2. 程式人生 > >GNU ARM彙編--(十七)u-boot的makefile和mkconfig解讀

GNU ARM彙編--(十七)u-boot的makefile和mkconfig解讀

阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-31

        自己寫的bootloader可以引導kernel了,我以為曾經神祕的u-boot程式碼將變得毫無挑戰,然事實表明u-boot作為優秀的開原始碼,閱讀起來還是很有挑戰的,值得一讀!

        閱讀碰到的頭等問題:Makefile和shell指令碼看不懂...

        說起來做linux也很久了,Makefile和shell指令碼都接觸過,但真的都是略懂而已.因為公司的Makefile和shell簡單的一眼望的對穿,很初級的寫法,簡單的應用.再隨便在網上下個老外的開原始碼,那個Makefile和shell複雜啊.一不留神想起來了qt的qmake根據工程檔案生成的Makefile也是很簡單,但qmake是人家老外寫的.不說其他語言了,只看Makefile和shell，中外的差距就在那了.

        這次準備移植u-boot到tq2440上,選用的u-boot版本是u-boot-2012.07.

        下面是我對u-boot配置和編譯的makefile mkconfig config.mk等檔案的解讀,有些解讀我是在源檔上新增文字註釋的,有些是另外寫的,解讀難免有誤,若有讀者發現了,希望能夠指出,在下感激不盡!

        在編譯u-boot的過程,就是make xxx_config和make兩步

        以make smdk2410_config為例:

        當以smdk2410_config為目標時,makefile中前面一些變數的定義和其他檔案的引用也是有的,這個在原檔中添加了有關注釋:

        在makefile中有:

unconfig:
	@rm -f $(obj)include/config.h $(obj)include/config.mk \
		$(obj)board/*/config.tmp $(obj)board/*/*/config.tmp \
		$(obj)include/autoconf.mk $(obj)include/autoconf.mk.dep

%_config::	unconfig
	echo [email protected]
	$(MKCONFIG) -A $(@:_config=)

        %是個萬用字元,make xxx_config都是這個目標.目標的依賴是unconfig,unconfig的命令是刪除一些檔案,而這些檔案正是從make xxx_config過程中產生的.unconfig就是清理配置的.

        我們來看@$(MKCONFIG) -A $(@:_config=)
        其實執行的是mkconfig -A smdk2410
        我們可以在該行上面新增一行：echo [email protected]
        則會輸出smdk2410_config,因為[email protected]就是指目標
        $(@:_config=)是變數的替換引用
        格式為“$(VAR:A=B)”(或者“${VAR:A=B}”),意思是:替換變數“VAR”中所有“A”字元結尾的字為“B”結尾的字。
所以smdk2410_config末尾的_config去除了.

        下面就是執行mkconfig指令碼了,mkconfig -A smdk2410

        給出添加註釋的mkconfig檔案:

#!/bin/sh -e

# Script to create header files and links to configure
# U-Boot for a specific board.
#
# Parameters:  Target  Architecture  CPU  Board [VENDOR] [SOC]
#
# (C) 2002-2010 DENX Software Engineering, Wolfgang Denk <[email protected]>
#

APPEND=no	# Default: Create new config file
BOARD_NAME=""	# Name to print in make output
TARGETS=""

arch=""
cpu=""
board=""
vendor=""
soc=""
options=""

echo $#
if [ \( $# -eq 2 \) -a \( "$1" = "-A" \) ] ; then
	# Automatic mode
	line=`egrep -i "^[[:space:]]*${2}[[:space:]]" boards.cfg` || {
		echo "make: *** No rule to make target \`$2_config'.  Stop." >&2
		exit 1
	}

	set ${line}
	echo ${line}
	echo $#
	# add default board name if needed
	[ $# = 3 ] && set ${line} ${1}
#####################################
#我們執行指令碼的命令是mkconfig -A smdk2410,$#表示的是引數的個數，$1表示的是第一個引數
#line 就是在boards.cfg檔案中smdk2410的那行，而-i表示忽略大小寫
#在boards.cfg檔案中，有
#Target                     ARCH        CPU         Board name          Vendor	        SoC         Options
#smdk2410                     arm         arm920t     -                   samsung        s3c24x0
#  set ${line}
#  set也可用於在指令碼內部給出其執行引數,所以這個時候引數就變為"smdk2410 arm arm920t - samsung s3c24x0"
#這個時候引數個數就變成6個了
######################################
elif [ "${MAKEFLAGS+set}${MAKELEVEL+set}" = "setset" ] ; then
	# only warn when using a config target in the Makefile
	cat <<-EOF

	warning: Please migrate to boards.cfg.  Failure to do so will
	         mean removal of your board in the next release.

	EOF
	sleep 5
fi

echo $1
while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do
	case "$1" in
	--) shift ; break ;;
	-a) shift ; APPEND=yes ;;
	-n) shift ; BOARD_NAME="${1%_config}" ; shift ;;
	-t) shift ; TARGETS="`echo $1 | sed 's:_: :g'` ${TARGETS}" ; shift ;;
	*)  break ;;
	esac
done
################################################
#因為$1的值為smdk2410,所以case找不到對應的
#################################################

[ $# -lt 4 ] && exit 1
[ $# -gt 7 ] && exit 1
##################################################
#對引數個數做檢查，小於4個或大於7個就退出
##################################################

# Strip all options and/or _config suffixes
CONFIG_NAME="${1%_config}"
####################
#CONFIG_NAME的值為smdk2410
#########################
echo config_
echo ${CONFIG_NAME}

[ "${BOARD_NAME}" ] || BOARD_NAME="${1%_config}"
echo board
echo ${BOARD_NAME}
###########################################
#如果BOARD_NAME在之前已經被設定了，就不做任何動作；如果為空，就設定為smdk2410.這裡設定為smdk2410
############################################

arch="$2"
cpu="$3"
if [ "$4" = "-" ] ; then
	board=${BOARD_NAME}
else
	board="$4"
fi
######################################################
#設定arch變數的值為arm
#cpu變數的值為arm920t
#因為第四個變數為"-",所以board變數的值為smdk2410
#######################################################


