Docker容器中部署靜態網頁
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-31
一般我們在訪問容器時需要通過容器的埠來訪問，那如何設定容器的埠對映呢？我們通過以下命令來設定：
docker run -p ip:hostPort:containerPort [--name] [-i] [-t] 映象名 [COMMAND][ARG...]ip：表示宿主機ip
hostPort：宿主機埠號
containerPort：容器埠號
設定的方式有以下幾種：
- containerPort，指定容器埠號,宿主機埠隨機生成
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash - hostPort：containerPort對映主機埠和容器埠
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 8080:80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash- ip::containerPort設定主機的隨機埠到容器埠
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0::80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash - ip:hostPort:containerPort對映指定地址的指定埠到容器的指定埠
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0:8080:80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash下面通過nginx在容器部署靜態網頁，通過以下步驟
- 建立80對映埠的互動式容器
- 安裝nginx
- 安裝文字編輯器vim
- 建立靜態網頁
- 執行nginx
- 驗證網頁
示例如下（如果安裝完ubuntu後不能安裝nginx進行apt-get update）:
[[email protected] ~]# docker run -p 80 --name static_test -i -t hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package nginx
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
**中間日誌省略。。。。。。。。。。**
Fetched 24.9 MB in 9s (2717 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
**安裝日誌省略。。。。。。。。。。**然後安裝vim:
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
**安裝日誌省略。。。。。。。。。。**然後建立存放靜態檔案的目錄，並建立一個簡單的html檔案：
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# mkdir -p /var/www/html
root@25fcbf6e953d:/#
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# cd /var/www/html/
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# vim index.html
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 53 Mar 13 05:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Mar 13 04:50 ../
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 Mar 13 05:02 index.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Mar 13 04:51 index.nginx-debian.html
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# cat index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
this is the first docker static file
</h1>
</body>
</html>
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# 找到nginx的安裝目錄，更改default的root值為剛才建立的目錄：
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 20 Mar 13 04:51 ./
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Mar 13 04:51 ../
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Mar 13 04:51 default -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# vim default 
然後啟動nginx,檢視容器程序：
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# nginx
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 04:48 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 827 1 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
www-data 828 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 829 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 830 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 831 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 832 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 833 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 834 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 835 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 836 1 0 05:07 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# 然後按ctrl+p,ctrl+q退出互動式容器。
使用docker ps檢視容器的埠和執行情況，也可以通過dcoker port 映象名檢視：
root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
25fcbf6e953d hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:32772->80/tcp static_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker port static_test
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32772
[root@localhost ~]# 可以看到容器的80埠對映到註解的32772埠。
通過curl訪問建立的index.html檔案：
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:32772/index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
this is the first docker static file
</h1>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]#也可以通過docker inspect 容器名來檢視容器的詳細資訊和ip
通過容器ip進行訪問：
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect static_test
其他資訊省略
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",[root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.5/index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
this is the first docker static file
</h1>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# 當我們使用docker stop 容器名停止這個容器後，再使用docker start 容器名啟動容器後，裡面的nginx並沒有啟動。那麼我們使用docker exec 容器名 nginx來啟動：
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop static_test
static_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b4f32bbe4a34 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 41 hours ago Up 41 hours loving_brattain
d75a2d8c7822 xingguo/df_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp df_nginx_web
959c0fc5d903 xingguo/commit_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker start static_test
static_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
25fcbf6e953d hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp static_test
b4f32bbe4a34 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 41 hours ago Up 41 hours loving_brattain
d75a2d8c7822 xingguo/df_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp df_nginx_web
959c0fc5d903 xingguo/commit_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker top static_test
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 4719 4702 0 13:17 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec static_test nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker top static_test
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 4719 4702 0 13:17 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 4800 1 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
amandab+ 4801 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4802 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4803 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4804 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4805 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4806 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4807 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4808 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@localhost ~]#