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將matlab程式碼轉換成C程式碼

MATLAB Coder可以從MATLAB程式碼生成獨立的、可讀性強、可移植的C/C++程式碼。本文基於matlab2015a編制,但是也適用於matlab 2014~2016的版本

1. 使用MATLAB Coder產生C程式碼的4個步驟:

(1) 開發實現特定演算法功能的MATLAB程式碼及其測試檔案;

(2) 檢查MATLAB程式碼的相容性確保MATLAB程式碼中的語句都能被轉換成C程式碼(有些matlab程式碼語句並不能生成c/c++程式碼,例如matlab中的imreadimshow函式就不能被轉換c程式碼);

(3) 產生最終使用的原始碼或MEX;

(4)

利用MATLAB Coder生成c++程式碼,並在vs2008中驗證

2. Matlab功能模組程式碼及其測試程式碼

2.1 foo.m

function c = foo(a, b)%#codegen

%This function muliplies a and b

c = a.* b;

2.2 foo_high.m

其中,%#codegen可以防止出現警告錯誤

function r1 = foo_high(v1, v2)%#codegen

%This function muliplies a and b

r1=zeros(1,3);

r1(1)=foo(v1(1),v2(1));

r1(2:3) = foo(v1(2:3),v2(2:3));

2.3 test_main.m

clear all

clc

close all

a=8.97;

b=1.786;

a=[2.1 7.3 11];

b=[1.9 3.3 8];

rc = foo_high(a, b)

2.4 results

rc =3.9900 24.0900 88.0000

3. matlab程式碼轉成C程式碼的詳細步驟

(1) 在命令視窗,輸入mex -setpu,選中一個存在的編譯器;

(2) 在命令視窗輸入coder(圖形介面),回車,彈出

MATLAB Coder Project對話方塊;

或在matlab軟體的介面中點選MatLab Coder圖示。

生成的MATLAB Coder介面如下圖所示:

(3) Generate code for function中輸入需要轉換為C程式碼的matlab功能模組檔案:foo.mfoo_high.m

(4) 點選next按鈕,進入Define Input Types介面。輸入test_main.m測試檔案

(5) 點選Autodefine Input Types按鈕,從而使得matlab能自動檢測出foo函式的介面變數的維度和型別。

(6) 點選next按鈕,進入check for run-time issues介面

點選check for issues按鈕進入對應的介面:

上述問題表示啟用的程式碼沒有呼叫foo函式的入口foo函式沒有被呼叫。因為foo函式的功能已經被包含在foo_high函式中了。這裡的紅色部分可以不用理會。

(7) 點選next按鈕,進入Generate Code介面:

點選“Generate”按鈕matlab生成對應的C程式碼並顯示對應的介面:

(8) 點選next按鈕,顯示結束Finish Workflow”介面

4. 在vs2013中對轉換獲得的C程式碼進行測試。

Matlab轉換生成的C程式碼,會生成一個codegen資料夾,下面包含兩個子資料夾libmexLib子資料夾下面包含xxx.h/xxx.c/xxx_initialize.c/xxx_initialize.c/xxx_tpyes.h

/rt_nonfinite.c/rt_nonfinite.h/rtGetInf.c/rtGetInf.h/rtGetNaN.c/rtGetNaN.h檔案,其中只有xxx.c轉換後所獲得的核心檔案。其它檔案都是支援性檔案。Mex資料夾下的檔案是具有冗餘的檔案可不予考慮。

4.1 foo_high.c

void foo_high(const double v1[3],const double v2[3],double r1[3])

{

int i1;

/* This function muliplies a and b */

r1[0] = v1[0] * v2[0];

/* This function muliplies a and b */

for (i1 = 0; i1 < 2; i1++) {

r1[1 + i1] = v1[1 + i1] * v2[1 + i1];

}

}

4.2 Main.c

#include <iostream>

#include <D:\matlab_to_C\test_folder_5\vs_project2\foo_high.c>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

double a[3] = {4,9,2};

double b[3] = {2,7,8};

double c[3];

//cin >> a >> b;

foo_high(a,b,c);

cout << "c = " << c << endl;

cout << "c[0] = " << c[0] << endl;

cout << "c[1] = " << c[1] << endl;

cout << "c[2] = " << c[2] << endl;

cin.get();

return 0;

}


5. Example of C_Plus_Plus code

5.1 func1

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int func1(int a, int b)

{

int i0;

i0 = a*b;

cout << "\n***Good Test*******" << endl;

//return(int)i0;

return i0;

}

5.2 main

#include <stdio.h>

#include <iostream>

extern int func1(int a, int b);

//#include"func1.cpp"

using namespace std;

int main(void){

int i, a[10];

int b[8] = {11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88};

cout << "*****Good Test*******" << endl;

for (i = 0; i <= 9; i++)

a[i] = i;

for (i = 9; i >= 0; i--)

printf("%d ", a[i]);

for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--)

printf("%d ", b[i]);

int rt;

rt = func1(8, 9);

cout << "rt="<< rt << endl;;

cin.get();

return 0;

