轉自：https://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/51564235

 

Hive的meta資料支援以下三種儲存方式，其中兩種屬於本地儲存，一種為遠端儲存。遠端儲存比較適合生產環境。Hive官方wiki詳細介紹了這三種方式，連結為：Hive Metastore。

 

一、本地derby

 

這種方式是最簡單的儲存方式，只需要在hive-site.xml做如下配置便可。

 

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

    <property>

      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

      <value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>

    </property>

    

    <property>

      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

      <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>

    </property>

    

    <property>

      <name>hive.metastore.local</name>

      <value>true</value>

    </property>

    

    <property>

      <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

      <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

    </property>

    

    <property>

      <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

      <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

    </property>

</configuration>

注：使用derby儲存方式時，執行hive會在當前目錄生成一個derby檔案和一個metastore_db目錄。這種儲存方式的弊端是在同一個目錄下同時只能有一個hive客戶端能使用資料庫，否則會提示如下錯誤

hive> show tables;

FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

NestedThrowables:

java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

二、本地mysql

 

這種儲存方式需要在本地執行一個mysql伺服器，並作如下配置（下面兩種使用mysql的方式，需要將mysql的jar包拷貝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目錄下）。

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>

  <value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>hive</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>password</value>

</property>

</configuration>

三、遠端mysql

 

這種儲存方式需要在遠端伺服器執行一個MySQL伺服器，並且需要在Hive伺服器啟動meta服務。

這裡用mysql的測試伺服器，ip位192.168.1.100，新建hive_remote資料庫，字符集位latine1

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.100:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>hive</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>password</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>

  <value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

  <value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>

</property>

</configuration>

注：這裡把hive的服務端和客戶端都放在同一臺伺服器上了。服務端和客戶端可以拆開，將hive-site.xml配置檔案拆為如下兩部分

 1）、服務端配置檔案

 

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.100:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>root</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>test1234</value>

</property>

</configuration>

 2）、客戶端配置檔案

 

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>

  <value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

  <value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>

</property>

</configuration>

啟動hive服務端程式

$ hive --service metastore

客戶端直接使用hive命令即可

[email protected]:~$ hive

Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201301301416_955801255.txt

hive> show tables;

OK

test_hive

Time taken: 0.736 seconds

hive>