Android 7.0動態許可權方法
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-20
1. 基本方法
1.1 登錄檔申請（安卓6.0以下的手機需要）
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>1.2 新增provider標籤
需要修改當前module的AndroidManifest.xml檔案，新增provider標籤，對映路徑
<provider android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="com.example.hanglidemo.fileprovider" android:exported="false" android:grantUriPermissions="true"> <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths" /> </provider>
上文程式碼裡，name，exported欄位是固定寫法，官網就是這麼說的，別亂試了。android:resource標籤的值是main/res/xml/path_file.xml檔案，即在 res下新建xml資料夾，再新建一個xml檔案。
1.3 建立path_file.xml
在res/xml下新建一個path_file.xml檔案，但是與上步驟一致即可。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <external-path name="my_images" path="" /> </paths>
這裡我寫了一個檔案層，可以直接使用，不限制機型。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<paths>
<root-path name="root" path="" />
<files-path name="files" path="" />
<cache-path name="cache" path="" />
<external-path name="external" path="" />
<external-files-path name="external_files" path="" />
<external-cache-path name="external_cache" path="" />
</paths>
</resources>各個含義：
<files-path/>代表的根目錄： Context.getFilesDir()
<cache-path/>代表的根目錄: getCacheDir()
<external-path/>代表的根目錄: Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
<external-files-path/>代表的根目錄: Context.getExternalFilesDir(String) Context.getExternalFilesDir(null).
<external-cache-path />代表的根目錄: Context.getExternalCacheDir().
<root-path />代表裝置的根目錄new File("/");
1.4 activity中動態請求許可權
private void PermissionCamera() {
// 建立File物件，用於儲存拍照後的圖片
File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
try {
if (outputImage.exists()) {
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 判斷api的型別
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
} else {
imageUri = android.support.v4.content.FileProvider.getUriForFile(MineCenterActivity.this, "com.example.hanglidemo.fileprovider", outputImage);
}
// 啟動相機程式
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
}1.5 重寫onActivityResult方法
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
try {
// 將拍攝的照片顯示出來
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
headicon.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
// 判斷手機系統版本號
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
// 4.4及以上系統使用這個方法處理圖片
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
} else {
// 4.4以下系統使用這個方法處理圖片
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}完整程式碼
public class MineCenterActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
private ImageView headicon;
private Uri imageUri;
private ImageView mineBackIv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_minecenter);
headicon = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.headCv);
mineBackIv = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.mineBackIv);
initView();
setOnClick();
}
private void setOnClick() {
mineBackIv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
finish();
}
});
}
private void initView() {
headicon.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
showSelectDialog();
}
});
}
private void showSelectDialog() {
DialogUtils.getInstance().showSelectPhotoDialog(this, new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v.getId() == R.id.tv_camera) {
// 請求相機拍照
PermissionCamera();
} else if (v.getId() == R.id.tv_file) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MineCenterActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MineCenterActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
} else {
openAlbum(); // 去相簿選擇
}
} else {
finish();
}
}
});
}
private void openAlbum() {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO); // 開啟相簿
}
private void PermissionCamera() {
// 建立File物件，用於儲存拍照後的圖片
File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
try {
if (outputImage.exists()) {
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
} else {
imageUri = android.support.v4.content.FileProvider.getUriForFile(MineCenterActivity.this, "com.example.hanglidemo.fileprovider", outputImage);
}
// 啟動相機程式
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
try {
// 將拍攝的照片顯示出來
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
headicon.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
// 判斷手機系統版本號
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
// 4.4及以上系統使用這個方法處理圖片
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
} else {
// 4.4以下系統使用這個方法處理圖片
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@TargetApi(19)
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.d("TAG", "handleImageOnKitKat: uri is " + uri);
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
// 如果是document型別的Uri，則通過document id處理
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
String id = docId.split(":")[1]; // 解析出數字格式的id
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
} else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
}
} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是content型別的Uri，則使用普通方式處理
imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是file型別的Uri，直接獲取圖片路徑即可
imagePath = uri.getPath();
}
displayImage(imagePath); // 根據圖片路徑顯示圖片
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
String path = null;
// 通過Uri和selection來獲取真實的圖片路徑
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
if (imagePath != null) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
headicon.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}