Linux-yum更新倉庫
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-23
話說
各位小夥伴，晚上好。這裡終結一下yum倉庫更新的方式。之所以總結這個，是因為上一篇在ECS安裝MySQL雖然受挫但終究或多或少有點點收穫，那就是yum的基本運作原理。這裡會按照官網方式介紹yum如何安裝MySQL來說明寡人對yum安裝的進一步認識。
目錄
1、如何更新yum固有的倉庫？
2、如何選擇yum預設安裝的版本？
3、原理總結
1、如何更新yum固有的倉庫？
地球人都知道，Yum是線上安裝。線上安裝的好處就是不用下載包包。壞處呢？壞處就是你得知道你要安裝的版本這個yum倉庫中有，否則你的yum -y install mysql就預設安裝的是倉庫中固有的版本。但是我想安裝最新版本呢？我怎麼檢視倉庫已有什麼版本？
檢視yum可以按照的版本
yum list | grep ^mysql如果版本中沒有最新的MySQL8.0呢？怎麼辦？
1）去MySQL官網下載rpm包；
2）上傳並執行命令
sudo yum localinstall platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm效果如圖：
如何檢視呢？
[root@izuf6i3jkmikgmou78pwvfz ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL 當然也可以這麼檢視
[[email protected] ~]# yum list | grep ^mysql 2、如何選擇yum預設安裝的版本？
0k!上面表明，yum源裡面已經有這個包包了，那麼如果執行yum -y install mysql，到底安裝的是哪個版本呢？
[root@izuf6i3jkmikgmou78pwvfz ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community 禁用
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - So 禁用
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community 禁用
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - So 禁用
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 啟用: 51
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sou 禁用
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 啟用: 63
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source 禁用
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview 禁用
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source 禁用
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server 禁用
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sou 禁用
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 禁用
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sou 禁用
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 禁用
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sou 禁用
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 啟用: 17
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sou 禁用
[root@izuf6i3jkmikgmou78pwvfz ~]# yum list all | grep mysql
這個命令可以讓我們非常清楚的看清楚預設啟用的版本。這個預設啟動，就是yum -y install預設安裝的版本，當然你可以隨心所欲的修改。
問題關鍵來了，如何修改預設啟動版本？
兩種方式：
方式一：命令
方式二：配置
核心命令就2個
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community要想使用yum-config-manager，需要先安裝下：yum -y install yum-utils (CentOS 7.5)
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install yum-utils
已載入外掛：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
軟體包 yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch 已安裝並且是最新版本
無須任何處理然後就是enabled disabled的事情了。
方式一：命令
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
已載入外掛：fastestmirror
==================================================== repo: mysql80-community =====================================================
[mysql80-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage =
enabled = 0
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
ip_resolve =
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink =
minrate = 0
mirrorlist =
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 8.0 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql80-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username = 如何恢復呢？
#恢復過來也一樣：
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community
已載入外掛：fastestmirror
==================================================== repo: mysql80-community =====================================================
[mysql80-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage =
enabled = 1
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
ip_resolve =
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink =
minrate = 0
mirrorlist =
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 8.0 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql80-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#
方式二：配置
上面每個命令對應的都是修改配置檔案。
Besides using yum-config-manager or the dnf config-manager command, you can also select a release series by editing manually the/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo file. This is a typical entry for a release series’ subrepository in the file:
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# pwd
/etc/yum.repos.d
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls -l
總用量 16
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 675 5月 30 11:47 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 230 5月 30 11:47 epel.repo
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1864 6月 23 16:54 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1885 2月 22 16:49 mysql-community-source.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#
3、原理總結
我們知道了：如何增強yum源固有的庫？和如何自主選擇安裝庫中的版本？從中，我們很容易明白：當你執行yum -y install的時候，其實就是去Yum源的地方去下載rpm包安裝後的東東，所以如果我們需要yum源中本來不存在的或者未及時更新的包包，就要去官網下載rpm包，然後解壓安裝：
sudo yum localinstall platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm這個時候，yum源中就有了我們想要安裝的版本；如果是最新的，預設就是啟動的。如果你還想對安裝的版本”為所欲為“，那麼就需要enabled和disable部分包包：
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community或者去修改配置檔案：Besides using yum-config-manager or the dnf config-manager command, you can also select a release series by editing manually the/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo file. This is a typical entry for a release series’ subrepository in the file:
，就是這樣的流程。
好了，晚安。