[ $# -gt 4 ] && [ "$5" != "-" ] && vendor="$5"
[ $# -gt 5 ] && [ "$6" != "-" ] && soc="$6"
#############################################################
#設定verdor變數的值為samsung
#設定soc變數的值為s3c24x0
#############################################################
[ $# -gt 6 ] && [ "$7" != "-" ] && {
	# check if we have a board config name in the options field
	# the options field mave have a board config name and a list
	# of options, both separated by a colon (':'); the options are
	# separated by commas (',').
	#
	# Check for board name
	tmp="${7%:*}"
	if [ "$tmp" ] ; then
		CONFIG_NAME="$tmp"
	fi
	# Check if we only have a colon...
	if [ "${tmp}" != "$7" ] ; then
		options=${7#*:}
		TARGETS="`echo ${options} | sed 's:,: :g'` ${TARGETS}"
	fi
}
#################################################
#因為我們的變數個數就是6個，這一段不執行
#################################################
echo ${ARCH}
echo ${arch}
if [ "${ARCH}" -a "${ARCH}" != "${arch}" ]; then
	echo "Failed: \$ARCH=${ARCH}, should be '${arch}' for ${BOARD_NAME}" 1>&2
	exit 1
fi
####################################################
#ARCH是在頂層makefile中定義的，在此刻還是為空的。
#如果ARCH已經有值了，那麼就檢測ARCH和arch是否匹配了.
####################################################

if [ "$options" ] ; then
	echo "Configuring for ${BOARD_NAME} - Board: ${CONFIG_NAME}, Options: ${options}"
else
	echo "Configuring for ${BOARD_NAME} board..."
fi
###########################################################################
#我們沒有定義options變數，所以輸出Configuring for smdk2410 board...
###########################################################################


#
# Create link to architecture specific headers
#
echo ${SRCTREE}
echo ${OBJTREE}
if [ "$SRCTREE" != "$OBJTREE" ] ; then
	mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include
	mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include2
	cd ${OBJTREE}/include2
	rm -f asm
	ln -s ${SRCTREE}/arch/${arch}/include/asm asm
	LNPREFIX=${SRCTREE}/arch/${arch}/include/asm/
	cd ../include
	mkdir -p asm
else
	cd ./include
	rm -f asm
	ln -s ../arch/${arch}/include/asm asm
fi
#############################################################################
#在makefile中我們已經知道SRCTREE和OBJTREE都是當前目錄，所以這裡執行else
#進入./include目錄，刪除asm連結，並重新建立連結asm,指向arch/arm/include/asm
#############################################################################

rm -f asm/arch
#########################################################################
#刪除include目錄下的asm下的arch連結檔案
########################################################################

ss=
echo ${ss}
if [ -z "${ss}" ] ; then
	echo "null"
else
	echo "not null"
fi

echo ${LNPREFIX}
if [ -z "${soc}" ] ; then
	ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-${cpu} asm/arch
else
	ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-${soc} asm/arch
fi
##########################################################
#-z用來檢測字串是否為空,為空返回真
#這裡我們的soc不為空,執行else
#將asm/arch鏈向arch-s3c24x0，看一下arch-s3c24x0目錄，裡面都是s3c24x0相關的標頭檔案
##########################################################

if [ "${arch}" = "arm" ] ; then
	rm -f asm/proc
	ln -s ${LNPREFIX}proc-armv asm/proc
fi
###########################################################
#刪除asm/proc連結檔案
#將asm/proc鏈向proc-armv目錄,該目錄下是四個標頭檔案:domain.h\processor.h\ptrace.h\system.h
#############################################################

#
# Create include file for Make
#
echo "ARCH   = ${arch}"  >  config.mk
echo "CPU    = ${cpu}"   >> config.mk
echo "BOARD  = ${board}" >> config.mk

[ "${vendor}" ] && echo "VENDOR = ${vendor}" >> config.mk

[ "${soc}"    ] && echo "SOC    = ${soc}"    >> config.mk
######################################################################
#上面幾句的作用在註釋中描述的很清楚
#include/config.mk的檔案如下：
#ARCH   = arm
#CPU    = arm920t
#BOARD  = smdk2410
#VENDOR = samsung
#SOC    = s3c24x0
######################################################################

# Assign board directory to BOARDIR variable
if [ -z "${vendor}" ] ; then
    BOARDDIR=${board}
else
    BOARDDIR=${vendor}/${board}
fi
echo ${BOARDDIR}
#######################################################################
#因為vendor變數不為空，所以執行else
#BOARDDIR的值為samsung/s3c24x0
########################################################################
#
# Create board specific header file
#
if [ "$APPEND" = "yes" ]	# Append to existing config file
then
	echo >> config.h
else
	> config.h		# Create new config file
fi
########################################################################
#在檔案的最開頭可以看到APPEND為no，所以這裡我們在include資料夾下建立config.h檔案
#######################################################################
echo "/* Automatically generated - do not edit */" >>config.h

echo ${TARGETS}
for i in ${TARGETS} ; do
	i="`echo ${i} | sed '/=/ {s/=/	/;q; } ; { s/$/	1/; }'`"
	echo "#define CONFIG_${i}" >>config.h ;
done
###################################################
#這裡我們TARGETS為空，上面不執行了
##################################################

echo "#define CONFIG_SYS_ARCH  \"${arch}\""  >> config.h
echo "#define CONFIG_SYS_CPU   \"${cpu}\""   >> config.h
echo "#define CONFIG_SYS_BOARD \"${board}\"" >> config.h

[ "${vendor}" ] && echo "#define CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR \"${vendor}\"" >> config.h

