前言

首先說明一點，在CentOS 7.2下系統自帶python 2.7，如果對版本有更高要求則需要升級，本文安裝的是python2 和 python 3 共存環境。 Linux下部署python（3.6）環境（事實上就是安裝python啦）有3種簡單方法，可任選其一。

1. 下載python原始碼包編譯安裝
2. 使用系統的包管理工具一鍵式安裝 如RedHat系列（CentOS,Fedora）的yum，Ubuntu系列的apt。
3. 或者直接Anaconda Anaconda指的是一個開源的Python發行版本，其包含了conda、Python等180多個科學包及其依賴項。如果只需要某些包，或者需要節省頻寬或儲存空間，也可以使用Miniconda這個較小的發行版（僅包含conda和 Python）。

原始碼編譯安裝

1/2_執行命令下載原始碼，編譯，安裝。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos home]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tgz
[[email protected]_0_13_centos home]# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.2.tgz
[[email protected]_0_13_centos home]# cd Python-3.6.2/
[[email protected]_0_13_centos Python-3.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[
 
[email protected]_0_13_centos Python-3.6.2]# make
[[email protected]_0_13_centos Python-3.6.2]# make install

2/2_建立軟連線，測試

[[email protected]_0_13_centos Python-3.6.2]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[[email protected]_0_13_centos Python-3.6.2]# python3 --version                           Python 3.6.2
 

YUM方式

1/4_安裝EPEL和IUS源

EPEL的全稱叫 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 。EPEL是由 Fedora 社群打造，為 RHEL 及衍生髮行版如 CentOS、Scientific Linux 等提供高質量軟體包的專案。裝上了 EPEL之後，就相當於添加了一個第三方源。IUS只為RHEL和CentOS這兩個發行版提供較新版本的rpm包。如果在os或epel找不到某個軟體的新版rpm，軟體官方又只提供原始碼包的時候，可以來ius源中找，幾乎都能找到。 下面詳細說明安裝過程，黃色陰影部分為輸入的命令。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# yum install epel-release

Total download size: 15 k Installed size: 24 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Installed: epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 Complete! [[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# yum install https://centos7.iuscommunity.org/ius-release.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration ius-release.rpm

Install 1 Package Total size: 8.5 k Installed size: 8.5 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Installed: ius-release.noarch 0:1.0-15.ius.centos7 Complete!

2/4_安裝python 3.6

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# yum install python36u Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

• ius: mirrors.tongji.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies –> Running transaction check

Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 8.8 M Installed size: 40 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY Importing GPG key 0x9CD4953F: Userid : “IUS Community Project [email protected]” Fingerprint: 8b84 6e3a b3fe 6462 74e8 670f da22 1cdf 9cd4 953f Package : ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos7.noarch (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY Is this ok [y/N]: y Dependency Installed: python36u-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.5-1.ius.centos7 Complete!

3/4_配置常用命令

首先使用一下python，python3，以及python3.6命令試試。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# python --version
Python 2.7.5
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# python3 --version
-bash: python3: command not found
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# python3.6 --version
Python 3.6.5

預設python版本為python 2.7，但是python 3會更經常用一些。所以最好是，也有必要建立一個軟連線，目的是使python3 這個命令有效。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# python3 --version
Python 3.6.5

4/4_安裝pip

這是一個通用的 Python 包管理工具。提供了對 Python 包的查詢、下載、安裝、解除安裝的功能。可以說是不可缺少的 [[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# yum install python36u-pip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 2.4 M Installed size: 13 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Complete! 同樣是建立一個軟連結。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# ln -s /bin/pip3.6 /bin/pip
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# pip --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)

這樣就OK啦。

Anaconda安裝

1/3_下載anaconda

2/3_安裝Anaconda

執行安裝命令安裝Anaconda,安裝過程有幾處選項需要選，不要把Enter按的太快而錯過，下面詳細說明。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# sh Anaconda3-5.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

• 2.1 Entet 開始 Please, press ENTER to continue >>>

• 2.2 同意條款

Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no] [no] >>> yes

• 2.3 安裝位置可選（最好是自定義位置安裝），一般來說安在這裡

Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location: /root/anaconda3

• Press ENTER to confirm the location
• Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
• Or specify a different location below [/root/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/anaconda3 PREFIX=/usr/local/anaconda3 然後就開始安裝了…

Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location to PATH in your /root/.bashrc ? [yes|no] [no] >>> yes Appending source /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/activate to /root/.bashrc A backup will be made to: /root/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak

For this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

• 2.5 安裝已經完成 問安不安vscode，選擇不安裝。

Vscode ? no Do you wish to proceed with the installation of Microsoft VSCode? [yes|no] >>> no

3/3_測試anaconda

首先執行命令使甘剛剛的設定立即生效。 [[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# source ~/.bashrc 然後測試一下以下命令

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# python --version
Python 3.6.5 :: Anaconda, Inc.
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# conda --version
conda 4.5.4

OK

. . . . . .