1. 程式人生 > >狄慧201771010104《面向對象程序設計(java)》第十七周學習總結

狄慧201771010104《面向對象程序設計(java)》第十七周學習總結

random 火車 accounts 獲得 main 理論知識 sta start catch

一.理論知識部分

Java 的線程調度采用優先級策略:優先級高的先執行,優先級低的後執行;多線程系統會自動為每個線程分配一個優先級,缺省時,繼承其父類的優先級; 任務緊急的線程,其優先級較高; 同優先級的線程按“先進先出”的隊列原則。

調用setPriority(int a)重置當前線程的優先級,a取值可以是前述的三個靜態量。調用getPriority()獲得當前線程優先級。

多線程並發運行不確定性問題解決方案:引入線程同步機制,使得另一線程要使用該方法,就只能等待。

在Java中解決多線程同步問題的方法有兩種:J ava SE 5.0中引入ReentrantLock類。 在共享內存的類方法前加synchronized修飾符。

有關鎖對象和條件對象的關鍵要點:鎖用來保護代碼片段,保證任何時刻只能有一個線程執行被保護的代碼。鎖管理試圖進入被保護代碼段的線程。鎖可擁有一個或多個相關條件對象。每個條件對象管理那些已經進入被保護的代碼 段但還不能運行的線程。

synchronized關鍵字作用: 某個類內方法用synchronized 修飾後,該方法被稱為同步方法;只要某個線程正在訪問同步方法,其他線程欲要訪問同步方法就被阻塞,直至線程從同 步方法返回前喚醒被阻塞線程,其他線程方可能進入同步方法。

在同步方法中使用wait()、notify 和notifyAll()方法:一個線程在使用的同步方法中時,可能根據問題的需要,必須使用wait()方法使本線程等待,暫時讓出CPU的使用權,並允許其它線程使用這個同步方法。線程如果用完同步方法,應當執行notifyAll()方 法通知所有由於使用這個同步方法而處於等待的線程結束等待。

二.實驗部分

1、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握線程同步的概念及實現技術;

(2) 線程綜合編程練習

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1:測試程序並進行代碼註釋。

測試程序1:

l 在Elipse環境下調試教材651頁程序14-7,結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l 掌握利用鎖對象和條件對象實現的多線程同步技術。

package synch;

/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 
*/ public class SynchBankTest { public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 10; public static void main(String[] args) { Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) { int fromAccount = i; Runnable r = () -> { try { while (true) { int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));//隨機生成時間,使正在執行的線程休眠 } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start();//開始線程 } } } SynchBankTest
package synch;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;
   private Lock bankLock;
   private Condition sufficientFunds;

   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
      bankLock = new ReentrantLock();
      sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition();
   }

   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      bankLock.lock();//使用鎖對象,獲取鎖
      try
      {
         while (accounts[from] < amount)
            sufficientFunds.await();
         System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
         accounts[from] -= amount;
         System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
         accounts[to] += amount;
         System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
         sufficientFunds.signalAll();//喚醒所有線程
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();//釋放鎖
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public double getTotalBalance()
   {
      bankLock.lock();
      try
      {
         double sum = 0;

         for (double a : accounts)
            sum += a;

         return sum;
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

 Bank

技術分享圖片

測試程序2:

l 在Elipse環境下調試教材655頁程序14-8,結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l 掌握synchronized在多線程同步中的應用。

package synch2;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses synchronization primitives.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;

   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
   }

   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   //使用synchronized修飾符
   public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      while (accounts[from] < amount)
         wait();//來自Object類
      System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
      accounts[from] -= amount;
      System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
      accounts[to] += amount;
      System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
      notifyAll();//解除所有線程的阻塞狀態
   }

   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public synchronized double getTotalBalance()
   {
      double sum = 0;

      for (double a : accounts)
         sum += a;

      return sum;
   }

   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

Bank
package synch2;

/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure,
 * using synchronized methods.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest2
{
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();
      }
   }
}

SynchBankTest2

技術分享圖片

測試程序3:

l 在Elipse環境下運行以下程序,結合程序運行結果分析程序存在問題;

l 嘗試解決程序中存在問題。

class Cbank

{

private static int s=2000;

public static void sub(int m)

{

int temp=s;

temp=temp-m;

try {

Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));

}

catch (InterruptedException e) { }

s=temp;

System.out.println("s="+s);

}

}

class Customer extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)

Cbank.sub(100);

}

}

public class Thread3

{

public static void main(String args[])

{

Customer customer1 = new Customer();

Customer customer2 = new Customer();

customer1.start();

customer2.start();

}

}

class Cbank
{
     private static int s=2000;
     public   static synchronized void sub(int m)
     {

           int temp=s;
           temp=temp-m;
          try {
                 Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));
               }
           catch (InterruptedException e)  {              }
              s=temp;
              System.out.println("s="+s);
          }
    }


class Customer extends Thread
{
  public void run()
  {
   for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)
     Cbank.sub(100);
    }
 }
public class Thread3
{
 public static void main(String args[])
  {
   Customer customer1 = new Customer();
   Customer customer2 = new Customer();
   customer1.start();
   customer2.start();
  }
}

Cbank

技術分享圖片

實驗2 編程練習

利用多線程及同步方法,編寫一個程序模擬火車票售票系統,共3個窗口,賣10張票,程序輸出結果類似(程序輸出不唯一,可以是其他類似結果)。

Thread-0窗口售:第1張票

Thread-0窗口售:第2張票

Thread-1窗口售:第3張票

Thread-2窗口售:第4張票

Thread-2窗口售:第5張票

Thread-1窗口售:第6張票

Thread-0窗口售:第7張票

Thread-2窗口售:第8張票

Thread-1窗口售:第9張票

Thread-0窗口售:第10張票

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Myrhread myrhread = new Myrhread();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myrhread);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myrhread);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myrhread);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

class Myrhread implements Runnable {
    int t = 1;
    boolean flag = true;

    public void run() {
        while (flag) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(500);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized (this) {
                if (t <= 10) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "窗口售:第" + t + "張票");
                    t++;
                }
                if (t > 10) {
                    flag = false;
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

 Demo

技術分享圖片

三、實驗總結:

本周的實驗容量很少,實驗也相對來說簡單,完成的還算順利。學長也教了我們常用的一些快捷鍵,本周的收獲還是很大的。在以後的學習中我會繼續完善在這門語言學習中我的不足,也會銘記老師的教誨,不會學完之後就忘記,而是學會使用這門語言解決以後學習中的問題。在這裏對老師和學長再次表示真摯的感謝。

狄慧201771010104《面向對象程序設計(java)》第十七周學習總結