我用的是tomcat7.0.82.

tomcat報錯，無法啟動。

**報錯資訊：**Could not publish server configuration for Tomcat v7.0 server at localhost. 和 Server Tomcat v7.0 Server at localhost failed to start。

其他tomcat配置和專案部署等，都沒有錯，但是就是不能啟動。被折磨了很久，試了網上的各種方法都沒用。好不容易解決了，所以感覺必須要記錄下。

tomcat啟動時報錯，如下圖：

原因：不能釋出本地Tomcat v7.0 的服務配置，重複的Contexts含有了某個專案的路徑。

解決方法：
找到建立tomcat的時在工作空間Servers的專案，找到此專案下的server.xml檔案，

開啟並查詢Context節點，可以看到，此處確實有重複的配置，刪除多餘，僅保留一個即可。

至此，儲存。

按照以上方法操作後，還是報錯：

報錯資訊如下：

一月 05, 2018 9:21:47 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext resourcesStart

嚴重: Error starting static Resources java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Document base D:\SoftwareInstall\SoftwareDevelop\Tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0
 
.82\webapps\pratice does not exist or is not a readable directory
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.naming.resources.FileDirContext.setDocBase(FileDirContext.java:136)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java
 
:5239)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5430)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1700)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1690)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

一月 05, 2018 9:21:47 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal

嚴重: A child container failed during start java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/pratice]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1239)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1700)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1690)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/pratice]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    ... 6 more

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Error in resourceStart()
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5431)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 6 more

一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase createSecureRandom
警告: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [2,272] milliseconds.
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal

嚴重: A child container failed during start java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1239)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:444)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:758)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:694)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:428)

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1700)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1690)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1247)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 6 more

一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start

嚴重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start. org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:694)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:428)

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:758)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 7 more

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:444)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 9 more

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1247)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 11 more

一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
資訊: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
資訊: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
資訊: Stopping service Catalina
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
資訊: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
資訊: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:53 上午 org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources cleanUp
警告: Failed to retrieve JNDI naming context for container [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/pratice]] so no cleanup was performed for that container

javax.naming.NamingException: No naming context bound to this class loader
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    at org.apache.naming.ContextBindings.getClassLoader(ContextBindings.java:350)
    at org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources.cleanUp(NamingResources.java:985)
    at org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources.stopInternal(NamingResources.java:968)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:221)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5847)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:221)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:259)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:1146)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.destroyInternal(ContainerBase.java:1357)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:1146)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.destroyInternal(ContainerBase.java:1357)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.destroyInternal(StandardService.java:594)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.destroyInternal(StandardServer.java:848)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:698)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:428)

解決方法：找到tomcat的安裝目錄，找到conf資料夾下的server.xml檔案，開啟查詢到Context標籤。

發現有多個Context，把多餘的刪除，僅保留tomcat部署下的專案即可。儲存，執行專案。

至此，tomcat就能正常啟動了，專案也能執行。