.net開發以太坊區塊鏈如何與Nethereum互動
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-16
最近，我有時間在以太坊區塊鏈上玩智慧合約。此示例將重點關注使用Nethereum庫與智慧合約進行互動。
最初我想看看Eth Gas Station上發現的合約0x2a0c0dbecc7e4d658f48e01e3fa353f44050c208中發生的事件，但是在輕模式下獲得geth同步被證明是一個非常大的挑戰。在快速模式下同步也很慢：幾個小時取決於你的連線速度。由於我希望我的示例儘可能無縫地工作，因此在測試區塊鏈上部署起來更容易：ganache-cli。
因此，示例的第一部分是使用ganache-cli本地區塊鏈，並從Nethereum文件部署示例合約。
ganache-cli
Ganache-cli將在每次執行時生成測試帳戶。為了確保它們不會更改（更容易進行測試，但從不在生產中使用這些帳戶！），使用助記符引數。不要忘記對映用於連線節點的埠8545。
docker run --rm -ti -p 8545:8545 trufflesuite/ganache-cli --mnemonic "johnny mnemonic"
這個命令的結果是：
Ganache CLI v6.1.0 (ganache-core: 2.1.0) Available Accounts ================== (0) 0x4efd4ab8293b3b8179d9dbf9ade1ae00d83eb314 (1) 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187 (2) 0x6824385051e746ef4c1c6b4ae7e56a381a95d54a (3) 0x338da826cf7a3c9a68f00a9e922eeed5ca1e8211 (4) 0x8dcc6e12c380a80329e6108ad9b04b78e561d65a (5) 0xcee6938394b0fa55c45d08ad588cd84af89a14df (6) 0x70ab1d88d6980b0d192f3521f8862ac4dca68567 (7) 0xe20547f96055fbd2c3a2263e71cd4adb74b69349 (8) 0x79bef342f6bc8e0b34bcf51e55bf73611aeeb2c4 (9) 0xa24982b1e3c6be086465971c9e7e7e8ad44fdf48 Private Keys ================== (0) 3f22cc3e1757c4a69de7e249c99e4217d4a0017157247a863cc7fb61e5a16ec8 (1) 8cfce94fa87c2e937d2c901b6193802900e3a9b15bdfe9aaeb1cbb9e9b46d485 (2) 3b9f3f9087260beb3c81a7fa105e0c0714cf30964d726a25cafb883bf3589c2e (3) 14886ce9c977b5b181cfc01ded5a9f4753f4340623bed643cd7ea89a777e36e7 (4) c8486cd25cb5278481eef49cb689905511f0ebd77101c3f87bb25c152d8a248a (5) 6ba903be3121fdacb40b677f8f5c0a400e9ff06d0632f4f9c0fcaf5ef4cf989e (6) 3141fae5ba12e4a00260f9aec8fafa0d60e0339a4d68145c4950eaab67e55e79 (7) cb3a94619a4ced15e0efea940e74c8b5c45b4af7dddc38ad50a0b474cc633ed1 (8) a3b3c325cb77497c5f6ac65a169aa9bdbdc1387d9367f5ab4d83c76b18ed2651 (9) 59b034e79634893393a58ed2be861c459c200be8622a04c267f90ad7a44607ca HD Wallet ================== Mnemonic: johnny mnemonic Base HD Path: m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index} Listening on localhost:8545
現在我們已準備好本地測試區塊鏈並等待合約。
Nethereum客戶端
與以太坊區塊鏈互動涉及幾個步驟。
- 建立合約程式碼
- 編譯二進位制檔案
- 解鎖帳戶以傳送要處理的交易
- 部署二進位制檔案
- 與合約互動
合約程式碼
我們將使用Nethereum文件中的示例：
contract test { uint _multiplier; event Multiplied(uint indexed a, address indexed sender, uint result); function test(uint multiplier){ _multiplier = multiplier; } function multiply(uint a) returns(uint r) { r = a * _multiplier; emit Multiplied(a, msg.sender, r); return r; } }
程式碼編譯將成為下一篇文章的一部分。目前我只需複製並貼上應用程式二進位制介面（ABI）和位元組碼:)
解鎖帳戶
如果你要傳送需要支付費用的交易，則需要解鎖該帳戶。這筆費用是以gas支付的，gas價格各不相同。
在此示例中，帳戶已解鎖30分鐘，但在現實生活中，這應該更少:)
Log($"Using geth node {node}");
var web3 = new Web3(node);