[ "${soc}"    ] && echo "#define CONFIG_SYS_SOC    \"${soc}\""    >> config.h

cat << EOF >> config.h
#define CONFIG_BOARDDIR board/$BOARDDIR
#include <config_cmd_defaults.h>
#include <config_defaults.h>
#include <configs/${CONFIG_NAME}.h>
#include <asm/config.h>
#include <config_fallbacks.h>
EOF
######################################################
#生成config.h檔案如下:
#	/* Automatically generated - do not edit */
#	#define CONFIG_SYS_ARCH  "arm"
#	#define CONFIG_SYS_CPU   "arm920t"
#	#define CONFIG_SYS_BOARD "smdk2410"
#	#define CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR "samsung"
#	#define CONFIG_SYS_SOC    "s3c24x0"
#	#define CONFIG_BOARDDIR board/samsung/smdk2410
#	#include <config_cmd_defaults.h>
#	#include <config_defaults.h>
#	#include <configs/smdk2410.h>
#	#include <asm/config.h>
#	#include <config_fallbacks.h>
#####################################################
exit 0
        

        make xxx_config後,主要的變化是多了幾個檔案:

        1.include/asm    -->     arch/arm/include/arm

        2.include/asm/arch  -->  arch-s3c24x0

        3.include/asm/proc  -->  proc-armv
        4.在include目錄下新建了config.mk檔案,檔案內容是ARCH CPU BOARD VENDOR SOC的定義

        5.在include目錄下新建了config.h檔案

        接著看make:

        給出部分makefile中的註釋,主要是一些變數的定義:

VERSION = 2012
PATCHLEVEL = 07
SUBLEVEL =
EXTRAVERSION =
ifneq "$(SUBLEVEL)" ""
U_BOOT_VERSION = $(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)
else
U_BOOT_VERSION = $(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)
endif
################################
#定義U_BOOT_VERSION為2012.07
#####################################


TIMESTAMP_FILE = $(obj)include/generated/timestamp_autogenerated.h
VERSION_FILE = $(obj)include/generated/version_autogenerated.h
###############################
#因為obj為空，所以定義TIMESTAMP_FILE為include/generated/timestamp_autogenerated.h
#定義VERSION_FILE為include/generated/version_autogenerated.h
#****************

HOSTARCH := $(shell uname -m | \
	sed -e s/i.86/x86/ \
	    -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \
	    -e s/arm.*/arm/ \
	    -e s/sa110/arm/ \
	    -e s/ppc64/powerpc/ \
	    -e s/ppc/powerpc/ \
	    -e s/macppc/powerpc/\
	    -e s/sh.*/sh/)

HOSTOS := $(shell uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | \
	    sed -e 's/\(cygwin\).*/cygwin/')

# Set shell to bash if possible, otherwise fall back to sh
SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; \
	else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; \
	else echo sh; fi; fi)

export	HOSTARCH HOSTOS SHELL
#########################
#HOSTARCH為i686，HOSTOS為linux，SHELL為/bin/sh
#############################

# Deal with colliding definitions from tcsh etc.
VENDOR=

#########################################################################
# Allow for silent builds
ifeq (,$(findstring s,$(MAKEFLAGS)))
XECHO = echo
else
XECHO = :
endif
###########################
#因為MAKEFLAGS變數的字串為空，找不到s，所以ifeq為真，XECHO = echo
###########################


#########################################################################
#
# U-boot build supports producing a object files to the separate external
# directory. Two use cases are supported:
#
# 1) Add O= to the make command line
# 'make O=/tmp/build all'
#
# 2) Set environement variable BUILD_DIR to point to the desired location
# 'export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build'
# 'make'
#
# The second approach can also be used with a MAKEALL script
# 'export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build'
# './MAKEALL'
#
# Command line 'O=' setting overrides BUILD_DIR environent variable.
#
# When none of the above methods is used the local build is performed and
# the object files are placed in the source directory.
#

ifdef O
ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
BUILD_DIR := $(O)
endif
endif
#################################
#如果沒有在make命令列中定義O=/tmp之類的，那麼BUILD_DIR就為/tmp，否則為空。
#當使用make O=/tmp時，表明#ifdef O有定義，而$(origin O)返回的就是"command line"
#################################

ifneq ($(BUILD_DIR),)
saved-output := $(BUILD_DIR)

# Attempt to create a output directory.
$(shell [ -d ${BUILD_DIR} ] || mkdir -p ${BUILD_DIR})

# Verify if it was successful.
BUILD_DIR := $(shell cd $(BUILD_DIR) && /bin/pwd)
$(if $(BUILD_DIR),,$(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist))
endif # ifneq ($(BUILD_DIR),)
#################################
#如果BUILD_DIR不為空，那麼這幾句就執行：
#首先，saved-output變數也是BUILD_DIR的值
#如果BUILD_DIR不存在，那麼就建立BUILD_DIR目錄
#檢測BUILD_DIR目錄是否成功建好了，如果有問題就輸出錯誤資訊
#################################


OBJTREE		:= $(if $(BUILD_DIR),$(BUILD_DIR),$(CURDIR))
SPLTREE		:= $(OBJTREE)/spl
SRCTREE		:= $(CURDIR)
TOPDIR		:= $(SRCTREE)
LNDIR		:= $(OBJTREE)
export	TOPDIR SRCTREE OBJTREE SPLTREE
###########################################
#如果BUILD_DIR有值，那麼OBJTREE就是BUILD_DIR的值，如果BUILD_DIR為空，那麼OBJTREE就是CURDIR的值，$(CURDIR)時GNU Make內嵌的變數，是當前目錄。
#我們在make時候不加O=/tmp之類的引數，所以OBJTREE就是當前工作目錄，SPLTREE是當前工作目錄下的spl目錄，SRCTREE時當前工作目錄，TOPDIR也是當前目錄，LNDIR也是當前目錄。
##########################################

MKCONFIG	:= $(SRCTREE)/mkconfig
export MKCONFIG
#############################################
#MKCONFIG定義為當前工作目錄下的mkconfig指令碼，並export
#############################################

ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
REMOTE_BUILD	:= 1
export REMOTE_BUILD
endif
####################################################################
#在我們的執行中，OBJTREE和SRCTREE是相等的，所以不管了
###################################################################

# $(obj) and (src) are defined in config.mk but here in main Makefile
# we also need them before config.mk is included which is the case for
# some targets like unconfig, clean, clobber, distclean, etc.
ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
obj := $(OBJTREE)/
src := $(SRCTREE)/
else
obj :=
src :=
endif
export obj src
#######################################
#可以先看下上面的註釋   因為兩個路徑相同，所以執行else
#########################################

