul ~]# cp -a /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 /root/
將二進制日誌文件轉換為sql腳本
[root@paul ~]# mysqlbinlog /root/mysql-bin.000002 > /root/mon-incremental.sql

4.4 第二天數據庫增量備份

[root@paul ~]# mysql

mysql> use jiaowu;
mysql> INSERT INTO tutors (Tname) VALUES (‘stu123‘);
mysql> FLUSH LOGS;
mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 390 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 435 |
| mysql-bin.000004 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+
mysql> QUIT;

備份第二天二進制日誌文件
[root@paul ~]# cp -a /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 /root/

4.5 刪掉數據庫，模擬數據損壞（已提前備份好數據和二進制日誌文件）

[root@paul ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@paul ~]# service mysqld stop
MySQL (Percona Server) PID file could not be found! [FAILED]
[root@paul ~]# killall mysqld
初始化mysql

[root@paul ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db
--user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@paul ~]# service mysqld start

4.6 還原完全備份

[root@paul ~]# mysql -uroot -p < /root/alldatabases.sql

4.7 恢復第一天增量備份

[root@paul ~]# mysqlbinlog /root/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot –p

4.8 恢復第二天增量備份

[root@paul ~]# mysqlbinlog /root/mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -uroot -p

mysqldump完全備份 和 二進制即時點還原數據庫