Log($"Unlocking account {senderAddress}");
var unlockAccountResult = await web3.Personal.UnlockAccount.SendRequestAsync(senderAddress, senderPassword, 1200).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"-> Success: {unlockAccountResult}");
var funds = await web3.Eth.GetBalance.SendRequestAsync(senderAddress).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"Account {senderAddress} has {UnitConversion.Convert.FromWei(funds.Value)} eth");
gas估算和部署
Nethereum提供了一種方便的功能來估算函式和合約部署的gas成本。否則你需要提供任意金額（希望足夠高）。
傳送交易後，我們將等待它被挖掘：然後我們可以獲得包含交易資訊的收據：
- 區塊號
- 合約地址
- 用過的gas
var gasPrice = await web3.Eth.GasPrice.SendRequestAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"Gas price is {gasPrice.Value} wei");
var multiplier = 7;
var gasDeploy = await web3.Eth.DeployContract.EstimateGasAsync(abi, contractByteCode, senderAddress, multiplier).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"Deploying contract with multiplier {multiplier} using {gasDeploy.Value} gas");
var receipt = await web3.Eth.DeployContract.SendRequestAndWaitForReceiptAsync(abi, contractByteCode, senderAddress, gasDeploy, null, multiplier).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"-> Done at block {receipt.BlockNumber.Value} using {receipt.CumulativeGasUsed.Value} gas");
Log($"-> Contract address is {receipt.ContractAddress}");
呼叫函式
函式呼叫遵循相同的模式：估計gas，傳送交易並等待接收。
var contract = web3.Eth.GetContract(abi, receipt.ContractAddress);
var multiplyFunction = contract.GetFunction("multiply");
var gas7 = await multiplyFunction.EstimateGasAsync(7).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"Multiply 7 by {multiplier} using {gas7.Value} gas");
var receipt7 = await multiplyFunction.SendTransactionAndWaitForReceiptAsync(senderAddress, gas7, null, null, 7).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"-> Done at block {receipt7.BlockNumber.Value} using {receipt7.CumulativeGasUsed.Value} gas");
監聽事件
在監聽事件之前，我們需要為它建立一個過濾器。之後，將檢索在建立過濾器之後（或在最後一次呼叫GetFilterChanges之後）發生的事件。
Log($"Creating filter for all events");
var filterAll = await multiplyEvent.CreateFilterAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
Log("Get all events");
var log = await multiplyEvent.GetFilterChanges<MultipliedEvent>(filterAll).ConfigureAwait(false);
Log($"-> Got {log.Count}");
foreach (var evt in log)
{
Log($"-> Block {evt.Log.BlockNumber.Value} : {evt.Event.MultiplicationInput} * {multiplier} = {evt.Event.Result}");
}
執行客戶端和節點
執行docker-compose up --build --abort-on-container-exit將啟動兩個容器，並在客戶端完成後停止。
Attaching to samplenethereumtruffle_geth_1, samplenethereumtruffle_client_1
client_1 | Waiting 5 seconds.