# Make sure CDPATH settings don't interfere
unexport CDPATH

#########################################################################

# The "tools" are needed early, so put this first
# Don't include stuff already done in $(LIBS)
# The "examples" conditionally depend on U-Boot (say, when USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC
# is "yes"), so compile examples after U-Boot is compiled.
SUBDIR_TOOLS = tools
SUBDIR_EXAMPLES = examples/standalone examples/api
SUBDIRS = $(SUBDIR_TOOLS)
###############################################
#定義SUBDIR_TOOLS SUBDIR_EXAMPLES 和 SUBDIRS
###############################################

.PHONY : $(SUBDIRS) $(VERSION_FILE) $(TIMESTAMP_FILE)
########################
#定義幾個偽目標
########################

ifeq ($(obj)include/config.mk,$(wildcard $(obj)include/config.mk))

# Include autoconf.mk before config.mk so that the config options are available
# to all top level build files.  We need the dummy all: target to prevent the
# dependency target in autoconf.mk.dep from being the default.
all:
sinclude $(obj)include/autoconf.mk.dep
sinclude $(obj)include/autoconf.mk
###################################################################################
#包含auoconf.mk和autoconf.mk.dep檔案
###################################################################################
ifndef CONFIG_SANDBOX
SUBDIRS += $(SUBDIR_EXAMPLES)
endif
###################################
#追加SUBDIRS 為"tools  examples/standalone examples/api"
###################################

# load ARCH, BOARD, and CPU configuration
include $(obj)include/config.mk
export	ARCH CPU BOARD VENDOR SOC
#######################################
#包含include/config.mk檔案，這個檔案是在make xxx_config過程中產生的
#######################################

# set default to nothing for native builds
ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
endif
#######################################
#看看註釋就知道了，但是很顯示我們的HOSTARCH是x86的，目標時arm的
########################################

# load other configuration
include $(TOPDIR)/config.mk
#######################################
#包含uboot頂層目錄的config.mk檔案
#######################################

# If board code explicitly specified LDSCRIPT or CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT, use
# that (or fail if absent).  Otherwise, search for a linker script in a
# standard location.
LDSCRIPT_MAKEFILE_DIR = $(dir $(LDSCRIPT))
##############################################################################
#用等號賦值的變數是遞迴方式擴充套件的變數。變數定義時，變數值中對其他變數的引用不會被替換展開；
#而是變數在引用它的地方替換展開的同時，它所引用的其它變數才會被一同替換展開。
#其優點是：
#這種型別變數在定義時，可以引用其它的之前沒有定義的變數（可能在後續部分定義，或者是通過make的命令列選項傳遞的變數）。
#LDSCRIPT變數就是後面才定義的
##############################################################################

ifndef LDSCRIPT
	#LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds.debug
	ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT
		# need to strip off double quotes
		LDSCRIPT := $(subst ",,$(CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT))
	endif
endif
#######################################################################################
#如果定義了CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT，將CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT代表的字串去掉雙引號後賦值給LDSCRIPT變數
#這裡我們並沒有定義CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT
#######################################################################################

# If there is no specified link script, we look in a number of places for it
ifndef LDSCRIPT
	ifeq ($(CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT),y)
		LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot-nand.lds
		ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
			LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/$(CPUDIR)/u-boot-nand.lds
		endif
	endif
	ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
		LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds
	endif
	ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
		LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/$(CPUDIR)/u-boot.lds
	endif
	ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
		LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/arch/$(ARCH)/cpu/u-boot.lds
		# We don't expect a Makefile here
		LDSCRIPT_MAKEFILE_DIR =
	endif
	ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
$(error could not find linker script)
	endif
endif
##########################################################################################
#註釋寫的很明確，如果沒有用CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT指定LDSCRIPT，那麼就在幾個地方搜
#第一個地方:如果CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT是y，就用u-boot-nand.lds         但是這裡沒有這個定義
#第一個地方沒找到，就找第二個地方:u-boot-2012.07/board/samsung/smdk2410     這個目錄沒有u-boot.lds檔案
#第二個地方沒找到，就找第三個地方:其中CPUDIR是在頂層的config.mk中定義的，在arch/arm/cpu/arm920t中找    這個目錄也沒有
#第三個地方沒找到，就找第四個地方:arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds，這裡就找到了！！！！
##########################################################################################

#########################################################################
# U-Boot objects....order is important (i.e. start must be first)

OBJS  = $(CPUDIR)/start.o
ifeq ($(CPU),x86)
OBJS += $(CPUDIR)/start16.o
OBJS += $(CPUDIR)/resetvec.o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),ppc4xx)
OBJS += $(CPUDIR)/resetvec.o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc85xx)
OBJS += $(CPUDIR)/resetvec.o
endif

OBJS := $(addprefix $(obj),$(OBJS))
#####################################
#為OBJS增加字首,其中obj在頂層目錄的config.mk中定義,這裡根據實際情況 OBJS就是 arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.o
#####################################

