1. 程式人生 > >CRC校驗,以及使用例項

CRC校驗,以及使用例項

一,介紹

CRC即迴圈冗餘校驗碼(Cyclic Redundancy Check):是資料通訊領域中最常用的一種查錯校驗碼,其特徵是資訊欄位和校驗欄位的長度可以任意選定。迴圈冗餘檢查(CRC)是一種資料傳輸檢錯功能,對資料進行多項式計算,並將得到的結果附在幀的後面,接收裝置也執行類似的演算法,以保證資料傳輸的正確性和完整性。

二,工作原理

迴圈冗餘校驗碼(CRC)的基本原理是:在K位資訊碼後再拼接R位的校驗碼,整個編碼長度為N位,因此,這種編碼也叫(N,K)碼。對於一個給定的(N,K)碼,可以證明存在一個最高次冪為N-K=R的多項式G(x)。根據G(x)可以生成K位資訊的校驗碼,而G(x)叫做這個CRC碼的生成多項式。 校驗碼的具體生成過程為:假設要傳送的資訊用多項式C(X)表示,將C(x)左移R位(可表示成C(x)*2R
),這樣C(x)的右邊就會空出R位,這就是校驗碼的位置。用 C(x)*2R 除以生成多項式G(x)得到的餘數就是校驗碼。 任意一個由二進位制位串組成的程式碼都可以和一個係數僅為‘0’和‘1’取值的多項式一一對應。例如:程式碼1010111對應的多項式為x6+x4+x2+x+1,而多項式為x5+x3+x2+x+1對應的程式碼101111。

三,使用例項

以CRC16-CCITT為例進行說明,CRC校驗碼為16位,CRC CCITT—1,“-1”的意思是CRC的初值為0Xffff。

使用查表的方法實現如下:

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<error.h>
#include<stdint.h>
#include<string.h>

static uint16_t CrcTable[256] =
{
   0x0000, 0xc0c1, 0xc181, 0x0140, 0xc301, 0x03c0, 0x0280, 0xc241,
   0xc601, 0x06c0, 0x0780, 0xc741, 0x0500, 0xc5c1, 0xc481, 0x0440,
   0xcc01, 0x0cc0, 0x0d80, 0xcd41, 0x0f00, 0xcfc1, 0xce81, 0x0e40,
   0x0a00, 0xcac1, 0xcb81, 0x0b40, 0xc901, 0x09c0, 0x0880, 0xc841,
   0xd801, 0x18c0, 0x1980, 0xd941, 0x1b00, 0xdbc1, 0xda81, 0x1a40,
   0x1e00, 0xdec1, 0xdf81, 0x1f40, 0xdd01, 0x1dc0, 0x1c80, 0xdc41,
   0x1400, 0xd4c1, 0xd581, 0x1540, 0xd701, 0x17c0, 0x1680, 0xd641,
   0xd201, 0x12c0, 0x1380, 0xd341, 0x1100, 0xd1c1, 0xd081, 0x1040,
   0xf001, 0x30c0, 0x3180, 0xf141, 0x3300, 0xf3c1, 0xf281, 0x3240,
   0x3600, 0xf6c1, 0xf781, 0x3740, 0xf501, 0x35c0, 0x3480, 0xf441,
   0x3c00, 0xfcc1, 0xfd81, 0x3d40, 0xff01, 0x3fc0, 0x3e80, 0xfe41,
   0xfa01, 0x3ac0, 0x3b80, 0xfb41, 0x3900, 0xf9c1, 0xf881, 0x3840,
   0x2800, 0xe8c1, 0xe981, 0x2940, 0xeb01, 0x2bc0, 0x2a80, 0xea41,
   0xee01, 0x2ec0, 0x2f80, 0xef41, 0x2d00, 0xedc1, 0xec81, 0x2c40,
   0xe401, 0x24c0, 0x2580, 0xe541, 0x2700, 0xe7c1, 0xe681, 0x2640,
   0x2200, 0xe2c1, 0xe381, 0x2340, 0xe101, 0x21c0, 0x2080, 0xe041,
   0xa001, 0x60c0, 0x6180, 0xa141, 0x6300, 0xa3c1, 0xa281, 0x6240,
   0x6600, 0xa6c1, 0xa781, 0x6740, 0xa501, 0x65c0, 0x6480, 0xa441,
   0x6c00, 0xacc1, 0xad81, 0x6d40, 0xaf01, 0x6fc0, 0x6e80, 0xae41,
   0xaa01, 0x6ac0, 0x6b80, 0xab41, 0x6900, 0xa9c1, 0xa881, 0x6840,
   0x7800, 0xb8c1, 0xb981, 0x7940, 0xbb01, 0x7bc0, 0x7a80, 0xba41,
   0xbe01, 0x7ec0, 0x7f80, 0xbf41, 0x7d00, 0xbdc1, 0xbc81, 0x7c40,
   0xb401, 0x74c0, 0x7580, 0xb541, 0x7700, 0xb7c1, 0xb681, 0x7640,
   0x7200, 0xb2c1, 0xb381, 0x7340, 0xb101, 0x71c0, 0x7080, 0xb041,
   0x5000, 0x90c1, 0x9181, 0x5140, 0x9301, 0x53c0, 0x5280, 0x9241,
   0x9601, 0x56c0, 0x5780, 0x9741, 0x5500, 0x95c1, 0x9481, 0x5440,
   0x9c01, 0x5cc0, 0x5d80, 0x9d41, 0x5f00, 0x9fc1, 0x9e81, 0x5e40,
   0x5a00, 0x9ac1, 0x9b81, 0x5b40, 0x9901, 0x59c0, 0x5880, 0x9841,
   0x8801, 0x48c0, 0x4980, 0x8941, 0x4b00, 0x8bc1, 0x8a81, 0x4a40,
   0x4e00, 0x8ec1, 0x8f81, 0x4f40, 0x8d01, 0x4dc0, 0x4c80, 0x8c41,
   0x4400, 0x84c1, 0x8581, 0x4540, 0x8701, 0x47c0, 0x4680, 0x8641,
   0x8201, 0x42c0, 0x4380, 0x8341, 0x4100, 0x81c1, 0x8081, 0x4040,
};