geth_1 | Ganache CLI v6.1.0 (ganache-core: 2.1.0)
geth_1 |
geth_1 | Available Accounts
geth_1 | ==================
geth_1 | (0) 0x4efd4ab8293b3b8179d9dbf9ade1ae00d83eb314
geth_1 | (1) 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187
geth_1 | (2) 0x6824385051e746ef4c1c6b4ae7e56a381a95d54a
geth_1 | (3) 0x338da826cf7a3c9a68f00a9e922eeed5ca1e8211
geth_1 | (4) 0x8dcc6e12c380a80329e6108ad9b04b78e561d65a
geth_1 | (5) 0xcee6938394b0fa55c45d08ad588cd84af89a14df
geth_1 | (6) 0x70ab1d88d6980b0d192f3521f8862ac4dca68567
geth_1 | (7) 0xe20547f96055fbd2c3a2263e71cd4adb74b69349
geth_1 | (8) 0x79bef342f6bc8e0b34bcf51e55bf73611aeeb2c4
geth_1 | (9) 0xa24982b1e3c6be086465971c9e7e7e8ad44fdf48
geth_1 |
geth_1 | Private Keys
geth_1 | ==================
geth_1 | (0) 3f22cc3e1757c4a69de7e249c99e4217d4a0017157247a863cc7fb61e5a16ec8
geth_1 | (1) 8cfce94fa87c2e937d2c901b6193802900e3a9b15bdfe9aaeb1cbb9e9b46d485
geth_1 | (2) 3b9f3f9087260beb3c81a7fa105e0c0714cf30964d726a25cafb883bf3589c2e
geth_1 | (3) 14886ce9c977b5b181cfc01ded5a9f4753f4340623bed643cd7ea89a777e36e7
geth_1 | (4) c8486cd25cb5278481eef49cb689905511f0ebd77101c3f87bb25c152d8a248a
geth_1 | (5) 6ba903be3121fdacb40b677f8f5c0a400e9ff06d0632f4f9c0fcaf5ef4cf989e
geth_1 | (6) 3141fae5ba12e4a00260f9aec8fafa0d60e0339a4d68145c4950eaab67e55e79
geth_1 | (7) cb3a94619a4ced15e0efea940e74c8b5c45b4af7dddc38ad50a0b474cc633ed1
geth_1 | (8) a3b3c325cb77497c5f6ac65a169aa9bdbdc1387d9367f5ab4d83c76b18ed2651
geth_1 | (9) 59b034e79634893393a58ed2be861c459c200be8622a04c267f90ad7a44607ca
geth_1 |
geth_1 | HD Wallet
geth_1 | ==================
geth_1 | Mnemonic: johnny mnemonic
geth_1 | Base HD Path: m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
geth_1 |
geth_1 | Listening on localhost:8545
client_1 | Using geth node http://geth:8545
client_1 | Unlocking account 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187
geth_1 | personal_unlockAccount
client_1 | -> Success: True
geth_1 | eth_getBalance
client_1 | Account 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187 has 100 eth
geth_1 | eth_gasPrice
client_1 | Gas price is 20000000000 wei
geth_1 | eth_estimateGas
client_1 | Deploying contract with multiplier 7 using 128999 gas
geth_1 | eth_sendTransaction
geth_1 |
geth_1 | Transaction: 0xd22f0cca420a4fb1771f800e143aec97792e71d4b3fba2b35b428bac86746c0e
geth_1 | Contract created: 0xc080107e84a8bc84c914cd738f2c280dd3bdf693
geth_1 | Gas usage: 128999
geth_1 | Block Number: 1
geth_1 | Block Time: Wed Apr 25 2018 21:38:55 GMT+0000 (UTC)
geth_1 |
geth_1 | eth_getTransactionReceipt
geth_1 | eth_getCode
client_1 | -> Done at block 1 using 128999 gas
client_1 | -> Contract address is 0xc080107e84a8bc84c914cd738f2c280dd3bdf693
client_1 | Creating filter for all events
geth_1 | eth_newFilter
geth_1 | eth_estimateGas
client_1 | Multiply 7 by 7 using 23711 gas
geth_1 | eth_sendTransaction
geth_1 |
geth_1 | Transaction: 0x01f20d02da08cb41db016d7247e26b5bfde5908cd1d9e77634aff590b4189fd5
geth_1 | Gas usage: 23711
geth_1 | Block Number: 2
geth_1 | Block Time: Wed Apr 25 2018 21:38:56 GMT+0000 (UTC)
geth_1 |
geth_1 | eth_getTransactionReceipt
client_1 | -> Done at block 2 using 23711 gas
geth_1 | eth_estimateGas
client_1 | Multiply 8 by 7 using 23711 gas
geth_1 | eth_sendTransaction
geth_1 |
geth_1 | Transaction: 0x976f1812f5adc0c16e9625535eded5ad5ef1d396d7c99963cd138bf19d9af421
geth_1 | Gas usage: 23711
geth_1 | Block Number: 3
geth_1 | Block Time: Wed Apr 25 2018 21:38:56 GMT+0000 (UTC)
geth_1 |
geth_1 | eth_getTransactionReceipt
client_1 | -> Done at block 2 using 23711 gas
client_1 | Get all events
client_1 | -> No event received
geth_1 | eth_getFilterChanges
client_1 | Done. Exiting.
