解決RedHat中yum命令未註冊問題
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-02
RHEL6解決無法使用YUM源問題
RHEL的YUM源需要註冊使用者才能更新使用，由於CentOS和RHEL基本沒有區別，並且CentOS已經被REHL收購。所以將RHEL的YUM源替換為CentOS即可。
問題如下：
[[email protected] ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repolist: 0
或者# yum install ntp
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Nothing to do
解決方法：
1.清除原有RHEL的YUM及相關軟體包。
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
rpm -qa |grep python-urlgrabber|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
2.下載centos6的相關軟體包。
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
*註釋:這些軟體包的具體的版本，請到http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ 目錄下，選擇下載上述軟體包。網上很多文章沒法直接使用就是因為軟體包的版本問題。
3.安裝軟體包。
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
*註釋yum-plugin-fastestmirror和yum-3.2.29要一起安裝。
如果按照遇到問題：發現錯誤，python-urlgrabber版本必須大於等於3.9.1-10
# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
python-urlgrabber >= 3.9.1-10 is needed by yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch
檢視系統的python資訊
# rpm -qa|grep python
發現python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch 版本低於3.9.1-10
安裝yum
# rpm -ivh yum-*
更改yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
下載配置檔案
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
將此配置檔案替換/etc/yum.repos.d同名檔案
sed -i "s;\$releasever;6;g" CentOS6-Base-163.repo
mv rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak
或者編輯配置檔案
#vim CentOS-Base.repo
把$releasever替換成現有系統的版本號(6)
vim替換命令
：%s/$releasever/6/g
退出儲存
清理yum快取
#yum clean all
將伺服器軟體包資訊快取至本地，提高搜尋安裝效率
#yum makecache
測試
#yum search vim
執行yum repolist檢視，如果顯示出repo倉庫列表，並顯示軟體包數量則OK。（或者使用yum makecache）
6.使用yum安裝軟體包測試。
yum -y install lrzsz
至此，如果不出現意外，lrzsz軟體包安裝成功。yum也就可以正常使用了。
一.安裝NTP軟體包：
yum -y install ntp /*yum安裝NTP服務*/
chkconfig --add ntpd /*新增NTP*/
chkconfig ntpd on /*開機自啟動NTP*/
二.修改NTP配置檔案：
vi /etc/ntp.conf
***************************************************************
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
restrict default ignore 設定預設策略為拒絕所有訪問方式的請求
# Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
# permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
# Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could
# be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
# the administrative functions.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict -6 ::1
# Hosts on local network are less restricted.
restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap 允許區域網內機器同步時間
# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
server 0.CentOS.pool.ntp.org
server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org 設定同步伺服器
server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org
#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server
#broadcastclient # broadcast client
#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server
#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client
#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server
#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client
restrict 0.centos.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery
restrict 1.centos.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery 允許與上層伺服器同步時間
