我們知道我們要掃描某些包下的註解類，或者某些註解類,可以用@ComponentScan去掃描。我們需要類能被掃描到，可能會用到@Configuration,@Service,@Repository,這三個都使用了@Component註解。實際上掃描的是Component註解。我們也可以用@Bean來定義一個bean，也可以用Import來匯入一個bean或者一個資原始檔。

那麼這些註解spring是如何掃描並且註冊到spring容器的呢？

@Configuration
@Import(ImportConfig.class)
public class JavaConfig {
 


}

  @Test
    public void test(){
        ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(JavaConfig.class);
        Student student = (Student) app.getBean("student");
        student.say();
    }

我們從AnnotationConfigApplicationContext出發

public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
 
 extends GenericApplicationContext implements AnnotationConfigRegistry

public class GenericApplicationContext extends AbstractApplicationContext implements BeanDefinitionRegistry 

來看AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的建構函式

    public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
        super
 
(beanFactory);
        this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
        this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
    }

public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Class<?>... annotatedClasses) {
        this();
        register(annotatedClasses);
        refresh();
}

    public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(String... basePackages) {
        this();
        scan(basePackages);
        refresh();
    }

進入this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);

    public AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Environment environment) {
        Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");
        Assert.notNull(environment, "Environment must not be null");
        this.registry = registry;
        this.conditionEvaluator = new ConditionEvaluator(registry, environment, null);
        AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry);
    }

public static Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {

        DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = unwrapDefaultListableBeanFactory(registry);
        if (beanFactory != null) {
            if (!(beanFactory.getDependencyComparator() instanceof AnnotationAwareOrderComparator)) {
                beanFactory.setDependencyComparator(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
            }
            if (!(beanFactory.getAutowireCandidateResolver() instanceof ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver)) {
                beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());
            }
        }

        Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefs = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);

        if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }

        if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }

        if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(REQUIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, REQUIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }

        // Check for JSR-250 support, and if present add the CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
        if (jsr250Present && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }

        // Check for JPA support, and if present add the PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
        if (jpaPresent && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition();
            try {
                def.setBeanClass(ClassUtils.forName(PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_CLASS_NAME,
                        AnnotationConfigUtils.class.getClassLoader()));
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Cannot load optional framework class: " + PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_CLASS_NAME, ex);
            }
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }

        if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(EventListenerMethodProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }
        if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_FACTORY_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(DefaultEventListenerFactory.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_FACTORY_BEAN_NAME));
        }

        return beanDefs;
    }

if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }

以上面的程式碼檢視，ConfigurationClassPostProcessor被加入到了spring容器當中了。

同理AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor等都被加入了spring容器當中了。

而他們都實現了BeanPostProcessor，從前面兩篇spring生命週期來看，在spring生命週期中會執行相應的方法。

spring生命週期

CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor講過@PostConstruct會使用這個類來進行初始化方法。

重點講解ConfigurationClassPostProcessor類，它會去讀取@Component,@Bean，@Import等等。

public class ConfigurationClassPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor,
        PriorityOrdered, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanClassLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware

public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor他繼承了BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor

/**
 * Extension to the standard {@link BeanFactoryPostProcessor} SPI, allowing for
 * the registration of further bean definitions <i>before</i> regular
 * BeanFactoryPostProcessor detection kicks in. In particular,
 * BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor may register further bean definitions
 * which in turn define BeanFactoryPostProcessor instances.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 3.0.1
 * @see org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor
 */
public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

我們前面講過實現BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor，在spring生命週期中執行順序為

1. 建構函式
2. BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry
3. BeanFactoryPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor的建構函式是預設的。

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        int registryId = System.identityHashCode(registry);
        if (this.registriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
        }
        if (this.factoriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "postProcessBeanFactory already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
        }
        this.registriesPostProcessed.add(registryId);

        processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry);
    }

processConfigBeanDefinitions主要看

//處理相關注冊的類
parser.parse(candidates);
//註冊這些類到spring容器當中
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);

public void parse(Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates) {
        this.deferredImportSelectors = new LinkedList<>();

        for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : configCandidates) {
            BeanDefinition bd = holder.getBeanDefinition();
            try {
                if (bd instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
                    parse(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) bd).getMetadata(), holder.getBeanName());
                }
                else if (bd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition && ((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).hasBeanClass()) {
                    parse(((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName());
                }
                else {
                    parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
                }
            }
            catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
                throw ex;
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                        "Failed to parse configuration class [" + bd.getBeanClassName() + "]", ex);
            }
        }

        processDeferredImportSelectors();
    }

進入parse(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) bd).getMetadata(), holder.getBeanName());

    protected void processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass) throws IOException {
        if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION)) {
            return;
        }