沒有收到任何事件…看起來像正在實施的功能。雖然我不想等待它，但我決定看一下執行私有Geth節點。
私有geth節點
第1步：建立genesis檔案
雖然ganache-cli預設提供100eth，但是在私有Geth節點中為帳戶提供資金是通過在genesis.json檔案中新增它們來完成的。為簡單起見，我們將重用ganache帳戶。
{
"config": {
"chainId": 0,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0
},
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"difficulty": "0x20000",
"extraData": "",
"gasLimit": "0x2fefd8",
"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
"mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp": "0x00",
"alloc": {
"0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187": {
"balance": "0xF00000000000000000"
}
}
}
第2步：初始化geth節點
然後需要使用geth init命令初始化節點。如果你的網路中還有其他節點，則還需要初始化它們。
RUN geth init data/genesis_clique.json
第3步：匯入帳戶
我們需要使用geth account import命令匯入帳戶，帳戶私鑰和密碼。
RUN geth account import data/account1.key --password data/account1.pass
第4步：使用挖掘執行geth
該節點以--maxpeers = 0和--nodiscover啟動，以確保沒有人可以連線到它，並且它不會分別嘗試發現。
ENTRYPOINT [ "geth", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers=0", "--rpc", "--rpcapi=eth,web3,personal,net,miner,admin,debug", "--rpcvhosts=geth", "--rpcaddr=0.0.0.0", "--mine"
現在我們可以構建並啟動docker映象：
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Maximum peer count ETH=0 LES=0 total=0
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.8.6-stable/linux-amd64/go1.10.1
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Allocated cache and file handles database=/root/.ethereum/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=1024
WARN [04-25|21:44:28] Upgrading database to use lookup entries
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 0 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Constantinople: <nil> Engine: unknown}"
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Database deduplication successful deduped=0
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/root/.ethereum/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/root/.ethash count=2
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=1
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=1092ae…35e2af td=131072
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash=1092ae…35e2af td=131072
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash=1092ae…35e2af td=131072
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] Starting P2P networking
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] RLPx listener up self="enode://2c62fe87d0f270b5fe143235b471d224ad59859ba8ede6272c183f13f168014f9[email protected][::]:30303?discport=0"
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] IPC endpoint opened url=/root/.ethereum/geth.ipc
INFO [04-25|21:44:28] HTTP endpoint opened url=http://0.0.0.0:8545 cors= vhosts=geth
INFO [04-25|21:44:30] Unlocked account address=0x4EFD4Ab8293b3B8179d9DBF9Ade1Ae00D83EB314
INFO [04-25|21:44:30] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000
INFO [04-25|21:44:30] Etherbase automatically configured address=0x4EFD4Ab8293b3B8179d9DBF9Ade1Ae00D83EB314
INFO [04-25|21:44:30] Starting mining operation
INFO [04-25|21:44:30] Commit new mining work number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.633ms
INFO [04-25|21:44:33] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=0 percentage=34 elapsed=3.025s
INFO [04-25|21:44:36] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=0 elapsed=5.832s
INFO [04-25|21:44:41] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=0 elapsed=4.700s
INFO [04-25|21:44:45] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=1 elapsed=9.534s
INFO [04-25|21:44:50] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=2 elapsed=14.181s
INFO [04-25|21:44:55] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=3 elapsed=18.879s
INFO [04-25|21:45:00] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=4 elapsed=23.663s
INFO [04-25|21:45:04] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=5 elapsed=28.397s
