1. 程式人生 > >Ubuntu下面MySQL的引數檔案my.cnf淺析

Ubuntu下面MySQL的引數檔案my.cnf淺析

前幾天剛接手一個 MySQL 資料,作業系統為Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS,  資料庫版本為 5.7.23-0ubuntu0.16.04.1(APT方式安裝的MySQL)。這個作業系統下的 MySQL 的配置檔案 my.cnf 很多地方都讓人有點不適應(跟之前的 MySQL 環境有些出入,之前都是維護 RHEL、CentOS 等作業系統環境下的 MySQL)。遂研究總結了一下。具體如下所示:

[email protected]:~# find / -name "my.cnf"
/etc/alternatives/my.cnf
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf
[email protected]
:~# locate my.cnf /etc/alternatives/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf [email protected]:~# mysql --help | grep my.cnf order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf [email protected]
:~# mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A 1 'Default options' Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

從上面這些資訊判斷,MySQL 的引數檔案為 /etc/mysql/my.cnf, 但是其他幾個 my.cnf 又是什麼情況呢?

[email protected]:~# ls -lrt /etc/alternatives/my.cnf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Sep 28 16:28 /etc/alternatives/my.cnf -> /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf

從上面資訊可以看出,/etc/alternatives/my.cnf 其實是一個軟連線,指向引數檔案 /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf

[email protected]:~# cat /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf
auto
/etc/mysql/my.cnf

/etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback
100
/etc/mysql/mysql.cnf
200

光從上面這些資訊,我們還看不出 /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf 與其它配置檔案 my.cnf 是什麼關係。那麼我們先來看看引數檔案 /etc/mysql/my.cnf,從下面資訊,可以看出 /etc/mysql/my.cnf” 是全域性配置,~/.my.cnf” 隱藏檔案是個人使用者設定。

[email protected]:~# cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

但是 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 引數檔案下面沒有任何引數設定,只看到下面兩行設定,表示匯入這兩個目錄裡面的配置檔案。

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

# 表示包含 /etc/mysql/conf.d/ 這個路徑下面的配置檔案,前提是必須以為 .cnf 為字尾

!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

# 表示包含 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ 這個路徑下面的配置檔案,前提是必須以為 .cnf 為字尾

其實MySQL的相關配置都位於 mysqld.cnf(/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf)下面。使用相關引數測試了一下,確實都能生效。這種設定確實有點讓剛接觸的人有點不適應。暫時先總結到此!

[email protected]:~# cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
[email protected]:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# ls -lrt
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   21 Feb  4  2017 mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3148 Oct  6 23:34 mysqld.cnf
[email protected]:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# cat mysqld.cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

[mysqld_safe]
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice            = 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
log_bin        =  mylnx12_bin
server_id      = 0
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci

#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 10.21.6.7
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer_size         = 16M
max_allowed_packet      = 100M
thread_stack            = 192K
thread_cache_size       = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover-options  = BACKUP
#max_connections        = 100
#table_cache            = 64
#thread_concurrency     = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit       = 1M
query_cache_size        = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries       = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id              = 1
#log_bin                        = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days        = 10
max_binlog_size   = 100M
#binlog_do_db           = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db       = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
#: ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem