linux下通過mount掛載iscsi、ntfs、nfs詳解
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-03
通常伺服器本機自帶磁碟空間有限，都需要額外載入磁碟，可以採用mount方式把遠端的共享儲存磁碟載入進來，目前用過的有iscsi、ntfs、nfs三種類型
一，mount掛載iscsi型別
1，查詢下準備掛載的磁碟或者儲存器
[[email protected] /]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 1x.xx.0.22:3260
1x.xx.0.22:3260,1 iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-6dac38009-c1b1cac2d434efec-pddata
1x.xx.0.22:3260,1 iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx
[[email protected] /]#
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx -T /daxxxx -p 1x.xx.0.22:3260 -l
Try `iscsiadm --help' for more information.
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm --help
iscsiadm -m discoverydb [ -hV ] [ -d debug_level ] [-P printlevel] [ -t type -p ip:port -I ifaceN ... [ -Dl ] ] | [ [ -p ip:port -t type] [ -o operation ] [ -n name ] [ -v value ] [ -lD ] ]
iscsiadm -m discovery [ -hV ] [ -d debug_level ] [-P printlevel] [ -t type -p ip:port -I ifaceN ... [ -l ] ] | [ [ -p ip:port ] [ -l | -D ] ]
iscsiadm -m node [ -hV ] [ -d debug_level ] [ -P printlevel ] [ -L all,manual,automatic ] [ -U all,manual,automatic ] [ -S ] [ [ -T targetname -p ip:port -I ifaceN ] [ -l | -u | -R | -s] ] [ [ -o operation ] [ -n name ] [ -v value ] ]
iscsiadm -m session [ -hV ] [ -d debug_level ] [ -P printlevel] [ -r sessionid | sysfsdir [ -R | -u | -s ] [ -o operation ] [ -n name ] [ -v value ] ]
iscsiadm -m iface [ -hV ] [ -d debug_level ] [ -P printlevel ] [ -I ifacename | -H hostno|MAC ] [ [ -o operation ] [ -n name ] [ -v value ] ] [ -C ping [ -a ip ] [ -b packetsize ] [ -c count ] [ -i interval ] ]
iscsiadm -m fw [ -l ]
iscsiadm -m host [ -P printlevel ] [ -H hostno|MAC ] [ [ -C chap [ -o operation ] [ -v chap_tbl_idx ] ] | [ -C flashnode [ -o operation ] [ -A portal_type ] [ -x flashnode_idx ] [ -n name ] [ -v value ] ] ]
iscsiadm -k priority
[[email protected] ~]#
預設情況下，iscsi發起方和目標方之間通過埠3260連線。假設已知iscsi的目標方IP是192.xxx.1.1，執行下列命令：
iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx -p 1x.xx.0.22:3260 -l
如果要在系統啟動時自動登入
iscsiadm -m node –T iqn.1997-05.com.test:raid -p 192.xxx.1.1:3260 --op update -n node.startup -v automatic
2，登入節點
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx -p 1x.xx.0.22:3260 -l
Logging in to [iface: iscsi_eth0, target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx, portal: 1x.xx.0.22,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: iscsi_eth0, target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx, portal: 1x.xx.0.22,3260] successful.
[[email protected] ~]#
3，執行fdisk -l檢視節點，如下所示。
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 146.0 GB, 145999527936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17750 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 17751 142577663+ ee GPT
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 9487 MB, 9487515648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1153 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home: 82.1 GB, 82086723584 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9979 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099526307840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 133676 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcb8879db
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 133676 1073752438+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 1099.5 GB, 1099526307840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 133676 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[[email protected] ~]#
可以看到新掛載的Disk /dev/sdc: 1099.5 GB, 1099526307840 bytes
4，登入需驗證碼的節點：
開啟認證
iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx -o update -name node.session.auth.authmethod -value=CHAP
*.使用-o同--op
5，格式化裝置
[[email protected] baimo]# mount /dev/sdc /daxxxx
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
[[email protected] baimo]#
檢視原有的磁碟檔案系統格式：
[[email protected] ~]# df -T
檔案系統 型別 1K-塊 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
ext4 51606140 30446060 18538640 63% /
tmpfs tmpfs 9261428 3099716 6161712 34% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 ext4 495844 77683 392561 17% /boot
/dev/sda1 vfat 204580 260 204320 1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
ext4 78904232 72142868 2753224 97% /home
/dev/sdb1 ext4 1056902612 730470180 272744812 73% /data
[[email protected] ~]#
看到為ext4格式，如欲將裝置格式化為ext4檔案系統，執行# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc，如下所示：
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdc is entire device, not just one partition!
無論如何也要繼續? (y,n) y
Discarding device blocks: failed - 輸入/輸出錯誤
檔案系統標籤=
作業系統:Linux
塊大小=4096 (log=2)
分塊大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
67117056 inodes, 268439040 blocks
13421952 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個資料塊=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
8193 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
6，開始掛接裝置
在/mnt下建立iscsi目錄
mkdir -p /daxxxx
執行mount命令：
# mount -t /dev/sdc /daxxxx
針對iscsi裝置的特殊mount選項，執行df –h可以看到/daxxxx目錄：
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdc /daxxxx
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
檔案系統 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G 30G 18G 63% /
tmpfs 8.9G 3.0G 5.9G 34% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 485M 76M 384M 17% /boot
/dev/sda1 200M 260K 200M 1% /boot/efi
/dev/sdc 1008G 200M 957G 1% /daxxxx
[[email protected] ~]#
看到，iscsi裝置被成功掛接，可以當作常規儲存裝置使用了。
如果要在系統啟動時自動掛接
編輯/etc/fstab加入一行：
/dev/sdc /daxxxx ext4 default 0 0
7，登出節點
首先解除掛接
#umount /mnt/iscsi
登出
# iscsiadm -m node –T iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-4061f7f09-29d248cfaed54b9d-daxxxx -p 1x.xx.0.22:3260 –u
8，報錯問題記錄
ifconfig eth0 192.xxx.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 1x.xx.0.22:3260
iscsiadm: connect to 1x.xx.0.22 timed out
iscsiadm: connect to 1x.xx.0.22 timed out
iscsiadm: connect to 1x.xx.0.22 timed out
^Ciscsiadm: caught SIGINT, exiting...
[[email protected] ~]#
報錯，去check下看是否可以ping通
[[email protected] /]# ping 1x.xx.0.22
PING 1x.xx.0.22 (1x.xx.0.22) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 1x.xx.0.22 ping statistics ---
172 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 171475ms
[[email protected] /]#
去檢視網路配置
[[email protected] /]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5C:F3:FC:1B:73:B4
inet6 addr: fe80::5ef3:fcff:fe1b:73b4/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:27910750 errors:0 dropped:243 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4909669 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2068014537 (1.9 GiB) TX bytes:409283724 (390.3 MiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5C:F3:FC:1B:73:B6
inet addr:192.xxx.1xx.107 Bcast:192.xxx.1xx.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5ef3:fcff:fe1b:73b6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:37927936 errors:0 dropped:1563 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:41504235 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:21039621446 (19.5 GiB) TX bytes:34187439193 (31.8 GiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
原來eth0的網路ip沒有配置，只配置了eth1的，所以需要ifconfg一下
[[email protected] /]# ifconfig eth0 1x.xx.0.107 netmask 255.255.255.0
[[email protected] /]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5C:F3:FC:1B:73:B4
inet addr:1x.xx.0.107 Bcast:1x.xx.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5ef3:fcff:fe1b:73b4/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:27913798 errors:0 dropped:243 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4910226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2068233906 (1.9 GiB) TX bytes:409330163 (390.3 MiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5C:F3:FC:1B:73:B6
inet addr:192.xxx.1xx.107 Bcast:192.xxx.1xx.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5ef3:fcff:fe1b:73b6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:38546864 errors:0 dropped:1563 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:42148624 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:21287430291 (19.8 GiB) TX bytes:34555423236 (32.1 GiB)
檢視到ifconfig已經正常，然後去ping下，已經正常。
[[email protected] /]# ping 1x.xx.0.22
PING 1x.xx.0.22 (1x.xx.0.22) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 1x.xx.0.22: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.00 ms
64 bytes from 1x.xx.0.22: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.082 ms
64 bytes from 1x.xx.0.22: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.150 ms
^C
--- 1x.xx.0.22 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2334ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.082/0.411/1.003/0.419 ms
[[email protected] /]#
二，mount掛載ntfs型別
1，安裝軟體Fuse以及Ntfs-3g
從http://fuse.sourceforge.net上下載原始碼
wget http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/fuse/fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz
解壓縮原始碼：
tar zxf fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz
編譯和安裝fuse原始碼
cd fuse-2.7.1
./configure --exec-prefix=/; make; make install
Ntfs-3g安裝
從網站http://www.tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-download/上下載原始碼包：
wget http://tuxera.com/opensource/ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2011.4.12.tgz
解壓縮安裝：
tar zxf ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2011.4.12.tgz
編譯和安裝ntfs-3g原始碼。
cd ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2011.4.12
./configure
make
make install
2，掛載
如果在安裝過程中沒有出現錯誤，NTFS卷可以mount到Linux上，並且具有讀寫許可權。
fdisk -l | grep NTFS
(/dev/sdb1 2 62016256 1953512032+ 7 HPFS/NTFS)
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /data/oracle
三，mount掛載nfs磁碟類似
1，在linux上安裝nfs軟體
yum -y install nfs-utils portma
yum install nfs -y
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs status
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start|stop|restart
2，掛載windows的共享磁碟
先測試下掛載的伺服器
showmount -e 192.168.1.225
再進行掛載操作
mount -o username=administrator //1xx.xx.180.252/backdate/baimo /home/baimo
3，掛載linux下的共享磁碟
mount -t nfs 1xx.xx.0.231:/nfs/frank /mnt/oracle
4，掛載USB行動硬碟:
mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /root/usb
5，解除掛載
umount /mnt/oracle
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