Android移動開發-藍芽（BlueTooth）裝置檢測連線的實現
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-02
無論是WIFI還是4G網路，建立網路連線後都是訪問網際網路資源，並不能直接訪問區域網資源。比如兩個人在一起，A要把手機上的視訊傳給B，通常情況是開啟手機QQ，通過QQ傳送檔案給對方。不過上傳視訊很耗流量，如果現場沒有可用的WIFI，手機的資料流量又不足，那又該怎麼辦呢？為了解決這種鄰近傳輸檔案的問題，藍芽技術應運而生。藍芽技術是一種無線技術標準，可實現裝置之間的短距離資料交換。
Android為藍芽技術提供了4個工具類，分別是藍芽介面卡BluetoothAdapter、藍芽裝置BluetoothDevice、藍芽服務端套接字BluetoothServerSocket和藍芽客戶端套接字BluetoothSocket。
- 藍芽介面卡BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothAdapter的作用其實跟其它的**Manger差不多，可以把它當作藍芽管理器。下面是BluetoothAdapter的常用方法說明。
getDefaultAdapter：靜態方法，獲取預設的藍芽介面卡物件；
enable：開啟藍芽功能；
disable：關閉藍芽功能；
isEnable：判斷藍芽功能是否開啟；
startDiscovery：開始搜尋周圍的藍芽裝置；
cancelDiscovery：取消搜尋操作；
isDiscovering：判斷當前是否正在搜尋裝置；
getBondedDevices：獲取已繫結的裝置列表；
setName：設定本機的藍芽名稱；
getName：獲取本機的藍芽名稱；
getAddress：獲取本機的藍芽地址；
getRemoteDevice：根據藍芽地址獲取遠端的藍芽裝置；
getState：獲取本地藍芽介面卡的狀態；
listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord：根據名稱和UUID建立並返回BluetoothServiceSocket；
listenUsingRfcommOn：根據渠道編號建立並返回BluetoothServiceSocket。
- 藍芽裝置BluetoothDevice
BluetoothDevice用於指代某個藍芽裝置，通常表示對方裝置。BluetoothAdapter管理的是本機藍芽裝置。下面是BluetoothDevice的常用方法說明。
getName：獲得該裝置的名稱；
getAddress：獲得該裝置的地址；
getBondState：獲得該裝置的繫結狀態；
createBond：建立匹配物件；
createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord：根據UUID建立並返回一個BluetoothSocket。
- 藍芽伺服器套接字BluetoothServiceSocket
BluetoothServiceSocket是服務端的Socket，用來接收客戶端的Socket連線請求。下面是常用的方法說明。
accept：監聽外部的藍芽連線請求；
close：關閉服務端的藍芽監聽。
- 藍芽客戶端套接字BluetoothSocket
BluetoothSocket是客戶端的Socket，用於與對方裝置進行資料通訊。下面是常用的方法說明。
connect：建立藍芽的socket連線；
close：關閉藍芽的socket連線；
getInputStream：獲取socket連線的輸入流物件；
getOutputStream：獲取socket連線的輸出流物件；
getRemoteDevice：獲取遠端裝置資訊。
- layout\activity_bluetooth.xml介面佈局程式碼如下：介面佈局程式碼如下：
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="5dp">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:button="@null"
android:checked="false"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ck_status_selector"
android:text="藍芽"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_discovery"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="right|center"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="4"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="名稱"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="5"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="地址"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="狀態"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>- BluetoothActivity.java邏輯程式碼如下：
package com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.adapter.BlueListAdapter;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.bean.BlueDevice;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueAcceptTask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueConnectTask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueReceiveTask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.util.BluetoothUtil;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.widget.InputDialogFragment;
public class BluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements
OnClickListener, OnItemClickListener, OnCheckedChangeListener,
BlueConnectTask.BlueConnectListener, InputDialogFragment.InputCallbacks, BlueAcceptTask.BlueAcceptListener {
private static final String TAG = "BluetoothActivity";
private CheckBox ck_bluetooth;
private TextView tv_discovery;
private ListView lv_bluetooth;
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetooth;
private ArrayList<BlueDevice> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<BlueDevice>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_bluetooth);
bluetoothPermissions();
ck_bluetooth = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.ck_bluetooth);
tv_discovery = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_discovery);
lv_bluetooth = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth);
if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) {
ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
}
ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this);
mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (mBluetooth == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "本機未找到藍芽功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
}
// 定義獲取基於地理位置的動態許可權
private void bluetoothPermissions() {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{
android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1);
}
}
/**
* 重寫onRequestPermissionsResult方法
* 獲取動態許可權請求的結果,再開啟藍芽
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) {
ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
}
ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this);
mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (mBluetooth == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "本機未找到藍芽功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "使用者拒絕了許可權", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
if (buttonView.getId() == R.id.ck_bluetooth) {
if (isChecked == true) {
beginDiscovery();
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
// 下面這行程式碼為服務端需要，客戶端不需要
mHandler.postDelayed(mAccept, 1000);
} else {
cancelDiscovery();
BluetoothUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this, false);
mDeviceList.clear();
BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(this, mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
}
private Runnable mAccept = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mBluetooth.getState() == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON) {
BlueAcceptTask acceptTask = new BlueAcceptTask(true);
acceptTask.setBlueAcceptListener(BluetoothActivity.this);
acceptTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
} else {
mHandler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
}
}
};
