IPV6 RFC和地址表示
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-17
一IPV6相關RFC：
| RFC No. | RFC Title |
|---|---|
| 1752 | The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol |
| 1881 | IPv6 Address Allocation Management |
| 1887 | An Architecture for IPv6 Unicast Address Allocation |
| 2375 | IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments |
| 2460 | Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification |
| 2526 | Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses |
| 2894 | Router Renumbering for IPv6 |
| 3194 | The H-Density Ratio for Address Assignment Efficiency - An Update on the H ratio |
| 3484 | Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) |
| 3531 | A Flexible Method for Managing the Assignment of Bits of an IPv6 Address Block |
| 3582 | Goals for IPv6 Site-Multihoming Architectures |
| 3587 | IPv6 Global Unicast Address Format |
| 3627 | Use of /127 Prefix Length Between Routers Considered Harmful |
| 3701 | 6bone (IPv6 Testing Address Allocation) Phaseout |
| 3849 | IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation |
| 3879 | Deprecating Site Local Addresses |
| 3956 | Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address |
| 4007 | IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture |
| 4076 | Renumbering Requirements for Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) |
| 4147 | Proposed Changes to the Format of the IANA IPv6 Registry |
| 4177 | Architectural Approaches to Multi-homing for IPv6 |
| 4192 | Procedures for Renumbering an IPv6 Network without a Flag Day |
| 4193 | Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses |
| 4218 | Threats Relating to IPv6 Multihoming Solutions |
| 4291 | IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture |
| 4294 | IPv6 Node Requirements |
| 4339 | IPv6 Host Configuration of DNS Server Information Approaches |
| 4779 | ISP IPv6 Deployment Scenarios in Broadband Access Networks |
| 4843 | An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers (ORCHID) |
| 4861 | Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) |
| 4862 | IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration |
| 4941 | Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6 |
| 4968 | Analysis of IPv6 Link Models for 802.16 Based Networks |
| 5006 | IPv6 Router Advertisement Option for DNS Configuration |
| 5156 | Special-Use IPv6 Addresses |
| 5157 | IPv6 Implications for Network Scanning |
| 5375 | IPv6 Unicast Address Assignment Considerations |
| 5453 | Reserved IPv6 Interface Identifiers |
| 5887 | Renumbering Still Needs Work |
| 5889 | IP Addressing Model in Ad Hoc Networks |
| 5902 | IAB Thoughts on IPv6 Network Address Translation |
| 5942 | IPv6 Subnet Model: The Relationship between Links and Subnet Prefixes |
| 5952 | A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation |
| 5963 | IPv6 Deployment in Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) |
| 6036 | Emerging Service Provider Scenarios for IPv6 Deployment |
| 6052 | IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators |
| 6059 | Simple Procedures for Detecting Network Attachment in IPv6 |
| 6104 | Rogue IPv6 Router Advertisement Problem Statement |
| 6106 | IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration |
| 6164 | Using 127-Bit IPv6 Prefixes on Inter-Router Links |
| 6177 | IPv6 Address Assignment to End Sites |
| 6214 | Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6 |
| 6296 | IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation |
| 6308 | Overview of the Internet Multicast Addressing Architecture |
| 6434 | IPv6 Node Requirements |
| 6459 | IPv6 in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Evolved Packet System (EPS) |
| 6515 | IPv4 and IPv6 Infrastructure Addresses in BGP Updates for Multicast VPN |
| 6540 | IPv6 Support Required for All IP-Capable Nodes |
| 6543 | Reserved IPv6 Interface Identifier for Proxy Mobile IPv6 |
| 6666 | A Discard Prefix for IPv6 |
| 6676 | Multicast Addresses for Documentation |
| 6724 | Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) |
| 6866 | Problem Statement for Renumbering IPv6 Hosts with Static Addresses in Enterprise Networks |
| 6874 | Representing IPv6 Zone Identifiers in Address Literals and Uniform Resource Identifiers |
| 6879 | IPv6 Enterprise Network Renumbering Scenarios, Considerations, and Methods |
| 6890 | Special-Purpose IP Address Registries |
| 6957 | Duplicate Address Detection Proxy |
二.IPV6地址表示
1.IPv6的組成
-
IPv6有128位（2^7位=(2^3)^4位，即2^4=16位元組）
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IPv6地址分為8段，每段16位（2位元組），段之間用“冒號”(:)隔開
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IPv6地址通常用十六進位制表示，由於每段16位，因此有4個十六進位制數
如Google的IPv6地址：2404:6800:400a:0803:0000:0000:0000:1010
2.每段中的前導0可以省略
為了簡化IPv6地址的表示，我們通常省略前導0，如上述Google的IPv6地址中0803可以略寫為803：
| 2404:6800:400a:0803:0000:0000:0000:1010 ==> 2404:6800:400a:803:0:0:0:1010 |
3.連續為0的段可以簡寫為::
如果出現連續0，則可以改用“雙冒號”(::)表示，如上面的例子：
| 2404:6800:400a:803:0:0:0:1010 ==> 2404:6800:400a:0803::1010 |
注意：
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這種縮寫方式只能使用一次：
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如果使用兩次雙冒號，將無法判斷每個雙冒號中代表多少個0段
|
FE80:0:0:0:10DF:0:0:369B not FE80::10DF::369B |
4.IPv6的字首表示
IPv4的CIDR可以表示所在子網，IPv6的字首表示法與IPv4的CIDR表示法相同：
地址/字首長度
如：21DA：D3:0:2F3B::/64表示該地址段前64位固定為21DA：D3:0:2F3B。字首表示中的雙冒號(::)表示剩下部分全為0，是地址的一部分。
5.IPv6地址的特性
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IPv6協議允許多個網路介面擁有同一IPv6地址，以支援負載平衡功能。
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IPv6協議允許一個網路介面具有多個IPv6地址