20180831-Linux環境下Python 3.6.6 的安裝說明

摘要：Python3 安裝部署，普通使用者，編譯安裝
Author: [email protected]
Date: 20180831
關鍵字：python,python3,ssl,安裝，pip

1. openssl的下載與安裝

python 3若無或未指定openssl，則會報錯“pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.”

wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1-pre9.tar.gz
tar xzf openssl-1.1.1-pre9.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1-pre9/
./config shared --prefix=/home/python/python36/SSL && make && make install
 

2. python環境的準備與安裝

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.6/Python-3.6.6.tgz
tar -xzf Python-3.6.6.tgz
cd Python-3.6.6/
export LDFLAGS="-L/home/python/python36/SSL/lib/"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/python/python36/SSL/lib/"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/home/python/python36/SSL/include -I/home/python/python36/SSL/include/openssl"
./configure --prefix=/home/python/python36/  && make && make install
 

3. 優化環境配置

3.1 修改.bash_profile，新增如下內容

#
## ENV Settings for python366
#
export LDFLAGS="-L/home/python/python36/SSL/lib/"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/python/python36/SSL/lib/"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/home/python/python36/SSL/include -I/home/python/python36/SSL/include/openssl"
PYHOME=/home/python/python36/bin
export PATH=$PYHOME:$PATH
 

3.2 建立軟連線並使變數生效

cd /home/python/python36/bin
ln -s pip3 pip
ln -s python3.6 python
source ~/.bash_profile

4. 驗證環境正確安裝

pip install --upgrade pip
pip install virtualenv
pip list
顯示結果如下：
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        18.0
setuptools 39.0.1
virtualenv 16.0.0