系統技術非業餘研究 » Linux快取記憶體使用率調查
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-23
Linux的快取記憶體pagecache對效能的影響至關重要,但是實際系統中我們的利用率如何呢,特別是具體到每個裝置的利用情況。
我們知道IO請求由vfs發起,經過pagecache快取,擋不住的就落實到io裝置去,那麼統計這個利用率就很簡單。 我們只要知道擋不住的IO的比例就好了。
我寫了個systemtap指令碼來解決這個問題:
$ uname -r 2.6.18-164.el5 $ sudo rpm -i kernel-debuginfo-common-2.6.18-164.el5.x86_64.rpm $ sudo rpm -i kernel-debuginfo-2.6.18-164.el5.x86_64.rpm $ cat >pcmr.stp global io_stat, blk_stat global RD_CNT=2, WR_CNT=3 probe vfs.read.return { if ($return>0 && devname!="N/A") { io_stat[devname, 0] += $return io_stat[devname, RD_CNT] ++; } } probe ioblock.request { blk_stat[devname, rw] += size blk_stat[devname, rw+RD_CNT] ++; } probe vfs.write.return { if ($return>0 && devname!="N/A") { io_stat[devname, 1] += $return io_stat[devname, WR_CNT] ++; } } global _io,_blk probe timer.ms(5000) { foreach ([devname, action] in io_stat) { _io[action] += io_stat[devname, action]; _blk[action] += blk_stat[devname, action] } if (_io[0] + _io[1]) { printf("\n%-25s, %s%db/%d, %s%db/%d, %s%db/%d, %s%db/%d, %s%d%%\n\n", ctime(gettimeofday_s()), "IO Read:", _io[0], _io[RD_CNT], "IO Write:", _io[1],_io[WR_CNT], "Blk Read:", _blk[0], _blk[RD_CNT], "Blk Write:", _blk[1],_blk[WR_CNT], "PCMR:", (_blk[0]+_blk[1]) * 100 / (_io[0] + _io[1])) delete _io delete _blk /* print header */ printf("%8s %2s %19s %19s %5s\n", "DEVICE","T", "IO", "BLK", "PCMR") } /* print top ten I/O */ foreach ([devname, action] in io_stat- limit 10) if(action < RD_CNT) printf("%8s %2s %11db/%6d %11db/%6d %4d%%\n", devname, action?"W":"R", io_stat[devname, action],io_stat[devname, action+RD_CNT], blk_stat[devname, action],blk_stat[devname, action+RD_CNT], (blk_stat[devname, action] * 100) / io_stat[devname, action] ) /* clear data */ delete io_stat delete blk_stat } probe begin { println("::"); } CTRL+D
我們來演示下:
$ sudo stap pcmr.stp :: ... Wed Jun 1 09:16:16 2011 , IO Read:551320328b/124024, IO Write:0b/0, Blk Read:103219200b/17536, Blk Write:0b/0, PCMR:18% DEVICE T IO BLK PCMR fioa R 493284566b/119460 103219200b/ 17536 20% sda2 R 41100816b/ 624 0b/ 0 0% sda5 R 16934946b/ 3940 0b/ 0 0% Wed Jun 1 09:16:21 2011 , IO Read:554808170b/123568, IO Write:2295b/9, Blk Read:101883904b/17296, Blk Write:135168b/33, PCMR:18% DEVICE T IO BLK PCMR fioa R 491003095b/118908 101543936b/ 17259 20% sda3 R 42119596b/ 136 0b/ 0 0% sda5 R 17730097b/ 4061 163840b/ 18 0% sda1 R 2399374b/ 33 0b/ 0 0% sda2 R 1543938b/ 424 176128b/ 19 11% sda6 R 12070b/ 6 0b/ 0 0% sda3 W 2295b/ 9 135168b/ 33 5889% ...
引數我們來解釋下:
IO Read: vfs層面看到的IO讀/次數
IO Write: vfs層面看到的IO寫/次數
Blk Read: 塊層面看到的IO讀/次數
Blk Write: 塊層面看到的IO寫/次數
PCMR: pagecache miss rate =100 * blk / io, 由於檔案讀寫是以page為單位,所以可能>100%
第一行是彙總統計,每隔5秒列印一次。
總結: PCMR越小越好,說明快取記憶體利用率高。
玩得開心!
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