        ConfigurationClass existingClass = this.configurationClasses.get(configClass);
        if (existingClass != null) {
            if (configClass.isImported()) {
                if (existingClass.isImported()) {
                    existingClass.mergeImportedBy(configClass);
                }
                // Otherwise ignore new imported config class; existing non-imported class overrides it.
                return;
            }
            else {
                // Explicit bean definition found, probably replacing an import.
                // Let's remove the old one and go with the new one.
                this.configurationClasses.remove(configClass);
                for (Iterator<ConfigurationClass> it = this.knownSuperclasses.values().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                    if (configClass.equals(it.next())) {
                        it.remove();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Recursively process the configuration class and its superclass hierarchy.
        SourceClass sourceClass = asSourceClass(configClass);
        do {
            sourceClass = doProcessConfigurationClass(configClass, sourceClass);
        }
        while (sourceClass != null);

        this.configurationClasses.put(configClass, configClass);
    }

先來看

if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION)) {
            return;
        }

public boolean shouldSkip(@Nullable AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata, @Nullable ConfigurationPhase phase) {
        if (metadata == null || !metadata.isAnnotated(Conditional.class.getName())) {
            return false;
        }

        if (phase == null) {
            if (metadata instanceof AnnotationMetadata &&
                    ConfigurationClassUtils.isConfigurationCandidate((AnnotationMetadata) metadata)) {
                return shouldSkip(metadata, ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION);
            }
            return shouldSkip(metadata, ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN);
        }

        List<Condition> conditions = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String[] conditionClasses : getConditionClasses(metadata)) {
            for (String conditionClass : conditionClasses) {
                Condition condition = getCondition(conditionClass, this.context.getClassLoader());
                conditions.add(condition);
            }
        }

        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(conditions);

        for (Condition condition : conditions) {
            ConfigurationPhase requiredPhase = null;
            if (condition instanceof ConfigurationCondition) {
                requiredPhase = ((ConfigurationCondition) condition).getConfigurationPhase();
            }
            if (requiredPhase == null || requiredPhase == phase) {
                if (!condition.matches(this.context, metadata)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

看我們的類有沒有使用@Conditional，有使用就進行判斷，如果相關條件不通過則丟棄該類，也就是該類不會被注入到spring容器當中。這裡就涉及到springboot中很多的條件註解。
關於這個註解以及相關的的條件註解如何實現放在下次講。

進入sourceClass = doProcessConfigurationClass(configClass, sourceClass);

    @Nullable
    protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass)
            throws IOException {

        // Recursively process any member (nested) classes first
        processMemberClasses(configClass, sourceClass);

        // Process any @PropertySource annotations
        for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
                sourceClass.getMetadata(), PropertySources.class,
                org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class)) {
            if (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment) {
                processPropertySource(propertySource);
            }
            else {
                logger.warn("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() +
                        "]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment");
            }
        }

        // Process any @ComponentScan annotations
        Set<AnnotationAttributes> componentScans = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
                sourceClass.getMetadata(), ComponentScans.class, ComponentScan.class);
        if (!componentScans.isEmpty() &&
                !this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) {
            for (AnnotationAttributes componentScan : componentScans) {
                // The config class is annotated with @ComponentScan -> perform the scan immediately
                Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> scannedBeanDefinitions =
                        this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
                // Check the set of scanned definitions for any further config classes and parse recursively if needed
                for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : scannedBeanDefinitions) {
                    if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(
                            holder.getBeanDefinition(), this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
                        parse(holder.getBeanDefinition().getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Process any @Import annotations
        processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), true);

        // Process any @ImportResource annotations
        AnnotationAttributes importResource =
                AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ImportResource.class);
        if (importResource != null) {
            String[] resources = importResource.getStringArray("locations");
            Class<? extends BeanDefinitionReader> readerClass = importResource.getClass("reader");
            for (String resource : resources) {
                String resolvedResource = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(resource);
                configClass.addImportedResource(resolvedResource, readerClass);
            }
        }

        // Process individual @Bean methods
        Set<MethodMetadata> beanMethods = retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(sourceClass);
        for (MethodMetadata methodMetadata : beanMethods) {
            configClass.addBeanMethod(new BeanMethod(methodMetadata, configClass));
        }

        // Process default methods on interfaces
        processInterfaces(configClass, sourceClass);

