1. 類的約束

    1. 寫一個父類. 父類中的某個方法要丟擲一個異常 NotImplementedError 

class Base:
    def login(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("沒有實現登入")

class Person(Base):
    def login(self):
        print("正常使用")

class SpecialPerson(Base):
    def denglu(self):
        print("非正常")

def
 
 func(obj):
    obj.login()

p1 = Person()
p2 = SpecialPerson()
func(p1)
func(p2)

    2. 抽象類和抽象方法

        from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod

        class Base(metaclass = ABCMeta):

            @abstractmethod

            def fangfa(self):

                pass

from abc import ABCMeta,abstractmethod
class Animal(metaclass = ABCMeta):
    @abstractmethod
    def chi(self):pass
 

    def run(self):
        print("能跑")

class Cat(Animal):
    def chi(self):
        print("吃魚")
    def dong(self):
        print("guyong")

c = Cat()
c.chi()
c.dong()
c.run()

2. 異常處理.

　try except raise finally

    try:

        程式碼

    except 異常類:

        除了錯, 如何處理異常

    except 異常類:

        除了錯, 如何處理異常

    except 異常類:

        除了錯, 如何處理異常

    else:

        當程式不出錯

    finally:

        不管出不出錯, 都要執行

    raise 異常類("資訊")

    如何自己定義異常

    class 類(Exception):

        pass

    堆疊

    import traceback

    traceback.format_exc()

import traceback
class GenderException(Exception):
    pass

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name,gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender

    def xizao(self):
        print(f"{self.name}在洗澡")

def zaotang(ren):
    if ren.gender == "男":
        ren.xizao()
    else:
        raise GenderException("性別不對,去對門看看")

try:
    p1 = Person("tom","男")
    p2 = Person("jerry","mouse")
    zaotang(p1)
    zaotang(p2)
except GenderException:
    ret = traceback.format_exc()
    print(ret)

3. MD5加密

    import hashlib

    obj = hashlib.md5(b'鹽')

    obj.update(b"要加密的內容")

    print(obj.hexdigest())

import hashlib
def my_md5(c):
    obj = hashlib.md5(b"safgd")
    obj.update(c.encode("utf-8"))
    return obj.hexdigest()

print(my_md5("1996"))

4. 日誌處理 

    等級:

        critical: 50

        error:40

        warning:30

        info:20

        debug:10

import logging

logging.basicConfig(filename='x1.txt', # 把日誌資訊寫入的檔名
                    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s',
                    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', # 時間的格式
                    level=20) # 當前配置表示 10以上的分數會被寫入日件

logging.critical("高")
logging.error("很高")
logging.warning("一般")
logging.info("較低")
logging.debug("最低")
logging.log(500,"自己定")

file_handler = logging.FileHandler('l1.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8') # 建立檔案
file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(
    fmt="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s")) # 設定日誌檔案的格式
logger1 = logging.Logger('騰訊qq', level=40) # 建立一個日誌檔案處理物件
logger1.addHandler(file_handler) # 把檔案新增到日誌

logger1.error("執行出錯了")

file_handler2 = logging.FileHandler('l2.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
file_handler2.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(
    fmt="%(asctime)s - %(name)s -%(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s"))
logger2 = logging.Logger('百度貼吧', level=logging.DEBUG)
logger2.addHandler(file_handler2)

logger2.debug("有點小問題")