LIBS  = lib/libgeneric.o
LIBS += lib/lzma/liblzma.o
LIBS += lib/lzo/liblzo.o
LIBS += lib/zlib/libz.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_TIZEN),y)
LIBS += lib/tizen/libtizen.o
endif
LIBS += $(shell if [ -f board/$(VENDOR)/common/Makefile ]; then echo \
	"board/$(VENDOR)/common/lib$(VENDOR).o"; fi)
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/lib$(CPU).o
ifdef SOC
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/$(SOC)/lib$(SOC).o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),ixp)
LIBS += arch/arm/cpu/ixp/npe/libnpe.o
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_OF_EMBED),y)
LIBS += dts/libdts.o
endif
LIBS += arch/$(ARCH)/lib/lib$(ARCH).o
LIBS += fs/cramfs/libcramfs.o fs/fat/libfat.o fs/fdos/libfdos.o fs/jffs2/libjffs2.o \
	fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.o fs/ext2/libext2fs.o fs/yaffs2/libyaffs2.o \
	fs/ubifs/libubifs.o
LIBS += net/libnet.o
LIBS += disk/libdisk.o
LIBS += drivers/bios_emulator/libatibiosemu.o
LIBS += drivers/block/libblock.o
LIBS += drivers/dma/libdma.o
LIBS += drivers/fpga/libfpga.o
LIBS += drivers/gpio/libgpio.o
LIBS += drivers/hwmon/libhwmon.o
LIBS += drivers/i2c/libi2c.o
LIBS += drivers/input/libinput.o
LIBS += drivers/misc/libmisc.o
LIBS += drivers/mmc/libmmc.o
LIBS += drivers/mtd/libmtd.o
LIBS += drivers/mtd/nand/libnand.o
LIBS += drivers/mtd/onenand/libonenand.o
LIBS += drivers/mtd/ubi/libubi.o
LIBS += drivers/mtd/spi/libspi_flash.o
LIBS += drivers/net/libnet.o
LIBS += drivers/net/phy/libphy.o
LIBS += drivers/pci/libpci.o
LIBS += drivers/pcmcia/libpcmcia.o
LIBS += drivers/power/libpower.o
LIBS += drivers/spi/libspi.o
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc83xx)
LIBS += drivers/qe/libqe.o
LIBS += arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc8xxx/ddr/libddr.o
LIBS += arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc8xxx/lib8xxx.o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc85xx)
LIBS += drivers/qe/libqe.o
LIBS += drivers/net/fm/libfm.o
LIBS += arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc8xxx/ddr/libddr.o
LIBS += arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc8xxx/lib8xxx.o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc86xx)
LIBS += arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc8xxx/ddr/libddr.o
LIBS += arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc8xxx/lib8xxx.o
endif
LIBS += drivers/rtc/librtc.o
LIBS += drivers/serial/libserial.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_GENERIC_LPC_TPM),y)
LIBS += drivers/tpm/libtpm.o
endif
LIBS += drivers/twserial/libtws.o
LIBS += drivers/usb/eth/libusb_eth.o
LIBS += drivers/usb/gadget/libusb_gadget.o
LIBS += drivers/usb/host/libusb_host.o
LIBS += drivers/usb/musb/libusb_musb.o
LIBS += drivers/usb/phy/libusb_phy.o
LIBS += drivers/usb/ulpi/libusb_ulpi.o
LIBS += drivers/video/libvideo.o
LIBS += drivers/watchdog/libwatchdog.o
LIBS += common/libcommon.o
LIBS += lib/libfdt/libfdt.o
LIBS += api/libapi.o
LIBS += post/libpost.o

ifneq ($(CONFIG_AM33XX)$(CONFIG_OMAP34XX)$(CONFIG_OMAP44XX)$(CONFIG_OMAP54XX),)
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/omap-common/libomap-common.o
endif

ifeq ($(SOC),mx5)
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/imx-common/libimx-common.o
endif
ifeq ($(SOC),mx6)
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/imx-common/libimx-common.o
endif

ifeq ($(SOC),s5pc1xx)
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/s5p-common/libs5p-common.o
endif
ifeq ($(SOC),exynos)
LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/s5p-common/libs5p-common.o
endif

LIBS := $(addprefix $(obj),$(sort $(LIBS)))
########################################
#將LIBS排序後為LIBS增加字首
#########################################
.PHONY : $(LIBS)

LIBBOARD = board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).o
LIBBOARD := $(addprefix $(obj),$(LIBBOARD))
###########################################
#為LIBBOARD增加字首,LIBBOARD就是board/samsung/smdk2410/libsmdk2410.o
###########################################

# Add GCC lib
ifdef USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC
ifeq ("$(USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC)", "yes")
PLATFORM_LIBGCC = $(OBJTREE)/arch/$(ARCH)/lib/libgcc.o
else
PLATFORM_LIBGCC = -L $(USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC) -lgcc
endif
else
PLATFORM_LIBGCC := -L $(shell dirname `$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name`) -lgcc
endif
PLATFORM_LIBS += $(PLATFORM_LIBGCC)
export PLATFORM_LIBS

# Special flags for CPP when processing the linker script.
# Pass the version down so we can handle backwards compatibility
# on the fly.
LDPPFLAGS += \
	-include $(TOPDIR)/include/u-boot/u-boot.lds.h \
	-DCPUDIR=$(CPUDIR) \
	$(shell $(LD) --version | \
	  sed -ne 's/GNU ld version \([0-9][0-9]*\)\.\([0-9][0-9]*\).*/-DLD_MAJOR=\1 -DLD_MINOR=\2/p')

__OBJS := $(subst $(obj),,$(OBJS))
__LIBS := $(subst $(obj),,$(LIBS)) $(subst $(obj),,$(LIBBOARD))

#########################################################################
#########################################################################

ifneq ($(CONFIG_BOARD_SIZE_LIMIT),)
BOARD_SIZE_CHECK = \
	@actual=`wc -c [email protected] | awk '{print $$1}'`; \
	limit=$(CONFIG_BOARD_SIZE_LIMIT); \
	if test $$actual -gt $$limit; then \
		echo "[email protected] exceeds file size limit:"; \
		echo "  limit:  $$limit bytes"; \
		echo "  actual: $$actual bytes"; \
		echo "  excess: $$((actual - limit)) bytes"; \
		exit 1; \
	fi
else
BOARD_SIZE_CHECK =
endif
        

        這裡也給出頂層目錄下的config.mk檔案的註釋:

#
# (C) Copyright 2000-2006
# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, [email protected]
#
# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
# project.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
# MA 02111-1307 USA
#

#########################################################################

ifeq ($(CURDIR),$(SRCTREE))
dir :=
else
dir := $(subst $(SRCTREE)/,,$(CURDIR))
endif
###########################################################################
#在頂層makefile中已經分析了CURDIR和SRCTREE都是當前目錄，所以這裡dir暫時為空
###########################################################################
ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
# Create object files for SPL in a separate directory
ifeq ($(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD),y)
obj := $(if $(dir),$(SPLTREE)/$(dir)/,$(SPLTREE)/)
else
obj := $(if $(dir),$(OBJTREE)/$(dir)/,$(OBJTREE)/)
endif
src := $(if $(dir),$(SRCTREE)/$(dir)/,$(SRCTREE)/)

