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Android 動畫分析之翻轉效果

大家一定看到過三維的翻轉效果,所以今天在這裡簡單的給大家分析一下,我們怎麼樣才能實現Android中的翻轉動畫效果的實現,首先看一下執行效果如下圖所示。

效果圖:

29_animation.jpg

Android中並沒有提供直接做3D翻轉的動畫,所以關於3D翻轉的動畫效果需要我們自己實現,那麼我們首先來分析一下Animation 和 Transformation。

Animation動畫的主要介面,其中主要定義了動畫的一些屬性比如開始時間,持續時間,是否重複播放等等。而Transformation中則包含一個矩陣和alpha值,矩陣是用來做平移,旋轉和縮放動畫的,而alpha值是用來做alpha動畫的,要實現3D旋轉動畫我們需要繼承自Animation類來實現,我們需要過載getTransformation和applyTransformation,在getTransformation中Animation會根據動畫的屬性來產生一系列的差值點,然後將這些差值點傳給applyTransformation,這個函式將根據這些點來生成不同的Transformation。下面是具體實現:

public class Rotate3dAnimation extends Animation {
	// 開始角度
	private final float mFromDegrees;
	// 結束角度
	private final float mToDegrees;
	// 中心點
	private final float mCenterX;
	private final float mCenterY;
	private final float mDepthZ;
	// 是否需要扭曲
	private final boolean mReverse;
	// 攝像頭
	private Camera mCamera;
	public Rotate3dAnimation(float fromDegrees, float toDegrees, float centerX,
			float centerY, float depthZ, boolean reverse) {
		mFromDegrees = fromDegrees;
		mToDegrees = toDegrees;
		mCenterX = centerX;
		mCenterY = centerY;
		mDepthZ = depthZ;
		mReverse = reverse;
	}
	@Override
	public void initialize(int width, int height, int parentWidth,
			int parentHeight) {
		super.initialize(width, height, parentWidth, parentHeight);
		mCamera = new Camera();
	}
	// 生成Transformation
	@Override
	protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t) {
		final float fromDegrees = mFromDegrees;
		// 生成中間角度
		float degrees = fromDegrees + ((mToDegrees - fromDegrees) * interpolatedTime);
		final float centerX = mCenterX;
		final float centerY = mCenterY;
		final Camera camera = mCamera;
		final Matrix matrix = t.getMatrix();
		camera.save();
		if (mReverse) {
			camera.translate(0.0f, 0.0f, mDepthZ * interpolatedTime);
		} else {
			camera.translate(0.0f, 0.0f, mDepthZ * (1.0f - interpolatedTime));
		}
		camera.rotateY(degrees);
		// 取得變換後的矩陣
		camera.getMatrix(matrix);
		camera.restore();
		matrix.preTranslate(-centerX, -centerY);
		matrix.postTranslate(centerX, centerY);
	}
}

其中包括了旋轉的開始和結束角度,中心點、是否扭曲、和一個Camera,這裡我們主要分析applyTransformation函式,其中第一個引數就是通過getTransformation函式傳遞的差指點,然後我們根據這個差值通過線性差值演算法計算出一箇中間角度degrees,Camera類是用來實現繞Y軸旋轉後透視投影的,因此我們首先通過t.getMatrix()取得當前的矩陣,然後通過camera.translate來對矩陣進行平移變換操作,camera.rotateY進行旋轉。這樣我們就可以很輕鬆的實現3D旋轉效果了,該例子的原意是通過一個列表來供使用者選擇要實現翻轉的影象,所以我們分析至少需要定義兩個控制元件:ListView和ImageView(要翻轉的影象),主介面的xml佈局定義如下所示。

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/container"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    <ListView
        android:id="@android:id/list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layoutAnimation="@anim/layout_bottom_to_top_slide"
        android:persistentDrawingCache="animation|scrolling" />
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:scaleType="fitCenter"
        android:visibility="gone" />
</FrameLayout>

然後準備好需要的資源,在onCreate函式中準備好ListView和ImageView,因為要旋轉所以我們需要儲存檢視的快取資訊,通過setPersistentDrawingCache(ViewGroup.PERSISTENT_ANIMATION_CACHE);可以設定該功能,當我們選擇列表中的影象資源後在onItemClick中將選擇的資源Id對應的影象設定到ImageView中,然後通過applyRotation來啟動一個動畫,前面有了Rotate3dAnimation的實現,我們要完成3D翻轉動畫就很簡單,直接構建一個Rotate3dAnimation物件,設定其屬性(包括動畫監聽),這裡將動畫的監聽設定為DisplayNextView,可以用來顯示下一個檢視,在其中的動畫結束監聽(onAnimationEnd)中,通過一個縣城SwapViews來交換兩個畫面,交換過程則是設定ImageView和ListView的顯示相關屬性,並構建一個Rotate3dAnimation物件,對另一個介面進行旋轉即可,然後啟動動畫,整個轉換過程實際上就是將第一個介面從0度轉好90度,然後就愛你過第二個介面從90度轉到0度,這樣就形成了一個翻轉動畫,完整程式碼如下,我們也加入了一些必要的註解。