}


6. Ref: “C Code Generation Using the MATLAB Coder App” from the matlab website.

7. 備註

(1) Overview選項卡中,點選Add files,彈出對話方塊,選中foo.m開啟;

(2) 單擊變數a,選擇Define by Example…,彈出MATLAB Coder Define by Example對話方塊,在MATLAB Expression中輸入5,點選OK;同樣變數b也進行相應操作,輸入6

(3) 選中Build選項卡,Output type中選擇c/c++ Static Library;選中Generate code only

(4) 點選More settingsGeneralàLanguage選擇C++Interface選項中去掉所有選項;Close

(5) 點選Build,進行編譯;點選View report,彈出Code Generation Report對話方塊,此時,變數abc會顯示相應的變數資訊;

(6) 利用vs2008建立一個控制檯應用程式,將生成的相關檔案foo.hfoo.cpprtwtypes.hfoo_types.h拷到相關目錄下並新增到應用程式中;

(7) foo.cpp檔案中新增#include “stdafx.h”

(8) test.cpp檔案中程式碼為:

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "foo.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])

{ double a = 0.0, b = 0.0, c = 0.0;

cin>>a>>b;

c = foo(a, b);

cout<<"c = "<<c<<endl;

return 0;}

7. 一個複雜的例子

求一個數的n次方根:

4.1兩個.m檔案:

nrt.m:

function [nth_rt, iterations, hstry] = nrt(varargin)%#codegen

%This function will use a Newton Search Technique to find

%the nth root of a number, a, to the tolerance, tol.

%The square root

% nrt(10, 2), or nrt(10, 2, 1e-9)

%The "n" root

%nrt(10, n), or nrt(10, n, 1e-9)

a = varargin{1};

n = varargin{2};

if nargin ~= 3

tol = 1e-9;

else

tol = varargin{3};

end

if a < 0

nth_rt = 0;

iterations = 0;

hstry = 0;

else

[nth_rt, hstry] = newtonSearchAlgorithm(a, n, tol);

iterations = length(find(hstry ~= 0));

%iterations = sum(hstry ~= 0);

end

newtonSearchAlgorithm.m

function [x, h] = newtonSearchAlgorithm(b, n, tol) %#codegen

%Given, "a", this function finds the nth root of a

%number by finding where: x^n-a = 0

coder.inline('never'); %使其生成一個單獨的c++檔案

notDone = 1;

aNew = 0; %Refined Guess Initialization

a = 1; %Initial Guess

cnt = 0;

h = zeros(50, 1);

h(1) = a;

while notDone

cnt = cnt + 1;

[curVal, slope] = f_and_df(a, b, n); % square

yint = curVal - slope * a;

aNew = -yint / slope; %The new guess

h(cnt) = aNew;

if (abs(aNew-a) < tol) %Break if it's converged

notDone = 0;

elseif cnt > 49 %after 50 iterations, stop

notDone = 0;

aNew = 0;

else

a = aNew;

end

end

x = aNew;

function [f, df] = f_and_df(a, b, n)

%Our function is f=a^n-b and it's derivative is n*a^(n-1).

f = a^n-b;

df = n*a^(n-1);

2 在命令視窗輸入coder(圖形介面),回車,彈出MATLAB Coder Project對話方塊;

3、在New選項卡Name中輸入一個工程名nrt.prj;點選Ok,彈出MATLAB Coder MEX Function對話方塊;

4、在Overview選項卡中,點選Add files,彈出對話方塊,選中nrt.m開啟;

5、新增三個輸入,分別為1021e-9;兩個輸入也可以;

6、選中Build選項卡,Output type中選擇c/c++ Static Library;選中Generate code only

7、點選More settingsGeneral-->Language選擇C++Interface選項中去掉所有選項;Close

8、點選Build,進行編譯;點選View report,彈出Code Generation Report對話方塊;

9、利用vs2008建立一個控制檯應用程式,將生成的相關檔案nrt.cppnrt.hnewtonSearchAlgorithm.cppnewtonSearchAlgorithm.hnrt_types.hrtwtypes.h拷到相關目錄下並新增到應用程式中;

10、分別在nrt.cppnewtonSearchAlgorithm.cpp檔案中新增#include “stdafx.h”

11test.cpp檔案中程式碼為:

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "nrt.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])

{

double varargin_1 = 0, varargin_2 = 0, varargin_3 = 1e-9;

cin>>varargin_1>>varargin_2;

double nth_rt = 0, iterations = 0;

double hstry_data[50] = {0};

int hstry_sizes[1] = {0};

nrt(varargin_1, varargin_2, varargin_3, &nth_rt, &iterations, hstry_data, hstry_sizes);

cout<<"nth_rt = "<<nth_rt<<endl;

cout<<"iterations = "<<iterations<<endl;

cout<<"hstry_data = "<<endl;

for (int i=0; i<50; i++)

{

cout<<hstry_data[i]<<endl;

}

cout<<"hstry_sizes = "<<hstry_sizes[0]<<endl;

return 0;

}

感謝 [南極粥](https://me.csdn.net/zyqdragon)