本文為荷蘭拉德堡德大學（作者：Evertson Croes）的碩士論文，共172頁。

物聯網（IoT）是一個模糊的術語；這個概念有不同的定義，從具有感測器和執行器的任何系統到物理物件的單個互連網路。儘管存在歧義，但已經有針對“物聯網”作為單一型別系統提出的參考體系架構。本文的研究表明，“物聯網”這個術語沒有提供足夠的資訊來支援軟體體系架構。這是通過深入研究文獻中描述的IoT以及當前市場上存在的應用程式型別來完成的，並使用軟體體系架構風格的概念來展示IoT中不同區域需要不同的風格。

軟體體系架構風格是一組已證明在適當的上下文中能夠帶來質量屬性好處的設計決策，並且被認為是軟體系統設計體系架構的第一步。然而，在本研究過程中，已經清楚的是，術語物聯網不足以提供對軟體體系架構風格的影響判斷。為此，本文將物聯網中的解決方案分為多類。結果是，對於某類的一個子集，存在明顯的最優風格；對於不同的類別，需要根據更多上下文資訊的不同（具體應用場景）進行選擇。

本文的分析提供了在選擇軟體體系架構風格時與IoT相關的重要因素，這些因素可以作為未來IoT專案和參考體系架構的基礎。本文的結論是：“物聯網”這個術語不應該作為軟體體系架構的基礎。即使對於作為IoT子集的不同類別，也存在對不同風格的具體需求。

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ambiguous term. There are differentdefinitions for the concept, ranging from any system that has sensors andactuators to a single interconnected network of physical objects. Despite thisambiguity, there are reference architectures proposed for the \Internet ofThings" as a single type of system. This thesis shows that this term doesnot provide enough information to base a software architecture on. This isaccomplished by taking an in-depth look at the IoT described in literature aswell as the types of applications that exist on the market today and using theconcept of software architectural styles to show how different areas in the IoTwill need varying styles. Software architectural styles are a labeled set ofdesign decisions that have proven to elicit quality attribute benefits giventhe right context and are considered to be the first step in designing anarchitecture for a software system. However, during the course of this researchit has become clear that the term Internet of Things is not enough to provide averdict for the effects of software architectural styles. For this reason, thisthesis proceeded to classify solutions in the Internet of Things into multipleclasses. The results are that for a subset of the classes there is a clear\best" style, however for remaining classes there are still differentchoices where more context information is needed. The analysis itself providesa list of important IoT related factors when choosing a software architecturalstyle, which can be used as a basis for future IoT projects and referencearchitectures. However the conclusion of this thesis is that the term \Internetof Things" should not be used as a basis for software architecture. Thiswas proven by showing that even for the different classes, which are subsets ofthe IoT, there are needs for different styles.

1 引言

2 物聯網

3 質量屬性

4 物聯網解決方案分類

5 物聯網軟體體系架構風格

6 結論

附錄A IoT定義列表

附錄B IoT解決方案分析

附錄C 軟體體系架構風格

附錄D 軟體體系架構評估方法

附錄E 小組討論

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