Rest Framework：四、認證元件
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-18
一、建立LoginAuth類完成認證過程
urls.py
url(r'^login/', views.Login.as_view()), url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()),
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 寫choice user_choice=((0,'普通使用者'),(1,'會員'),(2,'超級使用者')) # 指定choice,可以快速的通過數字,取出文字 user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=user_choice,default=0) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserToken(models.Model): token = models.CharField(max_length=64) user = models.OneToOneField(to=UserInfo) class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email
遷移資料庫
python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate
app01/MySerializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers from app01 import models class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields='__all__'
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
import hashlib
import time
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from app01 import MySerializer
# Create your views here.
def get_token(name):
# 生成一個md5物件
md5 = hashlib.md5()
# 往裡新增值,必須是bytes格式
# time.time()生成時間戳型別,轉成字串,再encode轉成bytes格式
md5.update(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
md5.update(name.encode('utf-8'))
return md5.hexdigest()
class Login(APIView):
authentication_classes = []
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '登入成功'}
name = request.data.get('name')
pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
try:
user = models.UserInfo.objects.get(name=name, pwd=pwd)
# 校驗通過,登入成功,生成一個隨機字串(身份標識)token
token = get_token(name)
# 儲存到資料庫
# update_or_create更新或者建立
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user, defaults={'token': token})
response['token'] = token
except ObjectDoesNotExist as e:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = '使用者名稱或密碼錯誤'
except Exception as e:
response['status'] = 102
# response['msg']='未知錯誤'
response['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
from rest_framework import exceptions
class LoginAuth():
# 函式名必須叫這個名字，接收必須兩個引數，第二個引數是request對像
def authenticate(self, request):
# 從request對像中取出token （也可以從其他地方中取）
token = request.query_params.get('token')
# 去資料庫中查詢
ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token)
if ret:
# 可以查到，說明認證通過，返回空
return None
# 否則會報異常
raise exceptions.APIException('認證失敗')
from rest_framework.request import Request
# class Books(APIView):
# # 列表中型別不能加括號
# authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
#
# def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查詢成功'}
# # 必須登入以後,才能獲取資料
# # 取出token,取資料庫驗證,是否登入
# token = request.query_params.get('token')
# ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token)
# if ret:
# # 認證通過,是登入使用者
# ret = models.Book.objects.all()
# book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
# response['data'] = book_ser.data
# else:
# response['status'] = 101
# response['msg'] = '認證不通過'
# return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
# 與上面的Books類功能一樣，但比上面的那個更加簡潔。
class Books(APIView):
# 列表中型別不能加括號
authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查詢成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = book_ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)資料庫中新增資料測試：
使用Postman測試：
功能：登入後方可檢視書的詳情資訊
使用資料庫中的使用者名稱與密碼登入服務：
使用token登入來驗證查詢書的詳情資訊
若是token驗證不成功，就會返回：
二、認證元件的全域性使用與區域性使用
urls.py、models.py、不變
區域性使用：
views.py
from app01.MyAuth import LoginAuth
class Books(APIView):
# 列表中型別不能加括號
# 認證元件區域性使用
authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
# 認證元件，區域性禁用 authentication_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查詢成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = book_ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
app01/MyAuth.py
from rest_framework import exceptions
from app01 import models
# 用dnf 認證，寫一個類
class LoginAuth():
# 函式名必須叫這個名字，接收必須兩個引數，第二個引數是request對像
def authenticate(self, request):
# 從request對像中取出token （也可以從其他地方中取）
token = request.query_params.get('token')
# 去資料庫中查詢
ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token)
if ret:
# 可以查到，說明認證通過，返回空
return None
# 否則會報異常
raise exceptions.APIException('認證失敗')
-全域性使用
-在setting中配置:
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES':['app01.MyAuth.LoginAuth',],
}
-區域性禁用，views.py中有:
認證元件，區域性禁用 authentication_classes = []