$(shell mkdir -p $(obj))
else
# Create object files for SPL in a separate directory
ifeq ($(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD),y)
obj := $(if $(dir),$(SPLTREE)/$(dir)/,$(SPLTREE)/)

$(shell mkdir -p $(obj))
else
obj :=
endif
src :=
endif
########################################################################################
#首先OBJTREE和SRCTREE都是當前目錄，所以執行else
#查詢CONFIG_SPL_BUILD是否定義為y，在autoconf.mk中,並沒有這個定義,所以obj和src暫時也為空
########################################################################################

# clean the slate ...
PLATFORM_RELFLAGS =
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS =
PLATFORM_LDFLAGS =

#########################################################################

HOSTCFLAGS	= -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer \
		  $(HOSTCPPFLAGS)
HOSTSTRIP	= strip

#
# Mac OS X / Darwin's C preprocessor is Apple specific.  It
# generates numerous errors and warnings.  We want to bypass it
# and use GNU C's cpp.	To do this we pass the -traditional-cpp
# option to the compiler.  Note that the -traditional-cpp flag
# DOES NOT have the same semantics as GNU C's flag, all it does
# is invoke the GNU preprocessor in stock ANSI/ISO C fashion.
#
# Apple's linker is similar, thanks to the new 2 stage linking
# multiple symbol definitions are treated as errors, hence the
# -multiply_defined suppress option to turn off this error.
#

ifeq ($(HOSTOS),darwin)
# get major and minor product version (e.g. '10' and '6' for Snow Leopard)
DARWIN_MAJOR_VERSION	= $(shell sw_vers -productVersion | cut -f 1 -d '.')
DARWIN_MINOR_VERSION	= $(shell sw_vers -productVersion | cut -f 2 -d '.')

os_x_before	= $(shell if [ $(DARWIN_MAJOR_VERSION) -le $(1) -a \
	$(DARWIN_MINOR_VERSION) -le $(2) ] ; then echo "$(3)"; else echo "$(4)"; fi ;)

# Snow Leopards build environment has no longer restrictions as described above
HOSTCC		 = $(call os_x_before, 10, 5, "cc", "gcc")
HOSTCFLAGS	+= $(call os_x_before, 10, 4, "-traditional-cpp")
HOSTLDFLAGS	+= $(call os_x_before, 10, 5, "-multiply_defined suppress")
else
HOSTCC		= gcc
endif

ifeq ($(HOSTOS),cygwin)
HOSTCFLAGS	+= -ansi
endif

# We build some files with extra pedantic flags to try to minimize things
# that won't build on some weird host compiler -- though there are lots of
# exceptions for files that aren't complaint.

HOSTCFLAGS_NOPED = $(filter-out -pedantic,$(HOSTCFLAGS))
HOSTCFLAGS	+= -pedantic
############################################################
#HOSTCFLAGS_NOPED是利用filter-out函式從HOSTCFLAGS中過濾掉-pedantic選項
#而HOSTCFLAGS追加上-pedantic選項
############################################################

#########################################################################
#
# Option checker, gcc version (courtesy linux kernel) to ensure
# only supported compiler options are used
#
CC_OPTIONS_CACHE_FILE := $(OBJTREE)/include/generated/cc_options.mk
CC_TEST_OFILE := $(OBJTREE)/include/generated/cc_test_file.o

-include $(CC_OPTIONS_CACHE_FILE)
#############################################################################
#定義編譯選項
#在cc_options.mk中有如下選項:
#	CC_OPTIONS += -marm
#	CC_OPTIONS += -mno-thumb-interwork
#	CC_OPTIONS += -mapcs-32
#	CC_OPTIONS += -malignment-traps
#	CC_OPTIONS += -Wno-format-nonliteral
#	CC_OPTIONS += -Wno-format-security
#	CC_OPTIONS += -mabi=apcs-gnu
#	CC_OPTIONS += -mabi=aapcs-linux
#############################################################################

cc-option-sys = $(shell mkdir -p $(dir $(CC_TEST_OFILE)); \
		if $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(1) -S -xc /dev/null -o $(CC_TEST_OFILE) \
		> /dev/null 2>&1; then \
		echo 'CC_OPTIONS += $(strip $1)' >> $(CC_OPTIONS_CACHE_FILE); \
		echo "$(1)"; fi)

ifeq ($(CONFIG_CC_OPT_CACHE_DISABLE),y)
cc-option = $(strip $(if $(call cc-option-sys,$1),$1,$2))
else
cc-option = $(strip $(if $(findstring $1,$(CC_OPTIONS)),$1,\
		$(if $(call cc-option-sys,$1),$1,$2)))
endif
###########################################################################################
#定義兩個函式，cc-option-sys被cc-option呼叫
#cc-option被後面的函式呼叫
############################################################################################

# cc-version
# Usage gcc-ver := $(call cc-version)
cc-version = $(shell $(SHELL) $(SRCTREE)/tools/gcc-version.sh $(CC))
##########################################################################################
#使用tools/gcc-version.sh指令碼來獲取編譯器的版本
#在頂層makefile中，有呼叫cc-version函式
##########################################################################################
#
# Include the make variables (CC, etc...)
#
AS	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
LD	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
CC	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CPP	= $(CC) -E
AR	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
NM	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
LDR	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)ldr
STRIP	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
RANLIB	= $(CROSS_COMPILE)RANLIB
DTC	= dtc
#########################################################################
#定義彙編器，聯結器，編譯器，打包工具，反彙編工具，值的注意的RANLIB的作用是在靜態庫有新增新的.o後，負責更新索引.
#########################################################################

# Load generated board configuration
sinclude $(OBJTREE)/include/autoconf.mk
sinclude $(OBJTREE)/include/config.mk
################################################################################################
#包上配置編譯時產生的autoconf.mk和config.mk檔案
################################################################################################