INFO [04-25|21:45:11] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=6 elapsed=34.842s
看起來需要花一些時間…
準備以太坊DAG（定向非迴圈圖）需要花費大量時間。當然，不是我的樣本開始時我願意等待的。希望有另一種共識演算法可用！
用geth進行許可權挖掘的證明
這種設定更復雜，但是由於這篇很棒的文章，它也被記錄下來了。
第1步：更新genesis檔案
最簡單的是使用puppeth建立genesis.json檔案。我們將使用PoA和兩個帳戶。其中一個將是用於驗證塊的1個帳戶。
不帶引數執行會開啟一個shell，我們就可以開始玩弄了。
$ docker run -ti mathieubrun/geth-alltools
/ # puppeth
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Welcome to puppeth, your Ethereum private network manager |
| |
| This tool lets you create a new Ethereum network down to |
| the genesis block, bootnodes, miners and ethstats servers |
| without the hassle that it would normally entail. |
| |
| Puppeth uses SSH to dial in to remote servers, and builds |
| its network components out of Docker containers using the |
| docker-compose toolset. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
Please specify a network name to administer (no spaces or hyphens, please)
> SampleNet
Sweet, you can set this via --network=SampleNet next time!
INFO [04-26|22:59:43] Administering Ethereum network name=SampleNet
WARN [04-26|22:59:43] No previous configurations found path=/root/.puppeth/SampleNet
What would you like to do? (default = stats)
1. Show network stats
2. Configure new genesis
3. Track new remote server
4. Deploy network components
> 2
Which consensus engine to use? (default = clique)
1. Ethash - proof-of-work
2. Clique - proof-of-authority
> 2
How many seconds should blocks take? (default = 15)
> 5
Which accounts are allowed to seal? (mandatory at least one)
> 0x4efd4ab8293b3b8179d9dbf9ade1ae00d83eb314
> 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187
> 0x
Which accounts should be pre-funded? (advisable at least one)
> 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187
> 0x
Specify your chain/network ID if you want an explicit one (default = random)
>
INFO [04-26|23:00:44] Configured new genesis block
What would you like to do? (default = stats)
1. Show network stats
2. Manage existing genesis
3. Track new remote server
4. Deploy network components
> ^C
/ #
建立的genesis檔案將位於~/.puppeth資料夾中。你可以注意到帳戶是在extradata欄位中設定的。
{
"config": {
"chainId": 26341,
"homesteadBlock": 1,
"eip150Block": 2,
"eip150Hash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"eip155Block": 3,
"eip158Block": 3,
"byzantiumBlock": 4,
"clique": {
"period": 5,
"epoch": 30000
}
},
"nonce": "0x0",
"timestamp": "0x5ae0e24c",
"extraData": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004efd4ab8293b3b8179d9dbf9ade1ae00d83eb3140000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"gasLimit": "0x47b760",
"difficulty": "0x1",
"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"alloc": {
"0x4efd4ab8293b3b8179d9dbf9ade1ae00d83eb314": {
"balance": "0x1"
},
"0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187": {
"balance": "0xF00000000000000000"
}
}
}
第2步：匯入帳戶
要重新使用帳戶，我們需要使用geth account import命令匯入帳戶，並使用帳戶私鑰和密碼。
RUN geth account import data/account1.key --password data/account1.pass
RUN geth account import data/account2.key --password data/account2.pass
第3步：使用挖掘執行geth
在執行geth時必須解鎖用於塊的帳戶，因此我們將其新增到geth引數中。
ENTRYPOINT [ "geth", "--nodiscover", "-unlock=4efd4ab8293b3b8179d9dbf9ade1ae00d83eb314", "--password=data/account1.pass", "--maxpeers=0", "--rpc", "--rpcapi=eth,web3,personal,net,miner,admin,debug", "--rpcvhosts=geth", "--rpcaddr=0.0.0.0", "--mine" ]
封裝
再次執行客戶端和節點：
Attaching to samplenethereumtruffle_client_1, samplenethereumtruffle_geth_1
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Maximum peer count ETH=0 LES=0 total=0
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.8.6-stable/linux-amd64/go1.10.1
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Allocated cache and file handles database=/root/.ethereum/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=1024