uint16_t Crc16Byte(uint16_t crc, const uint8_t c)
{
	uint8_t lut = (crc ^ c) & 0xFF;
	return (crc >> 8) ^ CrcTable[lut];
}

uint16_t Crc16(uint16_t crc, uint8_t const *buffer, uint16_t len)
{
	while(len--){
		crc = Crc16Byte(crc,*buffer++);
	}
	return crc;
}

void check_crc();
uint8_t data[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i = 0;
	uint16_t crc = 0xFFFF;

	crc = Crc16(crc, data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(uint8_t));
	printf("crc = %d \n",crc);
	//*(data+7) = crc%256;
	//*(data+8) = crc/256;
	memcpy(data+7,&crc,sizeof(uint16_t));
	
	for(i=0; i<sizeof(data) + 2; i++)
		printf("data[%d] = %d \n",i,data[i]);

	check_crc(data);

	return 0;
}

void check_crc(uint8_t *data)
{
	uint8_t data_old[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6};
	int j = 0,len = 0;
	uint16_t crc_parse;
	uint16_t crc_new = 0xFFFF;
	for(j=0; j<7; j++)
		printf("data_old[%d] = %d \n",j,data_old[j]);

	crc_new = Crc16(crc_new, data_old, sizeof(data_old));
	printf("crc_new = %d \n",crc_new);
	
	len = 9; //sizeof(data)
	//crc_parse = (uint16_t)data[len-2] << 8 | data[len-1];
	crc_parse = data[len-2] | (uint16_t)data[len-1] << 8;
	printf("\n\n %d %d %d \n\n",len,data[len-2],data[len-1]);

	//crc_parse = data[len-2] + data[len-1] * 256;

	printf("crc_parse = %d \n",crc_parse);

	if(crc_parse == crc_new)
		printf("crc check success\n");
}

執行:
gcc test.c -o test

./test

執行結果:

crc = 50849
data[0] = 0
data[1] = 1
data[2] = 2
data[3] = 3
data[4] = 4
data[5] = 5
data[6] = 6
data[7] = 161
data[8] = 198
data_old[0] = 0
data_old[1] = 1
data_old[2] = 2
data_old[3] = 3
data_old[4] = 4
data_old[5] = 5
data_old[6] = 6
crc_new = 50849


 9 161 198

crc_parse = 50849
crc chrck success