# Some architecture config.mk files need to know what CPUDIR is set to,
# so calculate CPUDIR before including ARCH/SOC/CPU config.mk files.
# Check if arch/$ARCH/cpu/$CPU exists, otherwise assume arch/$ARCH/cpu contains
# CPU-specific code.
CPUDIR=arch/$(ARCH)/cpu/$(CPU)
ifneq ($(SRCTREE)/$(CPUDIR),$(wildcard $(SRCTREE)/$(CPUDIR)))
CPUDIR=arch/$(ARCH)/cpu
endif
#################################################################################################
#定義CPUDIR為arch/arm/cpu/arm920t
#################################################################################################

sinclude $(TOPDIR)/arch/$(ARCH)/config.mk	# include architecture dependend rules
sinclude $(TOPDIR)/$(CPUDIR)/config.mk		# include  CPU	specific rules
##################################################################################################
#包上arch/arm/config.mk和/arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/config.mk檔案
##################################################################################################

ifdef	SOC
sinclude $(TOPDIR)/$(CPUDIR)/$(SOC)/config.mk	# include  SoC	specific rules
endif
######################################################################
#包上arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/config.mk檔案
#####################################################################
ifdef	VENDOR
BOARDDIR = $(VENDOR)/$(BOARD)
else
BOARDDIR = $(BOARD)
endif
ifdef	BOARD
sinclude $(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/config.mk	# include board specific rules
endif
######################################################################################
#包上board/samsung/smdk2410/config.mk檔案
######################################################################################

#########################################################################

# We don't actually use $(ARFLAGS) anywhere anymore, so catch people
# who are porting old code to latest mainline but not updating $(AR).
ARFLAGS = $(error update your Makefile to use cmd_link_o_target and not AR)
RELFLAGS= $(PLATFORM_RELFLAGS)
DBGFLAGS= -g # -DDEBUG
OPTFLAGS= -Os #-fomit-frame-pointer

OBJCFLAGS += --gap-fill=0xff

gccincdir := $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)

CPPFLAGS := $(DBGFLAGS) $(OPTFLAGS) $(RELFLAGS)		\
	-D__KERNEL__

# Enable garbage collection of un-used sections for SPL
ifeq ($(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD),y)
CPPFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS_FINAL += --gc-sections
endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE),)
CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE=$(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE)
endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE),)
CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE=$(CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE)
endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO),)
CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO=$(CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO)
endif

ifeq ($(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD),y)
CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD
endif

ifneq ($(RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS),)
CPPFLAGS += -DRESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS=$(RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS)
endif

ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
CPPFLAGS += -I$(OBJTREE)/include2 -I$(OBJTREE)/include
endif

CPPFLAGS += -I$(TOPDIR)/include
CPPFLAGS += -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -nostdinc	\
	-isystem $(gccincdir) -pipe $(PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS)

ifdef BUILD_TAG
CFLAGS := $(CPPFLAGS) -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes \
	-DBUILD_TAG='"$(BUILD_TAG)"'
else
CFLAGS := $(CPPFLAGS) -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
endif

CFLAGS_SSP := $(call cc-option,-fno-stack-protector)
CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_SSP)
# Some toolchains enable security related warning flags by default,
# but they don't make much sense in the u-boot world, so disable them.
CFLAGS_WARN := $(call cc-option,-Wno-format-nonliteral) \
	       $(call cc-option,-Wno-format-security)
CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_WARN)

# Report stack usage if supported
CFLAGS_STACK := $(call cc-option,-fstack-usage)
CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_STACK)

# $(CPPFLAGS) sets -g, which causes gcc to pass a suitable -g<format>
# option to the assembler.
AFLAGS_DEBUG :=

# turn jbsr into jsr for m68k
ifeq ($(ARCH),m68k)
ifeq ($(findstring 3.4,$(shell $(CC) --version)),3.4)
AFLAGS_DEBUG := -Wa,-gstabs,-S
endif
endif

AFLAGS := $(AFLAGS_DEBUG) -D__ASSEMBLY__ $(CPPFLAGS)

LDFLAGS += $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)
LDFLAGS_FINAL += -Bstatic

LDFLAGS_u-boot += -T $(obj)u-boot.lds $(LDFLAGS_FINAL)
ifneq ($(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE),)
LDFLAGS_u-boot += -Ttext $(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE)
endif

LDFLAGS_u-boot-spl += -T $(obj)u-boot-spl.lds $(LDFLAGS_FINAL)
ifneq ($(CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE),)
LDFLAGS_u-boot-spl += -Ttext $(CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE)
endif

# Location of a usable BFD library, where we define "usable" as
# "built for ${HOST}, supports ${TARGET}".  Sensible values are
# - When cross-compiling: the root of the cross-environment
# - Linux/ppc (native): /usr
# - NetBSD/ppc (native): you lose ... (must extract these from the
#   binutils build directory, plus the native and U-Boot include
#   files don't like each other)
#
# So far, this is used only by tools/gdb/Makefile.

ifeq ($(HOSTOS),darwin)
BFD_ROOT_DIR =		/usr/local/tools
else
ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
# native
BFD_ROOT_DIR =		/usr
else
#BFD_ROOT_DIR =		/LinuxPPC/CDK		# Linux/i386
#BFD_ROOT_DIR =		/usr/pkg/cross		# NetBSD/i386
BFD_ROOT_DIR =		/opt/powerpc
endif
endif

#########################################################################

export	HOSTCC HOSTCFLAGS HOSTLDFLAGS PEDCFLAGS HOSTSTRIP CROSS_COMPILE \
	AS LD CC CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP MAKE
export	CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS PLATFORM_RELFLAGS CPPFLAGS CFLAGS AFLAGS

#########################################################################

# Allow boards to use custom optimize flags on a per dir/file basis
BCURDIR = $(subst $(SRCTREE)/,,$(CURDIR:$(obj)%=%))
ALL_AFLAGS = $(AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_$(BCURDIR)/$(@F)) $(AFLAGS_$(BCURDIR))
ALL_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS_$(BCURDIR)/$(@F)) $(CFLAGS_$(BCURDIR))
EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS_$(BCURDIR)/$(@F)) $(CPPFLAGS_$(BCURDIR))
ALL_CFLAGS += $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS)