geth_1 | WARN [04-25|22:01:06] Upgrading database to use lookup entries
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 26341 Homestead: 1 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: 2 EIP155: 3 EIP158: 3 Byzantium: 4 Constantinople: <nil> Engine: clique}"
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=1
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=030bd8…18932b td=1
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash=030bd8…18932b td=1
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash=030bd8…18932b td=1
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Database deduplication successful deduped=0
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] Starting P2P networking
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] RLPx listener up self="enode://2ffed0c407c0e73cfd16379cb74acb022848079bde49102abff6359466fbf416c[email protected][::]:30303?discport=0"
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] IPC endpoint opened url=/root/.ethereum/geth.ipc
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:06] HTTP endpoint opened url=http://0.0.0.0:8545 cors= vhosts=geth
client_1 | Waiting 5 seconds.
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Unlocked account address=0x4EFD4Ab8293b3B8179d9DBF9Ade1Ae00D83EB314
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Etherbase automatically configured address=0x4EFD4Ab8293b3B8179d9DBF9Ade1Ae00D83EB314
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Starting mining operation
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Commit new mining work number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=883.6µs
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Successfully sealed new block number=1 hash=bfacd2…60b0f4
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] ? mined potential block number=1 hash=bfacd2…60b0f4
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:08] Commit new mining work number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.900ms
client_1 | Using geth node http://geth:8545
client_1 | Unlocking account 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:13] Successfully sealed new block number=2 hash=4848c2…ac8e4c
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:13] ? mined potential block number=2 hash=4848c2…ac8e4c
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:13] Commit new mining work number=3 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.515ms
client_1 | -> Success: True
client_1 | Account 0xaffe3d426b8517b17b54290c882f0827f65ec187 has 4427.21857769029238784 eth
client_1 | Gas price is 18000000000 wei
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:18] Successfully sealed new block number=3 hash=83444a…1d4845
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:18] ? mined potential block number=3 hash=83444a…1d4845
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:18] Commit new mining work number=4 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.38ms
client_1 | Deploying contract with multiplier 7 using 128999 gas
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:18] Submitted contract creation fullhash=0xd76e791c4e2066b84a2786a392859575d32ca7075019ed54e5179f79236cb3dc contract=0xc080107e84a8bc84C914cd738f2c280dd3Bdf693
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:23] Successfully sealed new block number=4 hash=5447bc…dc83df
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:23] ? mined potential block number=4 hash=5447bc…dc83df
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:23] Commit new mining work number=5 txs=1 uncles=0 elapsed=3.755ms
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:28] Successfully sealed new block number=5 hash=630233…aadcd8