public class Transition3d extends Activity implements
		AdapterView.OnItemClickListener, View.OnClickListener {
	// 照片列表
	private ListView mPhotosList;
	private ViewGroup mContainer;
	private ImageView mImageView;
	// 照片的名字,用於顯示在list中
	private static final String[] PHOTOS_NAMES = new String[] { "Lyon",
			"Livermore", "Tahoe Pier", "Lake Tahoe", "Grand Canyon", "Bodie" };
	// 資源id
	private static final int[] PHOTOS_RESOURCES = new int[] {
			R.drawable.photo1, R.drawable.photo2, R.drawable.photo3,
			R.drawable.photo4, R.drawable.photo5, R.drawable.photo6 };
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.animations_main_screen);
		mPhotosList = (ListView) findViewById(android.R.id.list);
		mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
		mContainer = (ViewGroup) findViewById(R.id.container);
		// 準備ListView
		final ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
				android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, PHOTOS_NAMES);
		mPhotosList.setAdapter(adapter);
		mPhotosList.setOnItemClickListener(this);
		// 準備ImageView
		mImageView.setClickable(true);
		mImageView.setFocusable(true);
		mImageView.setOnClickListener(this);
		// 設定需要儲存快取
		mContainer.setPersistentDrawingCache(ViewGroup.PERSISTENT_ANIMATION_CACHE);
	}
	/**
	 * Setup a new 3D rotation on the container view.
	 * @param position
	 *            the item that was clicked to show a picture, or -1 to show the
	 *            list
	 * @param start
	 *            the start angle at which the rotation must begin
	 * @param end
	 *            the end angle of the rotation
	 */
	private void applyRotation(int position, float start, float end) {
		// 計算中心點
		final float centerX = mContainer.getWidth() / 2.0f;
		final float centerY = mContainer.getHeight() / 2.0f;
		// Create a new 3D rotation with the supplied parameter
		// The animation listener is used to trigger the next animation
		final Rotate3dAnimation rotation = new Rotate3dAnimation(start, end,
				centerX, centerY, 310.0f, true);
		rotation.setDuration(500);
		rotation.setFillAfter(true);
		rotation.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
		// 設定監聽
		rotation.setAnimationListener(new DisplayNextView(position));
		mContainer.startAnimation(rotation);
	}
	public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View v, int position, long id) {
		// 設定ImageView
		mImageView.setImageResource(PHOTOS_RESOURCES[position]);
		applyRotation(position, 0, 90);
	}
	// 點選影象時,返回listview
	public void onClick(View v) {
		applyRotation(-1, 180, 90);
	}
	/**
	 * This class listens for the end of the first half of the animation. It
	 * then posts a new action that effectively swaps the views when the
	 * container is rotated 90 degrees and thus invisible.
	 */
	private final class DisplayNextView implements Animation.AnimationListener {
		private final int mPosition;
		private DisplayNextView(int position) {
			mPosition = position;
		}
		public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
		}
		// 動畫結束
		public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
			mContainer.post(new SwapViews(mPosition));
		}
		public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) {
		}
	}
	/**
	 * This class is responsible for swapping the views and start the second
	 * half of the animation.
	 */
	private final class SwapViews implements Runnable {
		private final int mPosition;
		public SwapViews(int position) {
			mPosition = position;
		}
		public void run() {
			final float centerX = mContainer.getWidth() / 2.0f;
			final float centerY = mContainer.getHeight() / 2.0f;
			Rotate3dAnimation rotation;
			if (mPosition > -1) {
				// 顯示ImageView
				mPhotosList.setVisibility(View.GONE);
				mImageView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				mImageView.requestFocus();
				rotation = new Rotate3dAnimation(90, 180, centerX, centerY, 310.0f, false);
			} else {
				// 返回listview
				mImageView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
				mPhotosList.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				mPhotosList.requestFocus();
				rotation = new Rotate3dAnimation(90, 0, centerX, centerY, 310.0f, false);
			}
			rotation.setDuration(500);
			rotation.setFillAfter(true);
			rotation.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());
			// 開始動畫
			mContainer.startAnimation(rotation);
		}
	}
}