1. 程式人生 > >(一)Spring IoC原始碼-3.其他特性的實現原理-02迴圈依賴的解決

(一)Spring IoC原始碼-3.其他特性的實現原理-02迴圈依賴的解決

引言:迴圈依賴就是N個類中迴圈巢狀引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 物件的方式發生這種迴圈依賴的話程式會在執行時一直迴圈呼叫,直至記憶體溢位報錯。下面說一下Spring是如果解決迴圈依賴的。

第一種:構造器引數迴圈依賴

Spring容器會將每一個正在建立的Bean 識別符號放在一個“當前建立Bean池”中,Bean識別符號在建立過程中將一直保持
在這個池中,因此如果在建立Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前建立Bean池”裡時將丟擲
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示迴圈依賴;而對於建立完畢的Bean將從“當前建立Bean池”中清除掉。

首先我們先初始化三個Bean。

public class StudentA {  

    private StudentB studentB ;  

    public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {  
        this.studentB = studentB;  
    }  

    public StudentA() {  
    }  

    public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {  
        this.studentB = studentB;  
    }  
}  

ublic class StudentB {  

    private
StudentC studentC ; public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) { this.studentC = studentC; } public StudentB() { } public StudentB(StudentC studentC) { this.studentC = studentC; } } public class StudentC { private StudentA studentA ; public
void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) { this.studentA = studentA; } public StudentC() { } public StudentC(StudentA studentA) { this.studentA = studentA; } }

OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個迴圈依賴的情況,
我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造例項化

<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">  
    <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>  
</bean>  
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">  
    <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>  
</bean>  
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">  
    <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>  
</bean>

下面是測試類:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
        //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
    }  
}  

執行結果報錯資訊為:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:   
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?  

如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先建立單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然後將A放在“當前建立Bean池”中,此時建立StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然後將B放在“當前建立Bean池”中,此時建立StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)

第二種:setter方式單例,預設方式

如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean例項化的圖
Bean例項化
如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean物件例項化之後再設定物件屬性的

修改配置檔案為set方式注入

<!--scope="singleton"(預設就是單例方式)  -->  
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">  
    <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
</bean>  
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">  
    <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
</bean>  
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">  
    <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
</bean>

下面是測試類:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
        System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
    }  
}  

列印結果為:

com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6  

為什麼用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造例項化Bean物件 ,此時Spring會將這個例項化結束的物件放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設定屬性的例項化物件引用的方法。 結合我們的例項來看,,當Spring例項化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC後,緊接著會去設定物件的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在裡面的單例StudentB物件,以此類推,不會出來迴圈的問題嘍、

下面是Spring原始碼中的實現方法,。以下的原始碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(快取單例例項化物件的Map集合) */  
    private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);  

    /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean快取集合) */  
    private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);  

    /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身物件快取集合) */  
    private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);  

    /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的例項化物件名稱集合) */  
    private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);  
    /** 
     * 新增單例例項 
     * 解決迴圈引用的問題 
     * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton 
     * if necessary. 
     * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to 
     * resolve circular references. 
     * @param beanName the name of the bean 
     * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object 
     */  
    protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {  
        Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");  
        synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {  
            if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {  
                this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);  
                this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);  
                this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);  
            }  
        }  
    } 

第三種:setter方式原型,prototype

修改配置檔案為:

<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
        <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
</bean>  
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
    <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
</bean>  
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
    <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
</bean>  

scope=”prototype” 意思是 每次請求都會建立一個例項物件。兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
        <strong>//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的例項,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會例項化物件</strong>  
        System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
    }  
}  

列印結果:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:   
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?  

為什麼原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不進行快取,因此無法提前暴露一個建立中的Bean。