# The _DEP version uses the $< file target (for dependency generation)
# See rules.mk
EXTRA_CPPFLAGS_DEP = $(CPPFLAGS_$(BCURDIR)/$(addsuffix .o,$(basename $<))) \
		$(CPPFLAGS_$(BCURDIR))
$(obj)%.s:	%.S
	$(CPP) $(ALL_AFLAGS) -o [email protected] $<
$(obj)%.o:	%.S
	$(CC)  $(ALL_AFLAGS) -o [email protected] $< -c
$(obj)%.o:	%.c
	$(CC)  $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o [email protected] $< -c
$(obj)%.i:	%.c
	$(CPP) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o [email protected] $< -c
$(obj)%.s:	%.c
	$(CC)  $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o [email protected] $< -c -S

#########################################################################

# If the list of objects to link is empty, just create an empty built-in.o
cmd_link_o_target = $(if $(strip $1),\
		      $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -r -o [email protected] $1,\
		      rm -f [email protected]; $(AR) rcs [email protected] )

#########################################################################

        主要是一些變數和函式的定義,編譯連結的引數設定以及依賴規則.

        最後分析下make:

$(obj)include/autoconf.mk.dep: $(obj)include/config.h include/common.h
	@$(XECHO) Generating [email protected] ; \
	set -e ; \
	: Generate the dependancies ; \
	$(CC) -x c -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -M $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) \
		-MQ $(obj)include/autoconf.mk include/common.h > [email protected]

$(obj)include/autoconf.mk: $(obj)include/config.h
	@$(XECHO) Generating [email protected] ; \
	set -e ; \
	: Extract the config macros ; \
	$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -dM include/common.h | \
		sed -n -f tools/scripts/define2mk.sed > [email protected] && \
	mv [email protected] [email protected]
        第一個是生成include/autoconf.mk的依賴檔案

        第二個是根據include/config.h的檔案內容,利用tools/scripts/define2mk.sed指令碼將所有的CONFIG提取到autoconf.mk檔案中

        終極目標是:ALL-y += $(obj)u-boot.srec $(obj)u-boot.bin $(obj)System.map

        u-boot.srec也是根據u-boot用objcopy工具搞出來的,不知的什麼作用

        u-boot.bin也是根據u-boot用objcopy工具搞出來的,最終燒寫的二進位制bin檔

        System.map是符號列表

$(obj)u-boot.bin:	$(obj)u-boot
		$(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O binary $< [email protected]
		$(BOARD_SIZE_CHECK)
###################################################################################
#要得到最後的u-boot.bin，必須得到u-boot.u-boot.bin是最後要燒寫到板子上的二進位制bin檔
#利用objcopy來得到這個二進位制檔案([email protected]是規則的目標檔名，$<是規則的第一個依賴檔名)
#呼叫BOARD_SIZE_CHECK
###################################################################################

u-boot的依賴分析:
$(obj)u-boot:depend \
$(SUBDIR_TOOLS) $(OBJS) $(LIBBOARD) $(LIBS) $(LDSCRIPT) $(obj)u-boot.lds
$(GEN_UBOOT)


u-boot 依賴depend $(SUBDIR_TOOLS) $(OBJS) $(LIBBOARD) $(LIBS) $(LDSCRIPT) $(obj)u-boot.lds
然後用$(GEN_UBOOT)生成最後的u-boot,GEN_UBOOT就是用ld連結的過程


a.看一下depend:
depend dep:$(TIMESTAMP_FILE) $(VERSION_FILE) \
$(obj)include/autoconf.mk \
$(obj)include/generated/generic-asm-offsets.h \
$(obj)include/generated/asm-offsets.h
for dir in $(SUBDIRS) $(CPUDIR) $(LDSCRIPT_MAKEFILE_DIR) ; do \
$(MAKE) -C $$dir _depend ; done
對$(SUBDIRS) $(CPUDIR) $(LDSCRIPT_MAKEFILE_DIR)目錄生成depend依賴檔案;
而_depend是在rules.mk中定義的，利用CC的-M選項生成依賴檔案.

b.看一下$(SUBDIR_TOOLS):
         tools目錄

c.看一下$(OBJS):
$(OBJS):depend
$(MAKE) -C $(CPUDIR) $(if $(REMOTE_BUILD),[email protected],$(notdir [email protected]))
看下$(if $(REMOTE_BUILD),[email protected],$(notdir [email protected]))
因為$(REMOTE_BUILD)為空,所以返回的是$(notdir [email protected])的值;
因為[email protected]指的是規則的目標，所以就是$(OBJS),而$(OBJS)就是arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.o
notdir內嵌函式返回的檔名;所以返回start.o
執行makc -C arch/arm/cpu/arm920t start.o

d.$(LIBBOARD)
$(LIBBOARD):depend $(LIBS)
$(MAKE) -C $(dir $(subst $(obj),,[email protected]))
執行make -C board/samsung/smdk2410

e.$(LIBS)
$(LIBS):depend $(SUBDIR_TOOLS)
$(MAKE) -C $(dir $(subst $(obj),,[email protected]))
進入到LIBS包含的很多目錄，執行make,生成很多.a檔案.

f.$(LDSCRIPT)
$(LDSCRIPT):depend
$(MAKE) -C $(dir [email protected]) $(notdir [email protected])
在前面找連結指令碼時已然知曉LDSCRIPT就是arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds
執行make -C arch/arm/cpu u-boot.lds  這個目錄沒有makefile，這什麼意思？！！！

g.$(obj)u-boot.lds
$(obj)u-boot.lds: $(LDSCRIPT)
$(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDPPFLAGS) -ansi -D__ASSEMBLY__ -P - <$^ >[email protected]

       這些就是編譯uboot的規則,分析的比較粗糙,在移植的過程中肯定還會遇到各式各樣的問題,在移植過程中再進一步深入並修正.

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