        // Process superclass, if any
        if (sourceClass.getMetadata().hasSuperClass()) {
            String superclass = sourceClass.getMetadata().getSuperClassName();
            if (superclass != null && !superclass.startsWith("java") &&
                    !this.knownSuperclasses.containsKey(superclass)) {
                this.knownSuperclasses.put(superclass, configClass);
                // Superclass found, return its annotation metadata and recurse
                return sourceClass.getSuperClass();
            }
        }

        // No superclass -> processing is complete
        return null;
    }

我們從註釋就可以看出，這裡處理了本類所相關的註解，@PropertySource，@ComponentScan，@Import，@ImportResource，@Bean。

這裡我著重講解@Import，其他的看程式碼就很容器理解，也可以按照我這樣一步步分析。

private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
            Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, boolean checkForCircularImports) throws IOException {

        if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
            this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
        }
        else {
            this.importStack.push(configClass);
            try {
                for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) {
                    if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
                        // Candidate class is an ImportSelector -> delegate to it to determine imports
                        Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
                        ImportSelector selector = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class);
                        ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
                                selector, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
                        if (this.deferredImportSelectors != null && selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) {
                            this.deferredImportSelectors.add(
                                    new DeferredImportSelectorHolder(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector));
                        }
                        else {
                            String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                            Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames);
                            processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, false);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
                        // Candidate class is an ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // delegate to it to register additional bean definitions
                        Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
                        ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
                                BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class);
                        ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
                                registrar, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
                        configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                    }
                    else {
                        // Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // process it as an @Configuration class
                        this.importStack.registerImport(
                                currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
                        processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass));
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
                throw ex;
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                        "Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
                        configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
            }
            finally {
                this.importStack.pop();
            }
        }
    }

我們使用的@Import(ImportConfig.class)

public class ImportConfig {


    @Bean
    public Student student(){
        return new Student();
    }
}

ImportConfig只是一個普通的類。

processImports會先判斷import中的是ImportSelector還是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，做相應的處理。
關於這兩個介面，我想單獨拿出來講解，不放在這裡，以免篇幅過長。
讀者也可以自己思考。

我們看

// Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // process it as an @Configuration class
this.importStack.registerImport(
                                currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
                        processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass));

看註釋該類不是ImportSelector或者ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar我們把它當做@Configuration類來處理。
再執行
processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass));
又回到了我們最開始。

我們解析JavaConfig，解析到@Import中的ImportConfig，發現ImportConfig不是ImportSelector和ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，我們把它當做Configuration做同樣的處理，如此遞迴下去，直接解析完所有的類。

到這裡我們有所的Configuration，Import配置類等等都解析出來了。

來看

this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);

    public void loadBeanDefinitions(Set<ConfigurationClass> configurationModel) {
        TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator = new TrackedConditionEvaluator();
        for (ConfigurationClass configClass : configurationModel) {
            loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(configClass, trackedConditionEvaluator);
        }
    }

private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass,
            TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) {

        if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) {
            String beanName = configClass.getBeanName();
            if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
                this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName);
            }
            this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
            return;
        }

        if (configClass.isImported()) {
            registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass);
        }
        for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) {
            loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod);
        }
        loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources());
        loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars());
    }

這裡就把我們的配置類註冊到spring容器當中了。

回顧一下：
ConfigurationClassPostProcessor使我們實現註冊的核心類，在我們專案啟動的時候，該類就被載入進來，在spring生命週期中，進行我們配置類的檢測，將相關的類註冊到spring容器當中。

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor先去掃描@Configuration，然後處理它@PropertySource，@ComponentScan，@Import，@ImportResource，@Bean。遞迴下去直到掃描完畢。這些類被處理後都放入spring容器當中。

@PropertySource：讀取配置檔案
@ComponentScan：掃描相應包下的註解類，或者掃描指定的類
@ImportResource：匯入資原始檔
@Bean：例項化一個bean放入spring容器當中。
@Import：例項化一個指定的類，當這個類沒有實現ImportSelector或者ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，會把它當中一個普通的@Configuration來處理。

講到這裡相信大家對spring如何載入java註解配置檔案已經基本瞭解。那麼關於@Import中的ImportSelector和ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar他們是用來幹嘛的呢？

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
     * @return the classes to exclude
     */
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
     * applied.
     * @return the class names to exclude
     * @since 1.3.0
     */
    String[] excludeName() default {};

}

springboot中EnableAutoConfiguration自動配置，使用了EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector

public class EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector
        extends AutoConfigurationImportSelector {


public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector
        implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware,
        BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {

public interface DeferredImportSelector extends ImportSelector

究竟是怎樣實現自動配置。

下回分解吧。。。