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v.getId() == R.id.tv_discovery) {
beginDiscovery();
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);
if (requestCode == 1) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Toast.makeText(this, "允許本地藍芽被附近的其它藍芽裝置發現", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "不允許藍芽被附近的其它藍芽裝置發現", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
private Runnable mRefresh = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
beginDiscovery();
mHandler.postDelayed(this, 2000);
}
};
private void beginDiscovery() {
if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() != true) {
mDeviceList.clear();
BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this, mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
tv_discovery.setText("正在搜尋藍芽裝置");
mBluetooth.startDiscovery();
}
}
private void cancelDiscovery() {
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
tv_discovery.setText("取消搜尋藍芽裝置");
if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() == true) {
mBluetooth.cancelDiscovery();
}
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50);
blueReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
//需要過濾多個動作，則呼叫IntentFilter物件的addAction新增新動作
IntentFilter foundFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(blueReceiver, foundFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
cancelDiscovery();
unregisterReceiver(blueReceiver);
}
private BluetoothReceiver blueReceiver;
private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
Log.d(TAG, "onReceive action=" + action);
// 獲得已經搜尋到的藍芽裝置
if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
BlueDevice item = new BlueDevice(device.getName(), device.getAddress(), device.getBondState() - 10);
mDeviceList.add(item);
BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this, mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
lv_bluetooth.setOnItemClickListener(BluetoothActivity.this);
} else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) {
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
tv_discovery.setText("藍芽裝置搜尋完成");
} else if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING) {
tv_discovery.setText("正在配對" + device.getName());
} else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
tv_discovery.setText("完成配對" + device.getName());
mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50);
} else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
tv_discovery.setText("取消配對" + device.getName());
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
cancelDiscovery();
BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(position);
BluetoothDevice device = mBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(item.address);
try {
if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
Log.d(TAG, "開始配對");
Boolean result = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);
} else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED &&
item.state != BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED) {
tv_discovery.setText("開始連線");
BlueConnectTask connectTask = new BlueConnectTask(item.address);
connectTask.setBlueConnectListener(this);
connectTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, device);
} else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED &&
item.state == BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED) {
tv_discovery.setText("正在傳送訊息");
InputDialogFragment dialog = InputDialogFragment.newInstance(
"", 0, "請輸入要傳送的訊息");
String fragTag = getResources().getString(R.string.app_name);
dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), fragTag);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
tv_discovery.setText("配對異常：" + e.getMessage());
}
}
//向對方傳送訊息
@Override
public void onInput(String title, String message, int type) {
Log.d(TAG, "onInput message=" + message);
Log.d(TAG, "mBlueSocket is " + (mBlueSocket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
BluetoothUtil.writeOutputStream(mBlueSocket, message);
}
private BluetoothSocket mBlueSocket;
//客戶端主動連線
@Override
public void onBlueConnect(String address, BluetoothSocket socket) {
mBlueSocket = socket;
tv_discovery.setText("連線成功");
refreshAddress(address);
}
//重新整理已連線的狀態
private void refreshAddress(String address) {
for (int i = 0; i < mDeviceList.size(); i++) {
BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(i);
if (item.address.equals(address) == true) {
item.state = BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED;
mDeviceList.set(i, item);
}
}
BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(this, mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
}
//服務端偵聽到連線
@Override
public void onBlueAccept(BluetoothSocket socket) {
Log.d(TAG, "onBlueAccept socket is " + (socket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
if (socket != null) {
mBlueSocket = socket;
BluetoothDevice device = mBlueSocket.getRemoteDevice();
refreshAddress(device.getAddress());
BlueReceiveTask receive = new BlueReceiveTask(mBlueSocket, mHandler);
receive.start();
}
}
//收到對方發來的訊息
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.what == 0) {
byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1);
Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage readMessage=" + readMessage);
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(BluetoothActivity.this);
builder.setTitle("我收到訊息啦").setMessage(readMessage).setPositiveButton("確定", null);
builder.create().show();
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mBlueSocket != null) {
try {
mBlueSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}- 新增藍芽所需的相應許可權：
<!-- 藍芽 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<!--基於地理位置-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />Demo程式執行效果介面截圖如下：
