We appear on the cusp of a fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. Enabled by the concurrent development and integration of digital and physical technologies, Industry 4.0 could transform the manufacturing ecosystem--and many other sectors and industries beyond (see the sidebar "What is Industry 4.0?" to learn more). As these waves of change reshape the competitive landscape, organizations should think strategically when determining where to focus and invest, to build their capabilities. Depending on their strategic objective, manufacturers can decide which Industry 4.0 technology they wish to adopt across multiple objectives and horizons of maturity. It is often very difficult, however, to build these new advanced capabilities from the ground up.