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:28] ? mined potential block number=5 hash=630233…aadcd8
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:28] Commit new mining work number=6 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=2.605ms
client_1 | -> Done at block 5 using 128999 gas
client_1 | -> Contract address is 0xc080107e84a8bc84c914cd738f2c280dd3bdf693
client_1 | Creating filter for all events
client_1 | Multiply 7 by 7 using 23711 gas
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:28] Submitted transaction fullhash=0x4bfe9e2b033709a2d0738a79915debd3434f0c19acc004111e6b57bb3ea2aa6b recipient=0xc080107e84a8bc84C914cd738f2c280dd3Bdf693
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:33] Successfully sealed new block number=6 hash=5bec46…9c0871
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:33] ? block reached canonical chain number=1 hash=bfacd2…60b0f4
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:33] ? mined potential block number=6 hash=5bec46…9c0871
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:33] Commit new mining work number=7 txs=1 uncles=0 elapsed=3.344ms
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:38] Successfully sealed new block number=7 hash=82325a…b6dfaa
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:38] ? block reached canonical chain number=2 hash=4848c2…ac8e4c
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:38] ? mined potential block number=7 hash=82325a…b6dfaa
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:38] Commit new mining work number=8 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=3.350ms
client_1 | -> Done at block 7 using 23711 gas
client_1 | Multiply 8 by 7 using 23711 gas
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:38] Submitted transaction fullhash=0x41c620c8003cfe15054b061e6178241bf3478fb5ac0ece2d9b1b4afea8d597ce recipient=0xc080107e84a8bc84C914cd738f2c280dd3Bdf693
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:43] Successfully sealed new block number=8 hash=ce5a93…c20a2d
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:43] ? block reached canonical chain number=3 hash=83444a…1d4845
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:43] ? mined potential block number=8 hash=ce5a93…c20a2d
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:43] Commit new mining work number=9 txs=1 uncles=0 elapsed=1.869ms
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:48] Successfully sealed new block number=9 hash=96fc79…d8a93e
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:48] ? block reached canonical chain number=4 hash=5447bc…dc83df
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:48] ? mined potential block number=9 hash=96fc79…d8a93e
geth_1 | INFO [04-25|22:01:48] Commit new mining work number=10 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.492ms
client_1 | -> Done at block 7 using 23711 gas
client_1 | Get all events
client_1 | -> Block 7 : 7 * 7 = 49
client_1 | -> Block 9 : 8 * 7 = 56
client_1 | Done. Exiting.
最後！我們現在有一個非常簡單的專案，它可以部署合約，與之互動，並監聽事件！
本文的原始碼庫位於Github上。
如果希望快速進行以太坊開發，那請看我們精心打造的教程：
其他區塊鏈教程如下：
- 以太坊開發進階教程，主要是介紹使用node.js、mongodb、區塊鏈、ipfs實現去中心化電商DApp實戰，適合進階。
- java以太坊開發教程，主要是針對java和android程式設計師進行區塊鏈以太坊開發的web3j詳解。
- python以太坊，主要是針對python工程師使用web3.py進行區塊鏈以太坊開發的詳解。
- php以太坊，主要是介紹使用php進行智慧合約開發互動，進行賬號建立、交易、轉賬、代幣開發以及過濾器和事件等內容。
- 以太坊入門教程，主要介紹智慧合約與dapp應用開發，適合入門。，主要講解如何使用C#開發基於.Net的以太坊應用，包括賬戶管理、狀態與交易、智慧合約開發與互動、過濾器和事件等。
- php比特幣開發教程，本課程面向初學者，內容即涵蓋比特幣的核心概念，例如區塊鏈儲存、去中心化共識機制、金鑰與指令碼、交易與UTXO等，同時也詳細講解如何在Php程式碼中整合比特幣支援功能，例如建立地址、管理錢包、構造裸交易等，是Php工程師不可多得的比特幣開發學習課程。
- java比特幣開發教程，本課程面向初學者，內容即涵蓋比特幣的核心概念，例如區塊鏈儲存、去中心化共識機制、金鑰與指令碼、交易與UTXO等，同時也詳細講解如何在Java程式碼中整合比特幣支援功能，例如建立地址、管理錢包、構造裸交易等，是Java工程師不可多得的比特幣開發學習課程。
- EOS入門教程，本課程幫助你快速入門EOS區塊鏈去中心化應用的開發，內容涵蓋EOS工具鏈、賬戶與錢包、發行代幣、智慧合約開發與部署、使用程式碼與智慧合約互動等核心知識點，最後綜合運用各知識點完成一個便籤DApp的開發。
匯智網原創翻譯，轉載請標明出處。這裡是原文