restrict 2.centos.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery
# Undisciplined Local Clock. This is a fake driver intended for backup
# and when no outside source of synchronized time is available.
server 127.127.1.0 # local clock
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10 外界同步源無法聯絡時，使用本地時間為同步服務
# Enable public key cryptography.
#crypto
includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
# with symmetric key cryptography.
keys /etc/ntp/keys
# Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
#trustedkey 4 8 42
# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
#requestkey 8
# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
#controlkey 8
# Enable writing of statistics records.
#statistics clockstats cryptostats loops
***************************************************************
時間同步
命令：
# ntpdate ip (同步時間伺服器ip)
#hwclock -w //將時間寫入硬體
例子
ntpdate 210.167.182.10
同步時間伺服器：
server
ntp-sop.inria.frserver 210.72.145.44(中國國家授時中心伺服器IP地址)
server ntp.sjtu.edu.cn(上海交通大學網路中心NTP伺服器地址)
執行：
# ntpdate 210.167.182.10 (同步時間伺服器ip)
#hwclock -w //將時間寫入硬體
RHEL的YUM源需要註冊使用者才能更新使用，由於CentOS和RHEL基本沒有區別，並且CentOS已經被REHL收購。所以將RHEL的YUM源替換為CentOS即可。
問題如下：
[[email protected] ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repolist: 0
或者# yum install ntp
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Nothing to do
解決方法：
1.清除原有RHEL的YUM及相關軟體包。
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
rpm -qa |grep python-urlgrabber|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
2.下載centos6的相關軟體包。
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
*註釋:這些軟體包的具體的版本，請到http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ 目錄下，選擇下載上述軟體包。網上很多文章沒法直接使用就是因為軟體包的版本問題。
3.安裝軟體包。
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
*註釋yum-plugin-fastestmirror和yum-3.2.29要一起安裝。
如果按照遇到問題：發現錯誤，python-urlgrabber版本必須大於等於3.9.1-10
# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
python-urlgrabber >= 3.9.1-10 is needed by yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch
檢視系統的python資訊
# rpm -qa|grep python
發現python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch 版本低於3.9.1-10
解除安裝：python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch
rpm -e python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch
如果解除安裝不了的話，可以試試升級python版本
rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
安裝：rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm安裝yum
# rpm -ivh yum-*
更改yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
下載配置檔案
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
將此配置檔案替換/etc/yum.repos.d同名檔案
sed -i "s;\$releasever;6;g" CentOS6-Base-163.repo
mv rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak
或者編輯配置檔案
#vim CentOS-Base.repo
把$releasever替換成現有系統的版本號(6)
vim替換命令
：%s/$releasever/6/g
退出儲存
清理yum快取
#yum clean all
將伺服器軟體包資訊快取至本地，提高搜尋安裝效率
#yum makecache
測試
#yum search vim
執行yum repolist檢視，如果顯示出repo倉庫列表，並顯示軟體包數量則OK。（或者使用yum makecache）
6.使用yum安裝軟體包測試。
yum -y install lrzsz
至此，如果不出現意外，lrzsz軟體包安裝成功。yum也就可以正常使用了。
一.安裝NTP軟體包：
yum -y install ntp /*yum安裝NTP服務*/
chkconfig --add ntpd /*新增NTP*/
chkconfig ntpd on /*開機自啟動NTP*/
二.修改NTP配置檔案：
vi /etc/ntp.conf
***************************************************************
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
restrict default ignore 設定預設策略為拒絕所有訪問方式的請求
# Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
# permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
# Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could
# be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
# the administrative functions.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict -6 ::1
# Hosts on local network are less restricted.
restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap 允許區域網內機器同步時間
# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
server 0.CentOS.pool.ntp.org
server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org 設定同步伺服器
server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org
#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server
#broadcastclient # broadcast client
#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server
#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client
#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server
#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client
restrict 0.centos.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery
restrict 1.centos.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery 允許與上層伺服器同步時間
restrict 2.centos.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery
# Undisciplined Local Clock. This is a fake driver intended for backup
# and when no outside source of synchronized time is available.
server 127.127.1.0 # local clock
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10 外界同步源無法聯絡時，使用本地時間為同步服務
# Enable public key cryptography.
#crypto
includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
# with symmetric key cryptography.
keys /etc/ntp/keys
# Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
#trustedkey 4 8 42
# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
#requestkey 8
# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
#controlkey 8
# Enable writing of statistics records.
#statistics clockstats cryptostats loops
***************************************************************
時間同步
命令：
# ntpdate ip (同步時間伺服器ip)
#hwclock -w //將時間寫入硬體
例子
ntpdate 210.167.182.10
同步時間伺服器：
server
ntp-sop.inria.frserver 210.72.145.44(中國國家授時中心伺服器IP地址)
server ntp.sjtu.edu.cn(上海交通大學網路中心NTP伺服器地址)
執行：
# ntpdate 210.167.182.10 (同步時間伺服器ip)
#hwclock -w //將時間寫入硬體